DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

 

VHJGCG 90; F@VC@JLHFP FH GF^JRCGCP YC^@JCOFP. CVWLRCOL^FP Z CVWLRF@WL^FP. 

PFPJÐH
PFPJ ÐH 3>; F@VC@J
F@VC@JLHFP
LHFP GJBF^FH@J
GJBF^FH@JCOFP
COFP YC^CNÐOJ@CP
YC^CNÐOJ@CP
FKF^@J@JLP Y^LYVFPWLP
Hjvfo 3; 
3; 
3.  ^fsufovc oc f`uc`jðh gfo `colr
   u >  u
>

  @ 
  t      x >
u (9, t )  9, u ((3
3, t )  9, t   9
  
u ( x , 9)  sfh( x)  sfh(0  x), x   9, O 
@lhsjgfrf @43, fo tjfdpl bjhco W49.7 sfm, oc `chtjgcg gf jhtfrvcols, h4 5 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc x), d439 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc
fo tjfdpl).
Jdpofdfhtc`jðh gfo prlmrcdc quf rfsufovf fo prlnofdc;
% F`uc`jðh gfo `colr plr Gjbfrfh`jcs Bjhjtcs Fxpoj`jtcs
`ofcr1
`ob1
% jhmrfsl gf gctls 
gctls 
H4jhput('jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcnof fspc`jco; ')1
H4jhput('jhmrfsf
'jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcnof tfdplrco;'
D4jhput('jhmrfsf
D4jhput( tfdplrco;')1
)1
`ob1
% jhtfrvcol fh fo fspc`jl Qc,nT
Qc,nT  
c491
n431
% jhtfrvcol fh fo tjfdpl Q9,WT
W49.71
@431
% gfbjhj`jlh gf hlgls fhf h fo dcoocgl
d coocgl l mrjg
xhlgls4ojhspc`f(c,n,H)1 thlgls4ojhspc`f(9,W,D)1
e4(n-c)/(H-3)1
a4W/(D-3)1
% djgf oc `lhvfrmfh`jc gfo fsqufdc
r4@X>*a/eX>1
% `lhstruyfhgl oc dctrjz dctrjz 
 C4(3->*r)*fyf(H->)1
blr  j43;H-0
 j43;H-0
 C(j,j+3)4r1
 C(j+3,j)4r1
fhg  
fhg
% gfbjhf oc buh`jlh b(x) pcrc t49
b4jhojhf('sjh(pj*x)+sjh(0*pj*x)'
b4jhojhf( 'sjh(pj*x)+sjh(0*pj*x)')1
)1
% gfbjhf oc slou`jlh fh oc brlhtfrc x49
cobcbrlhtfrc4jhojhf('9'
cobcbrlhtfrc4jhojhf( '9')1
)1
% gfbjhf oc slou`jlh fh oc brlhtfrc x43
nftcbrlhtfrc4jhojhf('9'
nftcbrlhtfrc4jhojhf( '9')1
)1
% slou`jlh jhj`jco pcrc t49 fh fo jhtfrjlr gf Qc,nT
Qc,nT  
blr  j4>;H-3
 j4>;H-3

slobjoc(j-3)4b(xhlgls(j))1
fhg
fhg  
% slou`jlh jhj`jco pcrc t49 fh tlgl fo jhtfrvcol Qc,nT
Qc,nT  

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc3 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

`rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 

DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

 

slo4Qb(xhlgls(3)),slobjoc,b(xhlgls(H))T1
%fo prl`fsl jtfrctjvl fh fo dftlgl fxpoj`jtl
fxpoj`jtl  
blr   k4>;D
bjoc4C*slobjoc'1
slobjoc4bjoc'1
% oc vcrjcnof slo `lhtfhgr·c cprlxjdcgc gf u(x,t) u(x,t)  
% fh tlgl fo dcoocgl Q9,OTxQ9,WT
Q9,OTxQ9,WT  
slo4Qslo1cobcbrlhtfrc(thlgls(k)),slobjoc,nftcbrlhtfrc(thlgls(k))T1
fhg 
fhg 
% mrcbj`c gf oc slou`jlh cprlxjdcgc
bjmurf(3)
dfse(xhlgls,thlgls,slo)
tjtof('Plou`jlh
tjtof( 'Plou`jlh cprlxjdcgc plr fo dftlgl fxpoj`jtl'
fxpoj`jtl'))
% % mrcbj`c gf oc slou`jlh fxc`tc
bjmurf(>)
dU4ojhspc`f(c,n,399)1
dW4ojhspc`f(9,W,399)1
QUU,WWT4dfsemrjg(dU,dW)1
u4sjh(pj*UU).*fxp(-pjX>*WW)+sjh(0*pj*UU).*fxp(-:*pjX>*WW)1
dfse(dU,dW,u)
'Plou`jlh fxc`tc (sfrjfs gf Blurjfr)'
tjtof('Plou`jlh
tjtof( Blurjfr) ')

Plou`jðh;

   u >  u
>

  @  >

 t      x
u (9, t )  9, u (3
(3, t )  9, t   9

u ( x , 9)  sfh( x)  sfh(0  x), x  9, O   
@43, fo tjfdpl bjhco W49.7 sfm, O43, oc `chtjgcg gf jhtfrvcols, h4 5 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc x), d439 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc fo tjfdpl).
a  9.97
r  @    >.62
>

e>  9.3>6
>

uj , k 3  ruj 3, k  3  >r  ujk  ru  j 3, k

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc> `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

`rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 

DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

 

 u3,3  3  >r r  9 9 9 9 9   u3,9 

u    u 
  
> ,3 r 3  > r r  9 9 9 9
  >,9 
 u0,3   9 r 3  >r r  9 9 9   u0,9 
    
u7,3    9 9  r 3  >r r  9 9  u7 , 9 
u     u 
6 ,3
u   9 9 9 r 3 >r r  9   6, 9 
 2,3   9 9 9 9 r 3  >r r   u2,9   
   3  >r  u= ,9 
u=,3   9 9 9 9 9 r

Fh Dctocn;
88 f`colr>
jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcn
vcrjcnof
of fspc`jco; :
jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcnof tfdplrco;33
jhmrfsf fo fxtrfdl c; 9
jhmrfsf fo fxtrfdl n; 3
jhmrfsf fo tjfdpl bjhco W; 9.7
jhmrfsf oc `lhstchtf @; 3
r4
>.6299

C4
-7.3>99 >.6299 9 9 9 9 9
>.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299 9 9 9 9
9 >.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299 9 9 9
9 9 >.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299 9 9
9 9 9 >.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299 9
9 9 9 9 >.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299
9 9 9 9 9 >.6299 -7.3>99

jhmrfsf oc buh`jðh jhj`jco `uchgl t49; sjh(pj*x)+sjh(0*pj*x)

slou`jðh4
3.9f+90 *

9 9.9930 9.9937 9.9996 9 9.9996 9.9937 9.9930 9.9999

9 -9.9935 -9.9933 9.9937 9.99>5
9.99>5 9.9937 -9.9933 -9.9935 9
9 9.9976 9.9902 -9.9937 -9.9970 -9.9937 9.9902 9.9976 9
9 -9.99:> -9.99=9 9.9973 9.9390
9.9390 9.9973 -9.99=9 -9.99:> 9
9 9.9>9> 9.9366 -9.995> -9.9>3= -9.995> 9.9366 9.9>9> 9
9 -9.9706 -9.900> 9.9353 9.97=>
9.97=> 9.9353 -9.900> -9.9706 9
9 9.9:79 9.9=>9 -9.905: -9.393= -9.905: 9.9=>9 9.9:79 9
9 -9.>903 -9.3667 9.957> 9.>3::
9.>3:: 9.957> -9.3667 -9.>903 9
9 9.7055 9.006: -9.3535 -9.7=69 -9.3535 9.006: 9.7055 9
9 -9.:75> -9.=>6= 9.0:>5 3.9>20
3.9>20 9.0:>5 -9.=>6= -9.:75> 9
9 >.975= 3.6259 -9.5752 ->.>3=6 -9.5752 3.6259 >.975= 9

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc0 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

`rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 

DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

 

>.  Celrc ecmc fo gfspojfmuf gf oc slou`jðh

slou`jðh hudêrj`c gfo ffkfr`j`jl
kfr`j`jl chtfrjlr pcrc;
(c)  H 4 39 y  D 4 >9
(n)  H 4 >9 y  D 4 >9
(`)  H 4 39 y  D 4 69
0.  ¼Suê lnsfrvc fh tlgls fstls `csls< (fkfr`j`jl
(fkfr`j`jl chtfrjlr)1 hltf quf hl slol lntfhgrã uhc slou`jðh hudêrj`c
3
sjdjocr c oc fxc`tc `uchgl r ≧  
>
7.  Jhtrlguz`c ocs dlg
dlgjbj`c`jlhfs
jbj`c`jlhfs hf`fscrjcs pcrc quf ssu
u prlmrcdc vcojgf fo vco
vcolr
lr gf r, y quf sðol pfrdjtc oc
3
fkf`u`jðh tltco (gfo prlmrcdc) `uchgl r ≧  
>

Hjvfo >;
6.  @lh fo prlmrcdc chtfrjlr, dufstrf oc gjstrjnu`jðh gf oc tfdpfrcturc fh oc vcrjooc `uchgl t 4 9.96>, t 4 9.3 y t 4
9.>. Fojkc sfmûh su `rjtfrjl fo hûdfrl
hûdfrl gf hlghlgls
ls fh cdncs vcrjcno
vcrjcnofs,
fs, l fh su gfbf`tl, prlplhmc u
uhc
hc slou`
slou`jðh
jðh
sctjsbc`tlrjc pcrc prlvffr fo vcolr rfqufrjgl gf blrdc cprlpjcgc.

Wfdpfrcturc c ol ocrml gf tlgc oc v

vcrjooc
crjooc (t49.96>, t49.3 y t49.>)
t49.>)  

2.  @lh fo prlmrcdc chtfrjlr, dufstrf fo `ldplrtcdjfhtl gf oc tfdpfrcturc gf oc vcrjooc fh su puhtl dfgjl c
trcvês gfo tjfdpl, fojkc sfmûh su `rjtfrjl fo hûdfrl gf hlgls fh cdncs vcrjcnofs.

Wfdpfrcturc c ol ocrml gfo tjfdpl (x49.6)

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc7 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

`rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 

DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

 

Hjvfo 0; (Chjdc`jðh) 
(Chjdc`jðh) 

Fkfdpol gf chjdc`jðh 
Celrc, ecrfdls uh pcrfhtfsjs
fhtfsjs  fh fo dftl
· ftl gl gf gjbfrfh`jcs
· gjbfrfh`jcs bjhjtcs1 ecrfdls usl gfo slp lrtf gfo DctOcn
pcrc prfpcrcr uhc chjdc`jlh, lh,  hufstrl lnkftjvl fs sjduocr fo gf`cjdjfh
· gf`cjdjfhtl
tl gf oc tfdpfrcturc (`lh oc
jhblrdc`j lh
lh prlplr`jlhcgc plr hufstrls prlmrcdcs chtfrjlrfs) pcrc gjbfrfhtfs vcolrfs gfo tjfdpl fh oc
·

f`uc`jlh
lh gfo `colr. 
·

Ycrc fstl uscrfdls ocs buh`jlhfs;

•   dlvjf(D,h,bps); fxejnf h vf`fs oc chjdc`jðh  codc`fhcgc
codc`fhcgc fh oc dctrjz D,  bps jhgj`c fo hûdfrl gf
`ucgrls quf sf dlstrcrch plr sfmuhgl.
•   dlvjfjh; `rfc uh c dctrjz quf `lhtfhgrc  ols h `ucgrls gf oc
· lh,  su blrdctl fs D4dlvjfjh(h). 
chjdc`jlh,
·

•   mftbrcdf; lntjfhf fo dcr`l gf oc chjdc`jlh

lh quf gfspufs
· fs sf
· sfrrc  rfprlgu`jgc plr dlvjf.
·

Rfcdls uh fkf
fkfdpol
dpol pcrc dlstrcr su utjojgcg;  
% hûdfrl gf tldcs l `ucgrls
`ucgrls  
H43991
% oc vcrjcnof D codc`fhcrc ols `ucgrls
`ucgrls  
D4dlvjfjh(H)1
x4ojhspc`f(9,>*pj,69)1
blr  j43;H
 j43;H
y4sjh(x).*(3-j/H)1
polt(x,y)1
% bjkcdls ocs gjdfhsjlhfs c vjsucojzcr
vjsucoj zcr
cxjs(Q9,>*pj,-3,3T)
% sf fbf`tuc oc `cpturc gf `cgc `ucgrl
`ucgrl  
D(;,j)4mftbrcdf1
fhg 
fhg 
% pcrc dlstrcr oc chjdc`jlh uscr; dlvjf(D,3)
dlvjf(D,3)  

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc6 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

`rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 

DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

 

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc2 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

`rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 

DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

 

^FBF^FH@JC NJNOJLM^ÃBJ@C

H¹ @ÐGJML CVWL^ WJWVOL CÓL

3 635 @ECY/D @ECY^C, P. Dêtlgls hudêrj`ls pcrc jhmfhjfrls. >99=

> 63:.7 DCWE. DCWEF]P, K. Dêtlgls hudêrj`ls `lh DCWOCN. >999

0 NV^GFH BCJ^FP Chãojsjs Hudêrj`l >93>

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc= `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

`rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf