Exercise 10.

Reproduction and Respiration types

Teacher: Tomás Bazán Cuevas

Cynthia Martínez Ramos
2756939
Name: Cynthia Martínez Ramos ID: 2756939
Course name: Life Science Teacher´s name: Tomas Bazan Cuevas

Module 2: Cellular Processes. Activity: Exercise 10

Date: 22/02/2017 Team: No Team

Bibliography:

What is Mitosis ? (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from

http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Cells/Cell-Division_Mitosis.php

(n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/meiosis-88

(n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mitosis-

14046258

Holland, A. J., Lan, W., & Cleveland, D. W. (2010, July 15). Centriole duplication: A lesson in
self-control. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040958/

How is centriole number maintained during meiosis? (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
http://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/36060/how-is-centriole-number-maintained-during-
meiosis

Khan Academy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-molecular-biology/mitosis/a/phases-of-
mitosis

Meiosis: Stages and Genetic Consequences of Meiosis. (2015, August 27). Retrieved February
22, 2017, from http://www.biologydiscussion.com/meiosis/meiosis-stages-and-genetic-
consequences-of-meiosis/710

What is meiosis? (2016, May 06). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-meiosis

What is mitosis? (2016, January 25). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-mitosis

Name given to cells formed by meiosis

  The name as a whole is Gametes, from here we have oogonia and
spermatogonia and they originate from the parent cells, which are
diploid and the daughter cells, haploid; to get here, they go through the
following 9 stages.

When chromatids separates from chromosomes

  From the 9 stages shown above, the point where it happens it’s at both
the Meiosis II and Anaphase II, in here, they separate and move to
opposite poles of the cells, and gain their independent chromosome.

Consequences of meiosis
 There is an extreme randomized accommodation and distribution of
genes (DNA)
 The main consequence is that it reduces the number of chromosomes in
the Diploid (Parent cell) by half, and produce four gamete cells
(Haploid) from which the DNA replications are followed by two
separate cycles of nuclear division.

Duplication of centrioles
The duplication of centrioles is a semi-conservative process that occurs once
only per cycle, It is first visible during early S-phase where it begins its
process of duplication; as the cell continues its progress through S and G2
phases, daughter centrioles elongate until they reach the length of their
parents; and once the M phase is completed, you will have the final result, as

shown below.
The process of mitosis
Mitosis is the process where a single cell divides itself into two identical
daughter cells, the 5 stages that this process undergoes are the following:

Interphase:
 The DNA within the cell is copied as preparation for the division of the
cell, which results in two identical full sets of chromosomes.
 Microtubules are extended from the chromosomes.

Prophase:
 The chromosomes adapt an X-shape-like structure, which can only be
seen through the lenses of a microscope
 Chromosomes pair themselves up so that both copies (daughter cells) of
chromosome 1 are together; this process goes on and on.
 At the end of this process the membrane that lies around the nucleus in
the cell dissolves away releasing the chromosomes

Metaphase:
  Chromosomes can be seen lining up neatly along the center of the cell.
 The centrioles become opposite poles, extending themselves.
 Mitotic spindle fibers attach to each of the sister chromatids.

Anaphase:
 Here, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the mitotic spindle which
pulls one of the chromatid to one pole and the other to the opposite.

Telophase:
 Begins after the chromosomal movement stops
 Mitotic spindle breaks-up
 The nucleoli appears.
 At each pole of the cell, there will be a full set of chromosomes
gathered together.
 Process shown in picture:

Conclusion
This process that I researched for, was something very interesting, as I learned
some of the things, like the process of the mitosis, and the division of cells;
this was a good exercise to perform, as it goes according to what we see at
blackboard, and something useful for my learning abilities.
This information was very interesting to know about, as it tells us the process
that some of the things that we ae made of, thanks to this reproductive cells,
we are alive, and through the division of themselves, and the DNA exchange
and accommodation, we are created, the human body, and nature, is an
amazing thing, and I can’t wait to learn more.

Feedback to my classmates
 To Carlos Emiliano Ayala Domínguez

 To Angelica Sofía Peñaloza Osorio

Bibliography
What is Mitosis ? (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Cells/Cell-Division_Mitosis.php

(n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from

http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/meiosis-88

(n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mitosis-14046258

Holland, A. J., Lan, W., & Cleveland, D. W. (2010, July 15). Centriole duplication: A
lesson in self-control. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040958/

How is centriole number maintained during meiosis? (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017,
from http://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/36060/how-is-centriole-number-
maintained-during-meiosis
Khan Academy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-molecular-
biology/mitosis/a/phases-of-mitosis

Meiosis: Stages and Genetic Consequences of Meiosis. (2015, August 27). Retrieved
February 22, 2017, from http://www.biologydiscussion.com/meiosis/meiosis-stages-and-
genetic-consequences-of-meiosis/710

What is meiosis? (2016, May 06). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-meiosis

What is mitosis? (2016, January 25). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from
http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-mitosis