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    The excretory system removes waste from the body through sweat and urine, maintaining homeostasis. The main organs are the kidneys, which filter blood and remove wastes to form urine, the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra which allows urine to exit the body. The nervous system receives information inside and outside the body and directs responses to maintain homeostasis using neurons, the brain, and motor neurons which send signals to muscles and glands. The immune system fights pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists that can enter the body through various means and damage cells, triggering an inflammatory response and immune response using phagocytes, lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells

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    The excretory system removes waste from the body through sweat and urine, maintaining homeostasis. The main organs are the kidneys, which filter blood and remove wastes to form urine, the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra which allows urine to exit the body. The nervous system receives information inside and outside the body and directs responses to maintain homeostasis using neurons, the brain, and motor neurons which send signals to muscles and glands. The immune system fights pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists that can enter the body through various means and damage cells, triggering an inflammatory response and immune response using phagocytes, lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells

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    13 views3 pages

    Studyguide

    Uploaded by

    Akim Faisal
    The excretory system removes waste from the body through sweat and urine, maintaining homeostasis. The main organs are the kidneys, which filter blood and remove wastes to form urine, the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra which allows urine to exit the body. The nervous system receives information inside and outside the body and directs responses to maintain homeostasis using neurons, the brain, and motor neurons which send signals to muscles and glands. The immune system fights pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists that can enter the body through various means and damage cells, triggering an inflammatory response and immune response using phagocytes, lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells

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    EXCRETORY SYSTEM:

    System of removing wastes. Produced from metabolism. Get rid of these wastes through sweat and urine, maintaining homeostasis.

    Main organs:

    1. Kidneys: filter blood


    a. Nephrons: in the kidneys filtering factors that remove wastes from your blood
    b. Blood, water, wastes enter kidneys traps wastes (urea, salt, excess water…) and lets blood and water to flow back into body
    c. Wastes left behind combine to form urine. (Urea: chemical produced from breaking down protein.
    2. Ureter: narrow tubes. Allows urine to flow from kidneys to bladder
    3. Urinary bladder: holds urine
    4. Urethra: tube allowed urine to exit body
    5. Lungs, skin, liver maintain homeostasis

    NERVOUS SYSTEM:

    Receives information about what is going on inside and outside the body. Directs the way in which your body represents and maintains homeostasis.

    Neurons: cells that carry impulses

    a. Sensory: picks up information and turns it into nerve impulse


    b. Interneuron: carries impulse from e neuron to another.
    c. Motor neuron: sends impulse to muscle or gland and turns it into action.

    Brain:

    a. Cerebrum: interprets information from senses. Controls movement from skeletal muscles, carries out complex mental processes such as learning,
    remembering, making judgments. Biggest part of brain
    - Right side: controls left side. Responsible for creativity and artisticness
    - Left side: controls right side responsible for math, speech, writing, logical thinking
    b. Cerebellum: coordinates the actions of your muscles and balance
    c. Brain stem: controls your body’s involuntary actions such as breathing and heart beat.

    Paralysis: motor neurons stop working. A part of the body that I paralyzed, so it can’t move.
    IMMUNE SYSTEM: fights diseases caused by pathogens

    Pathogen: organisms that cause diseases:

    - Fungi
    - Bacteria
    - Protists
    - Virus

    Can spread by:

    1. Person to person: direct contact


    2. Animal bite: (rabies)
    3. Contaminated objects: indirect contact (doorknobs)
    4. Pathogens from environment: (botulism)

    Barriers that keep Pathogens Out:

    1. Skin
    2. Breathing passages
    3. Mouth and Stomach

    If pathogens get in Damages cells, and Inflammatory response is triggered, if the pathogens are secured enough the immune response is triggered.

    Inflammatory Response Immune Response: T

    1. Phagocytes: WBC are released to fight 1. Lympocytes: are released they even distinguish
    pathogen and break it down. one pathogen from another. T cells and B cells.
    T cells B cell what the antigen looks like, B cell produces antibody that will fit the antigen like a puzzle piece.
    2. Area of infection may swell and become 2. T cells recognize the pathogens: antigens
    inflamed
    HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Virus 3. B cells: produce antibodies to destroy that
    3.AIDS:
    YouAcquired Immune Deficiency syndrome
    may get fever pathogen
    HIV attacks immune system. Leads to AIDs. The shape of the virus keeps changing so body can’t fight it off.
    RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

    Breathing is physically inhaling and exhaling. Respirating is giving oxygen to cells.

    Path:

    Nose- entrance, warms and moistens air


    Pharynx: moves air.
    Larynx: vocal cords. Voice box
    Trachea: windpipe, cleans and moistens air with mucous.
    Bronchi: passages that direct air to lungs
    Lungs: gases exchanged
    Alveoli: gases exchanged in lungs

    Diaphragm:
    Down- contracts on inhalation
    Up- relaxes on exhalation

    Carbon dioxide and water are wastes.


    O2+C6H12O6 = CO2+H20

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