Rules and recommendations

To talk about rules and recommendations using modals for necessity

Learning objective
and recommendations

Activity 1.
With your group, define the extreme sports nouns.
Then share them with another group.
Example:
In this sport , a boat pulls a person while he or she balances on a pair of skis.

Activity 2.
Which word best describes the sport each person practices.
Match the words in the left with the sentence on the right.

1. The first time I jumped out of the airplane, I thought

I would pass out, but I didn’t. __________
A. Snowboarding 2. When you throw from a bridge or a really high place,
B. bungee jumping you feel you can fly. __________
C. skydiving 3. If you are hiking to the top of a cliff you first need to
D. kite surfing determine its difficulty. __________
E. paragliding 4. I love practicing it. I think it is the closest that a
F. rock climbing human being can get to the feeling of flying like a
G. white-water rafting bird. __________
5. It was so funny! We couldn’t keep the boat balanced
and we all fell into the water. __________

Grammar: Modals of necessity and recommendation

Activity 1.
Complete the sentences with one of a modal verb.

1. I ……...…………. be at the meeting by 10:00. I ……...…………. take a taxi if I want to be on time.

2. You ………….…. submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. Check that the name,
address, and background information are correct.
3. You ……….…. forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
4. You ……...…………. be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while?
5. If you are over 18 in California, you ……...…………. take a driver training course to get a driver's
license.
6. You ……...……………. be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a
penny to their name.
7. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her anything for her birthday, but I really think you ……...………….
at least get her some flowers or a nice bottle of wine.
8. Experts agree that to speak a language fluently, you ……...…………. practice the language regularly.
9. Oh my God, he's unconscious. Don't move him! Somebody calls an ambulance. You ……...………….
wait for help.
10. I can hear you quite well. You ……...…………. shout.
11. You ……...…………. take any of the confidential files home. It’s against company rules.
12. She ……...…………. ride her bike at night without lights. It's forbidden.
13. She ……...…………. eat so much chocolate because it's bad for her figure.

Activity 2.
Read the article and choose the correct answer, A, B or C below.

0 A should B mustn’t C have to

1 A will have to B mustn’t C won’t have to
2 A shouldn’t B ‘d better C don’t have to
3 A ought to B don’t have to C must
4 A have got to B don’t have to C shouldn’t
5 A ‘d better not B mustn’t C don’t have to
6 A don’t have to B must C ought to
7 A must not B shouldn’t C don’t have to
8 A shouldn’t B must not C don’t have to
Activity 3.