Detailed Design of Abutment & Foundation A1

1.0 Design Data

1.1 Span
a) Left Span (c/c of exp gap) 20 m
b) Right Span (c/c of exp gap) 0 m
c) Left Span (c/c of brg) 19.000 m
d) Right Span (c/c of brg) 0.000 m
e) Alignment - Left Span Straight
f) Alignment - Right Span Straight
g) Radius of curve - Left Span 1000000 m
h) Radius of curve - Right Span 1000000 m
i) Carriageway width -Left Span 7.550 m
j) Carriageway width -Right Span 7.550 m
k) Overall width- Left Span 11.400 m
l) Overall width- Right Span 0.000 m
m) Depth of superstructure -Left Span 1.850 m
n) Depth of superstructure -Right Span 0.000 m
o) Cg of superstructure from bottom - Left Span 1.218 m
p) Cg of superstructure from bottom - Right Span 0.000 m
q) Spacing of girders 2.800 m
r) Ht of crash barrier 1.05 m
s) Wearing coat thickness 0.06 m
t) Height of downstand 0.015 m
u) Height of bearing and pedestal 0.3 m
1.2 Salient Levels
a) Formation Level 737.900 m
b) Bearing Level of fixed bearing 735.975 m
c) Abutment Cap top Level 735.570 m
d) Lowest Bed level 732.210 m 6.760
e) Founding level 727.210 m
f) Average ground level at toe side foundation 732.210 m

1.3 Dimension details of abutment

a) Length of abutment 11.500 m
b) Width of abutment Cap 1.300 m
c) Length of abutment Cap 11.500 m
d) Distance from center of exp. joint to bearing 0.500 m
e) Thickness of abutment Cap 0.600 m
f) Thickness of front wall 1.300 m
j) Thickness of back wall 0.000 m

i) Thickness of outer couterfort wall 1.000 m

j) Thickness of inner couterfort wall 1.000 m
k) Thickness of dirt wall 0.300 m
l) Tranverse Ecentricity of Girders 0.000 m

1.4 Details of foundation

a) Width of foundation 13.500 m
b) Width of toe 2.500 m
c) Width of heel 7.000 m
d) Total Length 9.500 m
f) Width of Earth fill box portion 5.700 m
e) Thickness of foundation slab 1.600 m
f) Bearing capacity of foundation 300 kN/m2
1.5 Details of wearing coat and backfill matterial
Thk. of Ashphaltic Concrete = 40 mm Angle of internal friction (f) = 35.00 degrees
Thk. of mastic Asphalt = 25 mm Angle of wall friction (d) = 22.50 degrees
Thk. of fill over base slab = 2400 mm Slope of backfill soil (b) = 0.00 degrees
Unit weight of wearing coat = 22.0 kN/m3 Angle of earthside wall (a) = 0.00 degrees
Unit weight of soil = 20.0 kN/m3

Page No. 1 of 42
1.6 Others
a) Unit wt of concrete for abutment 25 kN/m3
b) Unit wt of concrete for foundation 25 kN/m3
c) Unit wt of Earth above foundation 20 kN/m3
d) Unit wt of wearing coat 22 kN/m3
e) Grade of concrete of abutment & abutment cap M30
Grade of concrete = M30
Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 28000 MPa
Material safety factor gm = 1.50
Coeff of thermal expansion = 12 E-06 /0C
Permissible Compressive stress = 15.00 MPa
Permissible Compressive stress = 11.40 MPa
f) Grade of concrete of foundation M30
Grade of concrete = M30
Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 28000 MPa
Material safety factor gm = 1.50
Coeff of thermal expansion = 12 E-06 /0C
Permissible Compressive stress = 15.00 MPa
Permissible Compressive stress = 11.40 MPa
g) Grade of steel Fe460
Grade of reinforcement Fe 460 Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Material safety factor gs = 1.15 Design yield strength fyd = 400.00 MPa
Design yield strain eyd = 0.0020

1.8 Sketches

1.500 2.800 2.800 2.800 1.500

Abutment cap 0.60

11.50

Abutment Wall
1.000

13.500
727.210
Open Foundation 1.60

Elevation of abutment, abutment cap along Transverse direction

Page No. 2 of 42
 737.900

0.6

1.3

0.600

2.00 1.30 10.690

1.300

Bed level

Open Foundation 1.60

727.210
5.700
7.000 2.500
9.500
Elevation of Pier cap, Pier along Longitudinal direction

1.500 2.800 2.800 2.800 1.500

1.300

11.50
Plan at pier cap top level
A
T

Heel side MT (+) HT Girder-1

L ML (+) Girder-2
HL L
Surcharge
Pressure & LL
Longitudinal Earth

1.00 m CG of Girders
Center line of bridge Girder-3
Abutment Toe side

Girder-4
T Footpath

Tranverse Earth pressure only

A

Forces & sign convension for abutment base

Page No. 3 of 42
2.0 Load calculation
2.1 Dead Load of structure
2.1.1 Self weight of superstructure
Support reactions for self weight of girders & wt of deck slab from superstructure analysis are considered for
analysis of substructure & foundation,
(a) Left Span = 19.000 m
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 1 = 729.55 kN
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 2 = 324.08 kN
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 3 = 324.08 kN
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 4 = 729.55 kN
DL Reaction of Super structure = 2107.3 kN
Spacing of girder = 2.800 m
(b) Right Span = 0.000 m
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 1 = 0.00 kN
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 2 = 0.00 kN
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 3 = 0.00 kN
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 4 = 0.00 kN
Dead load of Longitudinal Girder 4 = 0.00 kN
DL Reaction of Super structure = 0.00 kN
Spacing of girder = 0.000 m
Total dead load of Superstructure = 2107.3 kN
Distance from center of column to center of bearing = 0.000 m
Longitudinal moment at column centre = 0.000 kN-m
Tranverse Ecentricity of Girders = 0.0 m
Tranverse Moment = -3064.12 kN-m
Weight of Superstructure = 2107.27 kN
Ecentricity due to Curvature = R[sin(f/2)/(f/2)-cos(f/2)] or 2/3*R[1-cos(f/2)]
Where, f = L/2R, R (left) = 1000000 m L (left) = 19 m
R (right) = 1000000 m L (right) = 0.00 m
Table 2.1.1 Summary of self weight of superstructure
Eccentricity (m) Long. Tranverse
Span Verical load
moment moment
mkd (kN) Long Trans (kN-m) (kN-m)
Left span 2107.3 0.000 0.000 0.0 -0.1
Right span 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Total 2107.3 0.00 -0.06
Total Tranverse Moment -3,064.12+-0.06 = -3064.18 kN-m
2.1.2 Self weight of substructure
Self weight of substructure is computed considering unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3.
SL. No. Loads Nos. Length (m) Breadth (m) Height (m) Load (kN)

1 Bearing 4 Wt of each bearing = 2 kN 8.00

2 Pedestal 4 1.00 1.00 0.30 30
3 Central pedestal0 1.00 1.00 0.55 0
4 Seismic restrainer
0 2.00 0.60 1.20 0.0
5 Dirt wall 1 11.50 0.30 2.23 191.91
Therefore total weight of substructure = 229.9 kN

Page No. 4 of 42
2.2 Super Impose Dead Load from superstructure
Support reactions of girders for superimposed live load from superstructure analysis are considered
for analysis of substructure & foundation,
(a) Left Span
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 1 = 19.01 kN
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 2 = 63.48 kN
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 3 = 63.48 kN
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 4 = 19.01 kN
SIDL reaction from longer Super structure = 164.97 kN
Spacing of girder = 2.800 m
(b) Right Span
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 1 = 0.00 kN
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 2 = 0.00 kN
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 3 = 0.00 kN
SIDL of Longitudinal Girder 4 = 0.00 kN
SIDL reaction from shorter Super structure = 0.00 kN
Spacing of girder = 2.800 m
Total SIDL from Superstructure = 164.97 kN
Distance from center of column to center of bearing = 0.000 m
Longitudinal moment at column centre = 0.0 kN-m
Tranverse Momoment = 180.67 kN-m
Table 2.2.1 Summary of super impose dead load
Eccentricity (m) Long. Tranverse
Verical
Span mkd moment moment
load (kN) Long Trans (kN-m) (kN-m)
Left span 165.0 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Right span 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Total 165.0 0.00 0.00
Total Tranverse Moment 180.67+0.00 = 180.67 kN-m

2.3 Footpath Live Load from superstructure

Where, P/ = 500 Kg/m
2
2
W= 1.45 m P= 500.0 Kg/m
Left span L1 = 19.00 m L2 = 0.00 m Right span
U.D.L. due to footpath live load = 7.25 kN/m 7.25 kN/m
Table 2.3.1 Summary of footpath live load
Vertical load (kN) Eccentricity (m) Long. Tranverse
Span
Due to moment moment
mkd One side Long Trans
curvature (kN-m) (kN-m)
Left span 145.0 0.000 -4.45 0.000 0.0 -645.3
Right span 0.0 0.000 -4.45 0.000 0.0 0.0
Total Tranverse Moment 0.00 -645.25
2.4 Vehicular Live Load from superstructure
Maximum Longitudinal Moment due to vehicular live load is summarized below. The longitudinal dispositions of
axle loads causing maximum reaction and moments on substructure and foundation are computed in a separate
pages.
Table 2.4.1 Summary of Vehicular live load at bearing level for Normal load case
Vertical Horizontal Force (kN) ML (KN-m) MT (KN-m) or
Loaded length
Load V (kN) HL HT
Max. Long
1801.63 225.00 0.00 0.00 10.09 390.09
Moment (HA+HB)

Page No. 5 of 42
2.6 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
40000
C =
r+150
W = Live load
V = Design Speed = 100 km/hr.
r = The Radius of Curvature in m = 1000000 m

2.7 Dead load Calculation of abutment

Thickness of outer couterfort wall 1.000 m
Thickness of inner couterfort wall 1.000 m
737.900 m
1670
350
7 2,330

10 6 600
1300
5,690

1300 10,690
1760

6760 1 Average Ground level = 732.210 m

4

7000
5,000
900
727.2 m
3 1600

7000 2500
9500
Section of Retaining Wall

Page No. 6 of 42
2.8 Load Calculation Unit wt of concrete for abutment 25 kN/m3
Unit wt ofSoil 20 kN/m3
Width of abutment 11.5 m
Width of foundation 13.5 m
SEC Weight Horz. Lever Moment
Load Calculation Area(m2) arm(m)
MKD. (kN) (kN-m)
Wt. of abutment only
1 (10.69-2.33-0.6-1.6)x1.3x(11.5-2*1-2*1 60.06 1501.5 3.150 4729.7
3 9.5x1.6x13.5 205.2 5130.0 4.750 24367.5
4 Outer wall= 2x(7)x(10.69-1.6)x1 127.3 3181.5 6.000 19089.0
-2x(1.67+0.35)x(2.33+0.6)x1 -11.8 -295.9 3.510 -1038.7
6 Abut cap 1.3x0.6x11.5 8.97 224.3 5.170 1159.4
7 Dirt wall 0.35x2.33x11.5 9.4 234.5 3.625 849.9

PCC on Toe = 2.5x0.9x13.5 0.0 0.0 1.250 0.0

Superstructure
Self wt of girder 2107.27 2107.3 3.150 6637.9
SIDL 164.97 165.0 3.150 519.6
Crash barrier on outer wall =7kN/m 74.6 6.835 510.0
Wt. of Soil
Soil on toe =(5-0.9-1.6)x2.5x13.5 84.4 1687.50 1.250 2109.4
Soil on box =(7-0-1.3)x(13.5-2x1-2x1)x(10,690-1.6) 492.2 9844.47 6.650 65465.7
less -28.5 -569.59 4.160 -2369.5
Live Load Surcharge for HB load

13 (7-1.67)x1.2x11.5 55.965 1119.30 6.835 7650.416

Summary of load due to self wt of Retaining Wall 9975.8 49156.8
Summary of load for earth fill 10962.4 65205.6
Summary of load due to Live load & live load surcharge 1119.3 7650.4
Moment about toe due to weight of abutment & earth fill shall be negative.

Page No. 7 of 42
2.9 Earth pressure calculation
2.9.1 Active earth Pressure on vertical wall at normal case 0.000 kN/m2
Active earth pressure coefficient at Normal case Ka
= Cos2(f-a)
Cos a*Cos(a+d)*[1+{Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-b)/(Cos(a-d)*Cos(d+a))}1/2]2
2

Note :-
a = Angle subtended by the earth side wall with the 53.527 kN/m2
vertical on the earth side = 0.00 radians
f = Angle of internal friction of the earth fill = 0.61 radians
d = Angle of friction of the earth side wall with the earth=2f/3 = 0.39 radians
b = Inclination of the earth fill surface with horizontal = 0.00 radians
Hence, dry unit wt of soil shall be considered.
2
gs = Unit weight of Soil at normal case = 20.00 kN/m
Surcharge = = 20.00 kN/m2
Active earth pressure coefficient at Rest = K0 1-Sinf/1-sinf = 0.271
Earth pressure = gs * height of wall * Ka
Height abutment wall 10.690 m
Horz. earth pr. at top = 0.271*20*0*COS(0.39) = 0.000 kN/m2
Horz. earth pr. at foundation level = 0.271*20*10.690*COS(0.39) = 53.53 kN/m2
Earth pr. due to LL surcharge at top 0.271x20xcos(0.39) = 5.007 kN/m2
Summary of Earth pressure on Foundation bottom
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Force
Lever arm
Moment at
at centre of
Height (m) (kN/m centre of abut
abut
width) cap (kN-m/m)
At top At bottom cap(m)
a) Earth pressure 0.0 53.5 10.690 286.10 4.49 1284.55
b))Live load surcharge 5.0 5.0 10.690 53.53 5.35 1176.28

Summary of Force & moment due Earth pressure on Foundation bottom

Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Lever arm Moment at
Force
from bottom bottom of
Height (m) (kN/m Width (m) Force (kN)
of foundation
width)
At top At bottom foundation (kN-m/m)
a) Earth pressure 0.0 53.5 10.690 286.10 11.5 3290.20 4.49 14772.33
b))Live load surcharge 5.0 5.0 10.690 53.53 11.5 615.57 5.345 3290.20
Total 615.57 3290.20

Summary of Force & moment due Earth pressure on Foundation top in long direction
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Force Lever arm Moment at
Height (m) (kN/m Width (m) Force (kN) from bottom bottom of
At top At bottom width) of foundation
a) Earth pressure 0.0 53.5 9.1 243.28 11.5 2797.74 3.82 10681.23
b))Live load surcharge 5.0 5.0 9.1 45.52 11.5 523.43 4.55 2379.00

Page No. 8 of 42
3.0 Live load calculation at normal case
Multiplication factor 1
Centrifugal Force Velocity, V = 100 kmph
Radius, R = 1000000 m
Acts at 1.2m m above deck level
Height of structure above bearing = 1.925 m
Horizontal
Centrifugal Force = 40000/r+150 = 0.0 kN
VerticalCentrifugal Force = 400 kN
Ecentricity due to Curvature = R[sin(f/2)/(f/2)-cos( or 2/3*R[-cos(f/2)]
Where, f = L/2R, R (left) = 1000000 m L (left) = 20 m
R (right) = 1000000 m L (right) = 0 m
Eccentricity due to curvature (left) = 0.000 m Right 0.000 m

3.1 MAXIMUM LONGITUDINAL MOMENT CASE

(a) HB Loading
1800 kN
0.45 7.55 1.45 0.5
1.45 3.5

11.35
Section showing location of wheeled loading
0 kN 5.124 CG of all loads =5.124m
4.55 4.874 from extreme right
170kN load.
C A
1800 kN
0.500 19.00 0.500

Rc = 1800+0-1,338.25 = 461.7 KN
RA = (19 - 4.87)/19x1800+(19 - 4.55)/19x0 = 1338.25 KN
R = R2 + R3 = = 1338.3 KN
Tranverse Eccentricity = 2.025 m
or = -0.575 m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 1800x0.2+0x0.05 = 450.00 KN
HorizForce,for right span Fh = 0 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of left span = 2272.24 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span = 0.00 KN
Centrifugal Force for left span = 0.0 KN
Centrifugal Force for right span = 0.0 KN
Value of " m " = 0.05 0.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of left span (R2) =mxRc = 180.52 KN
Horizontal force at Pier =Fh/2 = 90.26 KN

Total Longitudinal horizontal force on pier 225.00 KN

Total Tranverse Force horizontal force on pier = 0.04 KN
Transverse moment MT = 810.09 KN-m
or = -229.91 KN-m

Page No. 9 of 42
(b) 1-laneHA Loading
903.0 kN
0.45 7.55 1.45 0.5
1.45 2.5

0.84
11.35
Section showing location of Loading loading

9.5 9.25

C A
903 kN
0.500 19 0.5

Rc (free bearing)= 902.98217208358+0.00 - 463.373 = 439.61KN

RA (fixed bearing)= (19 - 9.25)/19x902.98217208358+(19 - 9.5)/19x= 463.37 KN
R = R2 + R3 = = 463.37 KN
Transverse eccentricity = 2.550m
or = -1.075m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 902.98217208358x0.2+x0.05 = 205KN
HorizForce,for right span Fh = 0
KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of left span = 2272.24 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span = 0.00KN
Centrifugal Force for left span = 0.0
KN
Centrifugal Force for right span = 0.0
KN
Value of " m " = 0.050.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of left span (R2) =mxRc = 136.78KN
Horizontal force at Pier =Fh/2 = 68.39KN
= KN
Total Longitudinal horizontal force on pier 205.00 KN
Total Tranverse Force horizontal force on pier = 0.04 KN
Transverse moment MT = 1020.09 KN-m
or = -429.91 KN-m

(i) HA+HB
1800 kN 902.982 kN
0.45 7.55 0.45 2.0
1.45 2.5
3.5 0.5
0.5
11.35
Section showing location of loading

8.841

C A
1800 kN
0.500 19 0.5
HA HB
Rc (free bearing)= 439.6 461.75 KN
RA (fixed bearing)= (19 - 8.84)/19x1800 463.4 1338.25 KN
R = R2 + R3 = 463.4 1338.3 KN
Eccentricity 0.025 m
or 0.975 m

Page No. 10 of 42
 Horiz Force,for left span Fh 360.00 180.60 KN
HorizForce,for right span Fh 0 0.00 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of left span 2272.24 2272.24 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span 0.00 0.00 KN
Total Live Load 1801.63 KN

Centrifugal Force for left span 0.0 0.04 KN

Centrifugal Force for right span 0.0 0.00 KN
Value of " m " 0.05 0.05 0.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of left span (R2) =mxRc 203.69 KN
Horizontal force at Pier =Fh/2 101.85 KN
OR
Total Longitudinal horizontal force on pier 101.85 KN
Total Tranverse Force horizontal force on pier 0.04 KN
Transverse moment MT 10.09 KN-m
or = 390.09 KN-m
SUMMARY OF LIVE LOADS & MOMENTS
2lane
COMPONENTS HB HA
Class-A
1.0 Vertical Load V 1338.25 463.37 1801.63
2.0 Transverse Ecc. eT 2.025 2.550 0.025
3.0 Transverse Moment MT 810.09 1020.09 10.09
or -229.91 -429.91 390.09
4.0 Longitudinal Ecc. eL 0.000 0.000 0.000
5.0 Difference in reaction 1338.25 463.37 1338.25
6.0 Longitudinal Moment ML 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.0 Horizontal Force HL 225.00 205.00 101.85
8.0 Horizontal Force HT 0.04 0.04 0.00

3.2 Summary of Live load Live Loads - Normal case

Load Case Vertical Horizontal Force (kN) ML (KN- MT (KN- or
Load V HL HT m) m)
Case 1 : Max. M L Case (LL2)
a) HB 1338.25 225.00 0.04 0.00 810.09 -229.91
b) HA 463.37 205.00 0.04 0.00 1020.09 -429.91
d) HA+HB 1801.63 225.00 0.00 0.00 10.09 390

Page No. 11 of 42
5.0 Design of Abutment Cap & front wall
2.800 2.800 2.800

Abutment cap 0.60

11.50

Abutment wall
& Counterfort

Foundation slab
13.500 1.60

Elevation of abutment, abutment cap along Transverse direction

0.600
1.300

1.300

9.500 Foundation slab 1.60

Elevation of Pier cap, Pier along Longitudinal direction

5.1 Calculation of moment & shear on Abutment cap :-

Abutment cap is continuously supported on front wall and all pedestal/ bearing centre line is located at centre
of front wall, transverse moment shear force is zero. Longitudinal dispersion and its effect is negligible.
Tranv. Moment on abutment cap = 0.00 kN-m
Tranv. shear on abutment cap = 0.80 kN-m
0.00
5.1.1 Check for ultimate strength of Abutment cap :-
0.00350 12.00
0 965 kN
61.87
= 600 NA NA
72
1300 0.0264 965 kN
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

Grade Concrete = M30 Grade of steel Fe 460

Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 28000 MPa Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Width of the section = 1300 mm Depth of the section = 600 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Main dia of bar used = 20 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 12 mm Effective depth, d = 524 mm
R = Mu/bd2 = 0.00 MPa Design Moment =0 kN-m
Mu,Lim/bd2 0.15xfck = 4.5 MPa Ast Mu/0.87fyZ = 0.0 mm2
Z= (1-1.1fyAs/fcu bd)d 492.6962 mm
Min. reinforcement not less than 0.0015btd = 1021.8 mm2
Hence provide

Page No. 12 of 42
 Effective Strain at
Diameter CG Distance Stress at ULS
Layer Nos Area (mm2) Depth , d ULS
(mm) (mm) condition
(mm) condition
a1 = 16 12 2412.74 62.00 538.00 0.02694 400.00
a2 0 3 0.00 62.00 538.00 0.02694 400.00
Total Area= 2412.74 mm2 CG = 538 mm Force 965 kN

At span
b1 = 16 12 2412.74 62.00 538.0 0.02694 400.00
b2 0 5 Force 965 kN

E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035

E of concrete = 28000 MPa Min strain in steel = 0.00400
Balanced neutral axis depth = 244.50 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 61.9 mm
Strain in steel = 0.0261 Stress in steel = 400.0 MPa
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok Section is under reinforced, Hence ok
Total ultimate compressive force = 965 kN Total ultimate tensile force == 965 kN
Compressive force CG 30.93 mm Moment of resistance = 476 kNm
> 0 kNm Hence O.K.

5.1.2 Shear design

Vu = Design Shear Force of the concrete section = 0.8 kN
v= Vu/bd = 0.0012 MPa
vc= 0.27/gm*(100Ast*fcu/bwd)1/3 gm = 1.25 0.5 MPa
zs min of (500/d)0.25 or 0.7 0.7
Min shear reinf reqd
Asv, Reqd 194.9025
Hence Provide 2 -L 12 dia Stirrups @ 150 c/c
2 -L 12 dia
Asv, provided = 452.39 mm2 Asv/s, provided = 3.016 mm
OK
Longitudinal reinforcement for shear Asa= V/2*(0.87*fy)
0.9995 mm2

5.2 Details of Pedestal

Size of pedestal = 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 300 mm (min)
Minimum reinforcement for pedestal column = 0.15 %
Area of reinf reqd. = 1500 mm2
Hence provide Main reinforcement 24 Nos. 12 T Ast, provided 2714 mm2
Links 6L- 8 @ 100 c/c Hence O.K.
Mesh reinf 8T @ 75 c/c

Page No. 13 of 42
6.0 Load Combination at base of foundation for bearing capacity calculation
6.1 Water at HFL
Formation Level = 737.9 m
Bearing Level = 736.0 m
Abut Cap top Level = 735.6 m
Founding level = 727.2 m
CG level of Live Load = 739.1 m
CG level of superstructure = 737.2 m
CG level of SIDL = 738.1 m

6.1.1Load and Moment calculation about toe

SL. No. Description V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) eL (m) eT (m) ML (kN-m)MT (kN-
1 Dead load of Superstructure
2107.27 -3.15 -6638 -3064.18
Wt of Pedestal 38.00 -3.2 -120 0.00
Wt of abutment 9975.78 -49157 0.00
Wt of earth over fnd slab
10962.38 -65206 0.00
Total Dead load 23083.42 -121120 -3064.2
2 SIDL 239.59 1176.3 -1030 180.7
3 Earth pressure 3290 0 14772 0
4 Live load Surcharge 1119.30 -7650
616 3290
7 Footpath Live load 145.00 -3.15 -456.75 -645.3
8 Live load+ snow load - Normal case
1801.63 -3.15 -5675.12 10.09
Max. Longitudinal moment
225.00 0.00 8.76 8.76 1972.13 0.0

Page No. 14 of 42
6.1.2Summary of Load and Moment
a)Restoring Forces
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m)MT (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 9976 0.00 0.00 -49157 0.0
2 Dead Load 23083 0.00 0.00 -121120 -3064.2
3 SIDL 239.59 0.00 0.00 -1030 180.7
4 Earth pressure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
5 Live load surcharge 1119.30 0.00 0.00 -7650 0.00
6 Footpath Live load 145.00 -457 -645
7 Live load - Normal
Max. Tranverse moment 1801.63 0.00 0.00 -5675 10.1
b) Overturning Forces
ML MT
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN)
(kN-m) (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Dead Load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 SIDL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 Earth pressure 0.0 3290.2 0.0 14772.3 0
5 Live load surcharge 0.0 615.6 0.0 3290.2 0
6 Live load - Normal
Max. Tranverse moment 0.0 225.0 0.0 1972.1 0.0

6.1.3Load Combination
1) Dead load of abutmwnt
2) Dead load of abutmwnt + Earth pressure
3) Dead load +Earth pressure
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge

Wind on Wind on
Earth Live load Long. Tranv. vertical
Load Case DL SIDL LL unloaded loaded
Pressure surcharge Seismic Seismic seismic.
structure structure

1 1
Normal 2 1 1
Case 3 1 1.2 1
4 1 1.2 1 1 1.1

Page No. 15 of 42
 Summary of load & moments
Restoring Forces Overturning Forces
Load Case ML ML (kN-
V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) MT (kN-m) V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) MT (kN-m)
(kN-m) m)
1 9976 0 0 -49157 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 23083 0 0 -121120 -3064 0 3290 0 14772 0
3 23371 0 0 -122356 -2847 0 3290 0 14772 0
4 26632 0 0 -136751 -3546 0 4153 0 20232 0
6.2 Stability Check
Factor of Safety Normal case
Check against Sliding = 1.5
Check against Overturning = 2.0
Bearing pressure = 300.0 kN/m2

a) Check against Sliding

Vertical Load Total load - wt of PCC & earth over foundation = W-w1 kN
Horizontal Long Active Force = EaL kN
Horizontal Tranverse Earth Force = EaT kN
Horizontal Active Force = sqrt(EaL^2+EaT^2) = Ea kN
Horizontal Passive Earth Force = Ep kN
Friction coefficient between soil and concrete (m) = 0.50 Contact between soil & concrete
0.70 Contact between fissured rock & concrete
0.80 Contact between hard rock & concrete
Factor of Safety = Wsxm/(Ea-Ep) > 1.50
Consider Friction coefficient between soil and concrete (m) 0.7
(b) Check against Overturning
Restoring Moment due to vertical loads = Rw kN-m =sqrt(RaL^2+RaT^2)
Overturning Moment due to Earth pressure & force = Oa kN-m =sqrt(OaL^2+OaT^2)
Restoring Moment due to Horz. Passive Earth Force = Rp kN-m
Total Restoring Moment ( R) = Rw+Rp kN-m
Total Overturning Moment( O) = Oa kN-m
Factor of Safety = R/O > 2.00

(c) Check Bearing Pressure

Total Vertical Load = W kN
Total Restoring Moment = RaL kN-m
Total Overturning long Moment = OaL kN-m
Base Width (B) = 9.5 m
Length of Abutment (L) = 13.5 m
Centre of Gravity of Vertical Load about Toe = (RaL-OaL)/W m
C.G. of Vertical Load about Centre of Base (eL) = (B/2-e) m < B/6
Total Overturning Tranverse Moment ( OT) = OaT kN-m
C.G. of Vertical Load about Centre of Base (eT) = (RaT+OaT)/W m
Base Pressure at heel = W/BxL-6xWxe L/(LxB^2)-6xWxeT/(L^2xB) > 0
Base Pressure at toe = W/BxL+6xWxeL/(LxB^2)+6xWxeT/(L^2xB) < Bearing pressure

a) Check against Sliding

Wsxm/
Load Case W EaL EaT Ea Ep m Check
(Ea-Ep)
1 -987 0 0 0 0 0.50 Not Rqd. > 1.50 OK.
2 13108 3290 0 3290 0 0.50 1.99 > 1.50 OK.
3 13395 3290 0 3290 0 0.50 2.04 > 1.50 OK.
4 16656 4153 0 4153 0 0.50 2.01 > 1.50 OK.

Page No. 16 of 42
 (b) Check against Overturning
(Ra+Rp)/
Load Case RaL RaT Ra OaL OaT Oa Rp Check
Oa
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not Rqd. > 2.00 OK.
2 -71963 -3064 72028 14772 0 14772 0 4.88 > 2.00 OK.
3 -73199 -2847 73254 14772 0 14772 0 4.96 > 2.00 OK.
4 -87594 -3546 87666 20232 0 20232 0 4.33 > 2.00 OK.

(c) Check Bearing Pressure

Base Width (B) = 9.5 m B/6 = 1.583 m
Length of Abutment (L) = 13.5 m B/6 = 2.250 m

Load Base pr. at Heel Base pr. at Toe

W RaL OaL RaT OaT eL eT Check
Case (kN/m2) (kN/m2)

Valley Valley
Hill side Hill side
side side
1 9976 -49157 0 0 0 -0.178 0.000 87 87 69 69 OK
2 23083 -121120 14772 -3064 0 0.143 -0.133 174 153 207 186 OK
3 23371 -122356 14772 -2847 0 0.147 -0.122 175 155 209 189 OK
4 26632 -136751 20232 -3546 0 0.375 -0.133 171 146 269 245 OK

Max. base pressure Design base pressure

Maximum bearing capacity at Normal case = 269.1 kN/m2 = 269.1 kN/m2

Design bearing capacity = 269.1 kN/m2 < = 300.0 kN/m2

Hence O.K.

Page No. 17 of 42
7.0 Design of Foundation slab
7.1 Ultimate limit state
Formation Level = 737.9 m
Bearing Level = 736.0 m
Abut Cap top Level = 735.6 m
Founding level = 727.2 m
CG level of Live Load = 739.1 m
CG level of superstructure = 737.2 m
CG level of SIDL = 738.1 m

7.1.1Load and Moment calculation about toe

SL. Description V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) eL (m) eT (m) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-
1 Dead load of Superstructure
2107.27 -3.15 -6637.9 -3064.18
Wt of Pedestal 38.00 -3.15 -119.7 0.00
Wt of abutment 9975.8 -49156.8 0.00
Wt of earth over fnd slab
10962.4 -65205.6 0.00
Total Dead load 23083.4 -121120.0 -3064.2
2 SIDL 239.6 1176.3 -1029.7 180.7
3 Earth pressure 3290 0.0 14772.3 0
4 Live load Surcharge 1119.3 -7650.4
616 1172 3290.2
7 Footpath Live load 145.0 -456.8 -645.3
8 Live load - Normal case
1801.6 -3.15 -5675.1 10.09
Max. Longitudinal moment
225.00 0.00 8.76 8.76 1972.1 0.0

7.1.2Summary of Load and Moment

a)Restoring Forces
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m)MT (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 9976 0.00 0.00 -49157 0.0
2 Dead Load 13108 0.00 0.00 -71963 -3064
3 SIDL 239.59 0.00 0.00 -1030 180.7
4 Earth pressure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
5 Live load surcharge 1119.30 0.00 0.00 -7650 0.00
6 Footpath Live load 145.00 0.00 0.00 -457 -645
7 Live load - Normal
Max. Tranverse moment 1801.63 0.00 0.00 -5675 10.1

b) Overturning Forces
ML MT
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN)
(kN-m) (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Dead Load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 SIDL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 Earth pressure 0.0 3290.2 0.0 14772.3 0
5 Live load surcharge 0.0 615.6 0.0 3290.2 0.0
6 Live load - Normal
Max. Tranverse moment 0.0 225.0 0.0 1972.1 0.0

Page No. 18 of 42
7.1.3Load Combination
1) Dead load of abutmwnt
2) Dead load of abutmwnt + Earth pressure
3) Dead load +Earth pressure
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge
Earth Earth
Live load
Load Case DL SIDL Pressure Pressure LL
surcharge
Vertical Lateral
1 1.15
Normal 2 1.15 1.2 1.5
Case 3 1.15 1.2 1.5
4 (a) 1.15 1.75 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3
4 (b) 1.15 1.75 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3
Summary of load & moments
Restoring Forces Overturning Forces
Load
ML ML (kN- MT (kN-
Case V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) MT (kN-m) V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN)
(kN-m) m) m)

1 11472 0 0 -56530 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 15074 0 0 -82758 -3524 0 4935 0 22158 0
3 15074 0 0 -82758 -3524 0 4935 0 22158 0
4 (a) 19703 0 0 -104007 -4033 0 6151 0 29658 0
4 (b) 19703 0 0 -104007 -4033 0 6151 0 29658 0
7.1.4 Bearing Pressure
Base Width (B) = 9.50 m
Length of Abutment (L) = 13.50 m
Base pr. at Heel Base pr. at Toe
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
Valle
Load Valley
Case
W RaL OaL RaT OaT eL eT Hill side Hill side y
side
side
1 11472 -56530 0 0 0 -0.178 0.000 99 99 79 79
2 15074 -82758 22158 -3524 0 0.730 -0.234 76 51 184 159
3 15074 -82758 22158 -3524 0 0.730 -0.234 76 51 184 159
4 (a) 19703 -104007 29658 -4033 0 0.976 -0.205 73 45 262 234
4 (b) 19703 -104007 29658 -4033 0 0.976 -0.205 73 45 262 234

Page No. 19 of 42
7.1.5 Effective pressure on base slab At first center of box = 2.850 m
Tranverse width = 13.500 m
Heel side
Toe side
1.6 A B C D
1.6
5.700
5.700 2.500
9.500

Wt.of base slab*1.35 46 kN/m2 46 46 kN/m2 46 kN/m2

Wt.of earth fill*1.5 218.2 kN/m2 218.2 102.0 kN/m2 102.0 kN/m2
Base pressure 99.5 kN/m2 87.4 84.7 kN/m2 79.4 kN/m2
Total pr. 164.7 kN/m2 176.7 63.3 kN/m2 68.6 kN/m2
Minimum pressure at 1.0m strip
Moment
Avg. Base Avg. Base Eff. Base Eff. Base pr. Eff. Base Eff. Base Shear
Load Base pr. at Base pr. at at Moment at Shear
pr. at Heel pr. at Toe pr. At A At B pr. At C pr. At D heel
Case B(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) heel(kN- toe(kN-m) toe(kN)
'A' (kN/m2) 'D' (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN)
m)

1 99 87 85 79 -53.5 -41.4 -803.7 -38.7 -33.4 -115.4 63.58 59.36

2 70 135 150 179 193.8 128.8 2795.8 -2.3 -30.8 -36.7 197.5 3.46
3 70 135 150 179 193.8 128.8 2795.8 -2.3 -30.8 -36.7 197.5 3.46
4 (a) 67 181 207 256 197.2 83.5 2588.3 -58.6 -108.4 -235 128.1 89.86
4 (b) 67 181 207 256 197.2 83.5 2588.3 -58.6 -108.4 -235 128.1 89.86
Maximum 2795.8 -36.7 197.5 89.9
Minimum -803.7 -235
Maximum pressure At first center of box = 6.750 m
Moment
Avg. Base Avg. Base Eff. Base Eff. Base pr. Eff. Base Eff. Base Shear
Load Base pr. at Base pr. at at Moment at Shear
pr. at Heel pr. at Toe pr. At A At B pr. At C pr. At D heel
Case B(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) heel(kN- toe(kN-m) toe(kN)
'A' (kN/m2) 'D' (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN)
m)

1 99 87 85 79 -53.5 -41.4 -803.7 -38.7 -33.4 -115.4 63.58 59.36

2 63 128 143 172 200.8 135.8 2910.5 4.8 -23.7 -14.7 208.3 7.37
3 63 128 143 172 200.8 135.8 2910.5 4.8 -23.7 -14.7 208.3 7.37
4 (a) 59 173 199 248 205.3 91.6 2719.5 -50.5 -100.4 -210 140.5 77.47
4 (b) 59 173 199 248 205.3 91.6 2719.5 -50.5 -100.4 -210 140.5 77.47
Maximum 2910.5 -14.7 208.3 77.5
Minimum -803.7 -210

Page No. 20 of 42
7.1.7 Check for ultimate strength of foundation slab in Flexure :-
Consider rectangular beam for design
1000 0.00350 12.00
3785 kN
315.39
NA NA
1534

0.0135 3785 kN
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
a) Support moment
Grade Concrete = M30 Grade of steel = Fe 460
Width of the section = 1000 mm Depth of the section = 1600 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Main dia of bar used = 32 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 0 mm Effective depth, d = 1534 mm
R = Mu/bd2 = 1.188 MPa Design Moment = 2796 kN-m
Mu,Lim/bd0.15xfck = 4.5 MPa Ast Mu/0.87fyZ = 5083.0 mm2
Z= (1-1.1fyAs/fcu bd)d 1374.41 mm
Min. reinforcement not less than 0.0015btd = 2301.0 mm2
Hence provide 32 dia @ 85 c/c Ast = 9461.7 mm2
0 dia @ 85 c/c > Hence O.K.
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035
E of concrete = 28000 MPa Min strain in steel = 0.0040
Balanced neutral axis depth = 715.8 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 315.39 mm
Strain in steel = 0.01352 Stress in steel = 400.0 MPa
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok
Total ultimate compressive force= 3785 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 3785 kN
Compressive force CG 157.70 mm Moment of resistance = 5209 kNm
> 2796 kNm Hence O.K.
Flexure Design
ULS DESIGN
Description
Heel slab Toe Slab
(+ve) (-ve) (+ve) (-ve)
Moment 2910.5 803.7 0.0 235.0
Width 1000 1000 1000 1000
Depth 1509 1534 1509 1534
R = Mu/bd2 1.28 0.34 0.00 0.10
Z=(1-1.1fyAs/fcu bd)d 1349.4 1214.8 1189.8 1214.8
Ast required for bending 5389.4 1653.1 0.0 483.4
Ast required for shear 112.3 112.3 112.3 112.3
Total Ast required 5501.7 1765.3 112.3 595.6
1st layers 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia
Reinf provided 85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c
2nd layers 0 dia 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia
85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c
Ast provided 9461.7 18923.5 18923.5 18923.5
Actual NA 315 631 631 631
Strain in steel 0.0132 0.0050 0.0049 0.0050
Stress in steel 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0
Total tension = 3785 7569 7569 7569
Total compression 3785 7569 7569 7569
Difference of force 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 157.7 315.4 315.4 315.4
Moment of resistance 5114 9224 9035 9224
Factor of Safety 1.76 11.48 NR 39.25
Pt 0.0063 0.0123 0.0125 0.0123

Page No. 21 of 42
 c) Shear design
Vu = Design Shear Force of the concrete section = 89.9 kN
v= Vu/bd = 0.0586 MPa
vc= 0.27/gm*(100Ast*fcu/bwd)1/3 gm = 1.25 0.6 MPa
zs max of (500/d)0.25 or 0.7 0.8
No shear reinf reqd
Longitudinal reinforcement for shear Asa= V/2*(0.87*fy)
112.271 mm2

7.2 Servicebility limit State Method

a)Restoring Forces

Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m)MT (kN-m)

1 Wt of abutment 9975.8 0.0 0.0 -49157 0.0
2 Dead Load 13107.6 0.0 0.0 -71963 -3064
3 SIDL 239.6 0.0 0.0 -1030 180.7
4 Earth pressure 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0
5 Live load surcharge 1119.3 0.0 0.0 -7650 0.0
6 Live load - Normal
Max. Tranverse moment 1801.6 0.0 0.0 -5675 10.1

b) Overturning Forces
ML MT
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN)
(kN-m) (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Dead Load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 SIDL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 Earth pressure 0.0 3290.2 0.0 14772.3 0
5 Live load surcharge 0.0 615.6 0.0 3290.2 0.0
6 Live load - Normal
Max. Tranverse moment 0.0 225.0 0.0 1972.1 0.0

Page No. 22 of 42
7.2.1Load Combination
Load Combination (SL1)
Service stage stage
1) Dead load of abutmwnt
2) Dead load of abutmwnt + Earth pressure
3) Dead load +Earth pressure+SIDL
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge
5) Dead load +SIDL+Earth pressure+wind load (unloaded structure)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge+wind load(loaded structure)

Load Earth Live load

DL SIDL LL
Case Pressure surcharge

1 1
2 (a) 1 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1
3 (b) 1 1.2 1
4 (a) 1 1.2 1 1 1
4 (b) 1 1.2 1 1 1

Summary of load & moments

Restoring Forces Overturning Forces
Load
Case ML ML (kN- MT (kN-
V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) MT (kN-m) V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN)
(kN-m) m) m)

1 9976 0 0 -49157 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 (a) 13108 0 0 -71963 -3064 0 3290 0 14772 0
3 (a) 13395 0 0 -73199 -2847 0 3290 0 14772 0
3 (b) 13395 0 0 -73199 -2847 0 3290 0 14772 0
4 (a) 16316 0 0 -86524 -2837 0 4131 0 20035 0
4 (b) 16316 0 0 -86524 -2837 0 4131 0 20035 0

Page No. 23 of 42
7.2.2 Bearing Pressure
Base Width (B) = 9.50 m
Length of Abutment (L) = 13.50 m Base pr. at Heel Base pr. at Toe
Valle
Load Valley
W RaL OaL RaT OaT eL eT Hill side Hill side y
Case side
side
Rare Combination
1 9976 -49157 0 0 0 -0.178 0.000 87 87 69 69
2 (a) 13108 -71963 14772 -3064 0 0.387 -0.234 88 67 138 117
3 (a) 13395 -73199 14772 -2847 0 0.388 -0.213 89 69 140 120
3 (b) 13395 -73199 14772 -2847 0 0.388 -0.213 89 69 140 120
4 (a) 16316 -86524 20035 -2837 0 0.675 -0.174 83 63 191 172
4 (b) 16316 -86524 20035 -2837 0 0.675 -0.174 83 63 191 172
5 (a) 13395 -73199 14772 -2847 0 0.388 -0.213 89 69 140 120
5 (b) 13395 -73199 14772 -2847 0 0.388 -0.213 89 69 140 120
6 (a) 16316 -86524 20035 -2837 0 0.675 -0.174 83 63 191 172
6 (b) 16316 -86524 20035 -2837 0 0.675 -0.174 83 63 191 172
6 (c) 16316 -86524 20035 -2837 0 0.675 -0.174 83 63 191 172
6 (d) 16316 -86524 20035 -2837 0 0.675 -0.174 83 63 191 172

7.2.3 Effective pressure on base slab At first center of box = 2.850 m

Tranverse width = 13.500 m
Heel side
Toe side
1.6 A B C D
1.6
5.700
5.700 2.500
9.500

Wt.of base slab 40 kN/m2 40 40 kN/m2 40 kN/m2

Wt.of earth fill 181.8 kN/m2 181.8 68.0 kN/m2 68.0 kN/m2
Minimum pressure at 1.0m strip
Moment
Avg. Base Avg. Base Eff. Base Eff. Base pr. Eff. Base Eff. Base
Load Base pr. at Base pr. at at Moment at
pr. at Heel pr. at Toe pr. At A At B pr. At C pr. At D
Case B(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) heel(kN- toe(kN-m)
'A' (kN/m2) 'D' (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
m)

1 87 76 74 69 -46.5 -36.0 -698.8 -33.7 -29.1 -100.4

2 (a) 83 113 120 133 138.5 108.5 2086.9 -12.2 -25.3 -51.7
3 (a) 85 115 122 136 137.3 106.6 2063.8 -14.3 -27.8 -58.7
3 (b) 85 115 122 136 137.3 106.6 2063.8 -14.3 -27.8 -58.7
4 (a) 79 144 159 187 143.2 78.1 1973.1 -50.6 -79.1 -188
4 (b) 79 144 159 187 143.2 78.1 1973.1 -50.6 -79.1 -188
5 (a) 85 115 122 136 137.3 106.6 2063.8 -14.3 -27.8 -59
5 (b) 85 115 122 136 137.3 106.6 2063.8 -14.3 -27.8 -59
6 (a) 79 144 159 187 143.2 78.1 1973.1 -50.6 -79.1 -188
6 (b) 79 144 159 187 143.2 78.1 1973.1 -50.6 -79.1 -188
6 (c) 79 144 159 187 143.2 78.1 1973.1 -50.6 -79.1 -188
6 (d) 79 144 159 187 143.2 78.1 1973.1 -50.6 -79.1 -188
Maximum 2086.9 -52
Minimum -698.8 -188

Page No. 24 of 42
 Maximumpressure At first center of box = 6.750 m
Moment
Avg. Base Avg. Base Eff. Base Eff. Base pr. Eff. Base Eff. Base
Load Base pr. at Base pr. at at Moment at
pr. at Heel pr. at Toe pr. At A At B pr. At C pr. At D
Case B(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) heel(kN- toe(kN-m)
'A' (kN/m2) 'D' (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
m)

1 87 76 74 69 -46.5 -36.0 -698.8 -33.7 -29.1 -100.4

2 (a) 77 107 114 127 144.6 114.6 2511.1 -74.0 -87.2 -218
3 (a) 79 110 117 130 143.0 112.3 2489.3 -76.6 -90.1 -225
3 (b) 79 110 117 130 143.0 112.3 2489.3 -76.6 -90.1 -225
4 (a) 73 138 153 181 148.8 83.8 2770.1 -112.9 -141.4 -323
4 (b) 73 138 153 181 148.8 83.8 2770.1 -112.9 -141.4 -323
5 (a) 79 110 117 130 143.0 112.3 2489.3 -76.6 -90.1 -225
5 (b) 79 110 117 130 143.0 112.3 2489.3 -76.6 -90.1 -225
6 (a) 73 138 153 181 148.8 83.8 2770.1 -112.9 -141.4 -323
6 (b) 73 138 153 181 148.8 83.8 2770.1 -112.9 -141.4 -323
6 (c) 73 138 153 181 148.8 83.8 2770.1 -112.9 -141.4 -323
6 (d) 73 138 153 181 148.8 83.8 2770.1 -112.9 -141.4 -323
Maximum 2770.1 -100.4
Minimum -698.8 -323

7.3. Servicebility limit State Method

7.3.1. Flexure member At toe
Grade Concrete = M30 Design moment = 2086.9 kN-m
Bending Compression of concrete15.00= Mpa Grade of steel = Fe 460
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete = 28000 MPa
Ec, eff =Ecm /2 = 14000 MPa
Modular ratio =Es/Ecm = 14.29 Tensile stress of steel = 345 Mpa
Width of Section = 1000 mm Depth of Section = 1600 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Effective depth, d = 1534 mm
not less than 0.0015btd
Minimum reinforcement = 2301.00 mm2
Hence provide 32 dia @ 85 c/c Ast = 9461.7 mm2
0 dia @ 85 c/c > Hence O.K.
Balanced neutral axis depth == 587.74 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 522.83 mm 0.0
Strain in steel = 0.00081 MPa Stress in steel = 162.2 MPa
Strain in steel = 0.00587 MPa Comp. stress of concrete = 5.87 Mpa 0.0
Stress-strain diagram at Serviceability Limit State condition
0.00042 5.87
1534.83
523

NA NA

162.21
0.00081
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok =
Total compressive force= 1534.8 kN Total tensile force = 1534.8 kN
Compressive force CG = 174.3 mm Moment of resistance = 2086.9 kNm

Page No. 25 of 42
 SLS
Heel slab Toe Slab
Description
(+ve) (-ve) (+ve) (-ve)

h or D 1600 1600 1600 1600

b 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 1509 1534 1509 1534
Moment 2770.14 698.85 0.00 323.11
Reinf provided 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia
85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c
0 dia 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia
85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c 85 c/c
Ast provided 9461.7 18923.5 18923.5 18923.5
Stress in concrete 8.0 1.6 0.0 0.7 Stress in concrete 8.0 Mpa OK
Actual NA 518 680 127 680 Stress in Steel 219.1 Mpa OK
Stress in steel 219.1 28.2 0.0 13.1
Total ultimate tensile force = 2073 535 0 247
Total ultimate compressive force 2073 535 0 247
Difference of force 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 172.6 226.5 42.4 226.5
Moment of resistance 2770 699 0 323
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Crack width check s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es= 219.07 / 200000 = 0.00110

< design yield strain of 0.002001
Overall depth of the section, h = 1600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1534.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 517.7 mm
Width of section, b = 1000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1000 * 1082.32 * 1082.32 / (3 * 200000 * 9461.74 * 1016.32)
= 0.00020

The effect of tension stiffening is taken

The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.046
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1000*1600*1082.32/(0.0011*9461.74*1082.32)*(1-0.046)*10^-9)
= 0.00056
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00117
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00096
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 85.34 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 92.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 70.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2 (a cr - c nom / (h - d c 
= 3 * 85.34 * 0.00096 / (1 + 2 * 15.34 / 1016.32) = 0.24 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

Tranverse Reinforcement
Minimum main reinf.not less than 0.0015btd = 2301.0 mm2/m

Minimum tranverse reinforcement Longitudinal direction = 9461.7 mm2/m

Hence provide 20 dia @ 100 c/c Ast provided = 3141.6 mm2
Hence OK.

Page No. 26 of 42
8.0 SUMMARY OF UNFACTORED LOAD IN ABUTMENT BASE
Vertical Load Horizontal Load Eccentricity Long Moment Trans Moment
S.No. Item
P (kN) H (kN) m Ml (kNm) Mt (kNm)
1 DL FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (DL1) 2107 0 0

2 DL FROM SUBTRUCTURE (DL2) 1960 0.4 740

3 SIDL FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (SIDL) 240 0 0

4 LIVE LOAD (LL) 1802 0 0 10

5 HORIZONTAL LL BRAKING (HL1) 225.0 1972

6 HORIZONTAL LL SURCHARGE (HL2) 523.4 2379

7 HORIZONTAL EARTH PRESSURE (EP) 2798 10681

Page No. 27 of 42
 9.0 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT SHAFT IN ULS (BASIC COMBINATION)
(COMBINATION FOR ADDING THE EFFECT OF VARIABLE LOADS)
FACTORED LOAD FOR ULS STRENGTH CHECK

Long Trans
LOAD Vertical Horizontal
S.No. Item Moment Ml Moment Mt
FACTOR Load P (kN) Load H (kN)
(kNm) (kNm)
1 DL FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (DL1) 1.15 2423 0 0 0
2 DL FROM SUBTRUCTURE (DL2) 1.15 2254 0 851 0
3 SIDL FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (SIDL) 1.75 419 0 0 0
4 LIVE LOAD (LL) 1.30 2342 0 0 13
5 HORIZONTAL LL BRAKING (HL1) 1.30 293 2564 0
6 HORIZONTAL LL SURCHARGE (HL2) 1.50 785 3568 0
7 HORIZONTAL EARTH PRESSURE (EP) 1.50 4197 16022 0
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ULS STRENGTH CHECK

Trans
Vertical Load Horizontal Long Moment
S.No. Item Moment Mt
P (kN) Load H (kN) Ml (kNm)
(kNm)
1 COMB 1: DL2+EP 2254 4197 16873 0
2 COMB 2: DL1+DL2+SIDL+EP 5097 4197 16873 0
3 COMB 3: DL1+DL2+SIDL+EP+LL+HL1 7439 4489 19436 13
4 COMB 4: DL1+DL2+SIDL+EP+HL2 5097 4982 20441 0
5 COMB 5: DL1+DL2+SIDL+EP+LL+HL1+HL2 7439 5274 23005 13

Page No. 28 of 42
Length of Abutment: 11.5 m
Abutment stem thickness at bottom: 1.30 m
Area of the section: 14.95 m2
Cantilever Wall
Grade of Concrete: M30
Grade of steel: Fe460
"E" value for concrete: 28000 MPa
"E" value for concrete: 200000 MPa
Design compressive streangth of Concrete: 12.00 MPa
Design Peak Strength of Steel: 400.00 MPa
Concrete failure strain: 0.0035
Concrete limiting strain: 0.002
Yield strain of steel: 0.00200
Limiting strain of steel: 0.00400

ANALYSIS OF THE SECTION

Provide 25 dia bar 57 nos = 27980 mm2 (EARTH FACE) 20 dia bar 10 nos = 3142 mm2
+ 25 dia bar 57 nos = 27980 mm2 20 dia bar 10 nos = 3142 mm2
Effective cover to each side = = 72.5 mm
Effective depth in longitudnal direction = 1227.5 mm Effective depth in Transverse direction = 11427.5 mm
Percentage of Steel Provided = 0.656

Provide 20 dia bar 114 nos = 35814 mm2 (NON EARTH FACE)

Page No. 29 of 42
 ULS CASE FOR LOAD CASE-(ii)
SL NO ANALYSIS STEP
COMB 1 COMB 2 COMB 3 COMB 4 COMB 5 COMB 1 COMB 2 COMB 3 COMB 4 COMB 5
1 Applied Vertical load (NEd in kN)= 2254 5097 7439 5097 7439 0 0 0 0 0
Applied Long moment M2x (MEdx in
16873 16873 19436 20441 23005
2 kNm)= 0 0 0 0 0
Applied Transverse moment M2y
0 0 13 0 13
3 (MEdy in kNm)= 0 0 0 0 0
4 Resisting Vertical load Long(NRdx inkN)= 2254 5097 7439 5097 7439 9638.907841 11258.6 11556.76 11258.6 11556.76
5 Resisting Vertical load Trans (Nrdy in kN)= 2254 5097 7439 5097 7439 2953.84143 4559.274 4794.458 4559.274 4794.458

6 Resisting Long moment (MRdx in kNm)= 28780 30303 31561 30303 31561 32742.35385 33581.78 33736.22 33581.78 33736.22
7 Resisting Trans moment (MRdy in kNm)= 201240 211978 220527 211978 220527 203921.814 209983.9 210859 209983.9 210859
8 Design Axial Resistance (NRd in kN) 241048 241048 241048 241048 241048 204297.1218 204297.1 204297.1 204297.1 204297.1
0.009 0.021 0.031 0.021 0.031
9 Ned/NRd= 0 0 0 0 0
10 a= 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

11 Neutral axis depth long in mm= 140 150 159 150 159 170.5989127 188.3928 192.7063 188.3928 192.7063
12 Neutral axis depth Trans in mm= 2057 2207 2331 2207 2331 2095.054151 2179.593 2191.838 2179.593 2191.838
13 Difference of vertical load in long= 0 0 0 0 0 -9638.90784 -11258.6 -11556.8 -11258.6 -11556.8

14 Difference of vertical load in Trans= 0 0 0 0 0 -2953.84143 -4559.27 -4794.46 -4559.274 -4794.46

Interaction ratio=
0.586 0.557 0.616 0.675 0.729
15 (MEdx/MRdx)^a+(MEdy/MRdy)^a 0 0 0 0 0

16 DESIGN STATUS OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

Page No. 30 of 42
Check for Min & Max Reinforcement in abutment wall
Abutment width = 1.30 m height/Smaller dim = 11.96 < 12
Abutment Length = 11.5 m Abutment to be considered as Short wall type
Height 6.76 m
Min Area of Vertical reinforcement = 0.0015Ac 0.022425 m2 22425 mm2 OK
Max Area of Vertical reinforcement = 0.04Ac 0.598 m2 598000 mm2 OK
Area of Vertical reinforcement actually provided = 98057 mm2

Area of Vertical reinforcement actually provided in either face= 35814 mm2

Min Area of Vertical reinforcement in either face= 0.0012Ac 17940 mm2 OK

Min dia of vertical reinforcement provided = 20 mm OK

Horizontal Reinforcement
.0015% of total reinforcement = 22425 mm2

Min Area of horizontal reinforcement = 22425 mm2

Let provide horizontal reinforcement as 16 dia bar 150.0 mm C/C 3082.9 mm2
Also provide 12 dia link alternately staggered = 49423.5 mm2
Total = 52506.5 mm2 OK

Min Dia of hor reinf = 12 mm OK

Max spacing of hor bar = 300 mm OK

Page No. 31 of 42
LOAD FOR STRESS & CRACK WIDTH CHECK
Vertical Load Horizontal Horizontal Long Trans
S.No. Item
P (kN) Load HL Load HT (kN) Moment ML Moment Mt
1 DL FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (DL1) 2107 0 0 0
2 DL FROM SUBTRUCTURE (DL2) 1960 0 740 0
3 SIDL FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (SIDL) 240 0 0 0
4 LIVE LOAD (LL) 1802 0 0 10
5 HORIZONTAL LL BRAKING (HL1) 225 1972 0
6 HORIZONTAL LL SURCHARGE (HL2) 523 2379 0
7 HORIZONTAL EARTH PRESSURE (EP) 2798 10681 0

Load Combination for (SL1)

1) Dead load +SIDL+WL
2) Dead load +SIDL+EP+LL Surcharge+Live load+EP+WL
Wind on Wind on
Load Case DL SIDL Earth pressure LL LL surcharge unloaded loaded
structure structure

Rare Combination
1 1.0 1.2 1
2 (a) 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1
2 (b) 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1

Load Case V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m) Meq (kN-m)

1 4354.98 0.00 0.00 739.79 0.00 739.79
2 (a) 6156.60 3546.18 0.00 15772.15 10.09 15772.15
2 (b) 6156.60 3546.18 0.00 15772.15 10.09 15772.15

Page No. 32 of 42
 Load Combination
Dead load +SIDL
Dead load+SIDL+Earth pressure
Dead load+SIDL+Earth pressure
Load Case DL SIDL EP
1 1 1.2
2 1 1.2 1
2 1 1.2 1

Load Case V (kN) HL (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m) Meq (kN-m)

1 4354.98 0.00 739.79 0.00 739.79
2 4354.98 2797.74 11421.03 0.00 11421.03
3 4354.98 2797.74 11421.03 12.11 11421.03

Stress check for Servicibility Limit State Uniaxial check

Reinforcement
Hence provide main reinforcement = 57 Nos. 25 T at earth face
= 57 Nos. 25 T
= 114 Nos. 20 T at river side
= 20 Nos. 20 T

and Lateral ties 16 T @ 150 c/c

12 T @ 300 c/c
Asc provided = 98057 mm2
Percentage of steel = 0.66 %

Page No. 33 of 42
a Load Data
Axial Force (P) 6156.6 kN
Moment about major axis (M) 15772.2 kN-m
b Material Data
Grade of Concrete M30
Grade of Steel Fe460
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete (scc) 11.4 Mpa
Permissible bending tensile stress in concrete (sct) 3.067 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete (scb) 15.00 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel (sst) 345 Mpa
E of concrete 28000 MPa
Ec, eff =Ecm /2 14000 MPa
Modular Ratio 14.29
c Geometric data
Clear cover (d'') 50.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (compression) 76.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (tension) 103.50 mm
Width of column (B) 11500.00 mm
Depth of column (D) 1300.00 mm
Bar Diameter (f) 20.00 mm
Number of bars along width (compression) 114.00 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 35814.16 mm2
Bar Diameter (f) 25.00 mm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 57 Nos.
25.00 mm
57 Nos.
2
Reinforcement area (Ast) 55959.62 mm
Reinforcement % 0.61 (Ok)
Min reinforcement % 0.300
d Properties of uncracked section
2
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section 1.62E+07 mm
4
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 2.51E+12 mm
Calculated direct compressive stress (sco,cal) 0.38 Mpa
Calculated bending compressive stress (scb,cal) 4.09 Mpa
Interaction formula :
sco,cal / sco + scb,cal / scb  1.0 0.31 (Ok)
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (sct,cal) -3.71 Mpa

Page No. 34 of 42
 Design the section as cracked section
e Properties of cracked section
Neutral axis depth (n) 390.62 mm
2
Effective area of cracked section 5767364.38 mm
Eccentricity of load from the centroid of the effective section 321.95 mm
Net eccentricity 2239.88 mm
4
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 8.08216E+11 mm
Calculated distance of neutral axis below CGeff (ycal) 62.56 mm
Assumed distance of neutral axis below CGeff (yassumed) 62.56 mm
ycal-yassum 0.00
Stress at neutral axis 0.00
f Check for stress
Compressive stress in concrete (scbc) 6.66 Mpa < 15.00 (Safe)
Tensile stress in steel (ssbt) -203.13 Mpa < 345.00 (Safe)

Stress check for Servicibility Limit State

Vertical load (kN) Long moment Neutral axis Conc. Stress Tensile stress
(kN-m) (m) (Mpa) (Mpa)

1.0 4354.98 739.8 1304 0.50 0.680

2.0 6156.60 15772.2 390 6.68 -203.84 Stress in concrete 6.7 Mpa OK
3.0 6156.60 15772.2 390 6.68 -203.84 Stress in Steel 203.8 Mpa OK

i) 4354.98 739.8 1304 0.50 0.68

ii) 4354.98 11421.0 360.0 4.7 -145.6
ii) 4354.98 11421.0 360.0 4.7 -145.6

Page No. 35 of 42
Crack width check s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 203.84 / 200000 = 0.00102

< design yield strain of 0
Overall depth of the section, h = 1300.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1227.5 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1300.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 390.5 mm
Width of section, b = 11500.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 11500 * 909.54 * 909.54 / (3 * 200000 * 35814.16 * 837.04) = 0.00053

The effect of tension stiffening is taken

The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.363
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*11500*1300*909.54/(0.00102*55959.62*909.54)*(1-0.363)*10^-9) = 0.00063
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00111
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00058
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 102.64 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 103.50 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 76.00 mm
3a cr ε m
Design surface crack =
1 2 (a cr - c nom / (h - d c 
= 3 * 102.64 * 0.00058 / (1 + 2 * 26.64 / 837.04) = 0.167 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

Page No. 36 of 42
11.0 Design of Dirt wall
11.400 0.3 0.3

0.35
0.25
2.330 0.25

11.40

Elevation of Dirt wall Section of Dirt wall

11.1 Load Calculation

Dead load Weight (kN) Lever arm (m)
Dead load of slab = 149.63 -0.3 2.475 kN-m
Dirt wall 7.97 x 25 = 199.21 0 0 kN-m
Bracket 1.28 x 25 = 32.1 -0.3 1.71 kN-m
380.9 4.184 kN-m
SIDL = 68.60 -0.3 -20.58 kN-m
Live load Span = 3.5 m
Total Load On Deck Load (kN) 50% Impact Total (kN) Reaction (kN) Horiz. Force(kN)
HA Load 218.75 0.25 273.44 136.72 43.75
Footpath Live load 38.0625 38.06 19.03
Total 311.50 155.75 43.75
70R tracked load +FF Live load = 155.75 kN
Horz. bracking force = 51.36 kN
Frictional coefficient = 0.50
Horozontal force =mxRd or Hs/2 whicherever is more = 109.11 kN
Moment due to horizontal force = 169.32 kN-m
Earth Pressure
Earth pressure at top = 0 kN/m2 Earth pressure at top = 11.67 kN/m2
LL surcharge = 5.007 kN/m2
Force due to earth pressure = 154.95 kN Moment due to earth pressure = 151.63 kN-m
Force due to LL surcharge = 133.00 kN Moment due to LL surcharge = 154.95 kN-m

Ultimate limit state

1)
Earth
Load Case DL SIDL
pressure
LL LL surcharge

Normal 1 (a) 1.15 1.75 1.5 1.3 1.5

Case 1 (b) 1.15 1.75 1.5 1.3 1.5

Load
V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)
Case
1 (a) 760.56 573.77 0.00 648.78 0.00
1 (b) 760.56 573.77 0.00 648.78 0.00

Size of Pier Long = 0.300

Tranv = 11.400 m
A, Area of pier = 3.420 m2
I, min = 0.026 m4
r, min = sqrt(I/A) = 0.087 m
Height of pier = 2.330 m
Only pier condition L 2.3L = 5.359 m
L/r = 17.863
< 40
Hence, this is long Column
Minimum percentage of longitudinal steel = 0.4 %
Asc = 13680 mm2

Page No. 37 of 42
Hence provide main reinforcement 1 X 76 Nos. 12 T
1X 76 Nos. 16 T
10 T @ 150 c/c
Asc provided = 23876.10 mm2
Percentage of steel = 0.698 % Hence O.K

11.2 Design of wall in Ultimate Limit State

1. Material data
[a] Concrete data (parabolic rectangular stress-strain relation)
Characteristic strength = 30.0 MPa E value of concrete = 28000 MPa
Peak strain at failure ecu2 = 0.0035 Strain at peak stress ec2 = 0.0020
Partial factor of safety gc = 1.50
Design strength fcd = 12.00 MPa
[b] Reinforcement data (idealized elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain relation)
Grade of steel = 460.0 MPa E value of steel = 200000 MPa
Partial factor of safety gs = 1.15 Design strength of steel fsd = 400.00 MPa
Yield strain of steel = 0.0020 Failure strain of steel = 0.1600

2. Geometric details
[a] Dimension detail of column
Actual column length = 2.33 m Effective length multiplier = 2.30
Width of wall = 11400 mm Thickness of wall = 300 mm
Effective length of col l e = 5.36 m Slenderness ratio l = 17.86
[b] Reinforcement detail at column base
Diameter of long bars (L1) = 12.00 mm Number of long bars = 76
Diameter of long bars (L1) = 16.00 mm Number of long bars = 76
Area of long bars = 23876 mm2 Reinforcement % = 0.70 %
Diameter of spiral/hoop = 10.0 mm Spacing spiral/hoop S L = 150.0 mm
Mechanical reinf ratio w = 0.233 Normalized force ratio nu = 1.233
Cover to stirrups/ties = 50.0 mm Effective diameter of reinf. 168 mm

Page No. 38 of 42
 [c] Design bending moment
n=
Load N ed /(A c
N Ed (kN) M 0Ed (kNm) e 2 (m) M Ed (kNm)
case f cd )
1 (a) 760.56648.78 0.02 0.051 687.78
1 (b) 760.56648.78 0.02 0.051 687.78
d' = 56.000 d/h = 0.833
Pt = 0.698 % 100Asc/bh = 0.698
[d] Capacity of bending moment
Load MU/
N Ed (kN) P U / bD M U (kNm) Check M Ed (kNm)
case fckbD^2
1 760.56 0.222 1.100 1129 > 687.78 O.K.
2 760.56 0.222 1.100 1129 > 687.78 O.K.

11.3 Load Combination for (SL1)

1) Dead load +SIDL
2) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
Earth
Load Case DL SIDL LL LL surcharge
pressure
Rare Combination
1 1.0 1.2 1.0
2 (a) 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0
2 (b) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Load
V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)
Case
1 463.22 154.95 0.00 131.12 0.00
2 (a) 751.97 397.06 0.00 455.39 0.00
2 (b) 738.25 397.06 0.00 459.50 0.00

Load case 1
Load Data
Axial Force (P) 463.22 kN
Moment about major axis (M) 131.12 kN-m
Shear force 154.95 kN
Material Data
Grade of Concrete M30
Grade of Steel Fe460
Load Case Normal
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete (scc) 11.4 Mpa
Permissible bending tensile stress in concrete (sct) 3.07 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete (scb) 15.00 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel (sst) 345 Mpa
Es 200000 Mpa
Ecm 28000 Mpa
E ceff 14000 Mpa
Modular Ratio 14.29
Geometric data
Clear cover (d'') 50.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (compression) 56.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (tension) 58.00 mm
Width of column (B) 11400.00 mm
Depth of column (D) 300.00 mm
Bar Diameter (f) 12.00 mm
Spacing of reinforcement 150.00 mm
Number of bars along width (compression) 76 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 8595.40 mm2
Bar Diameter (f) 16.00 mm
Spacing of reinforcement 150.00 mm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 76 Nos.
2
Reinforcement area (Ast) 15280.71 mm
Reinforcement % 0.70 (Ok)
Min reinforcement % 0.300

Page No. 39 of 42
 Properties of uncracked section
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section 3737211.10 mm2
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 28452877264 mm4
Calculated direct compressive stress (sco,cal) 0.12 Mpa
Calculated bending compressive stress (scb,cal) 0.69 Mpa
Interaction formula :
sco,cal / sco + scb,cal / scb  1.0 0.06 (Ok)
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (sct,cal) -0.57 Mpa
Design the section as uncracked section
Properties of cracked section
Neutral axis depth (n) 104.45 mm
Effective area of cracked section 1523250.73 mm2
Eccentricity of load from the centroid of the effective section 70.01 mm
Net eccentricity 213.05 mm
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 7938220017 mm4
Calculated distance of neutral axis below CGeff (ycal) 24.46 mm
Assumed distance of neutral axis below CGeff (yassumed) 24.46 mm
ycal-yassum 0.00
Stress at neutral axis 0.00
Check for stress
Compressive stress in concrete (scbc) 1.30 Mpa < 15.00 (Safe)
Tensile stress in steel (ssbt) -24.78 Mpa < 345.00 (Safe)
Shear Stress 0.056 Mpa

Load case 2(a)

Load Data
Axial Force (P) 751.97 kN
Moment about major axis (M) 455.39 kN-m
Shear force 397.06 kN
Material Data
Grade of Concrete M30
Grade of Steel Fe460
Load Case Normal
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete (scc) 11.4 Mpa
Permissible bending tensile stress in concrete (sct) 3.07 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete (scb) 15.00 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel (sst) 345 Mpa
Modular Ratio 14.29
Geometric data
Clear cover (d'') 50.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (compression) 56.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (tension) 58.00 mm
Width of column (B) 11400.00 mm
Depth of column (D) 300.00 mm
Bar Diameter (f) 12.00 mm
Number of bars along width (compression) 76 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 8595.40 mm2
Bar Diameter (f) 16.00 mm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 76 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 15280.71 mm2
Reinforcement % 0.70 (Ok)
Min reinforcement % 0.300
Properties of uncracked section
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section 3737211.10 cm2
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 28452877264 cm4
2
Calculated direct compressive stress (sco,cal) 0.20 kg/cm
2
Calculated bending compressive stress (scb,cal) 2.40 kg/cm
Interaction formula :
sco,cal / sco + scb,cal / scb  1.0 0.18 (Ok)
2
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (sct,cal) -2.20 kg/cm

Page No. 40 of 42
 Design the section as uncracked section
Properties of cracked section
Neutral axis depth (n) 88.77 mm
Effective area of cracked section 1344467.32 mm2
Eccentricity of load from the centroid of the effective section 72.22 mm
Net eccentricity 533.37 mm
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 7878610828 mm4
Calculated distance of neutral axis below CGeff (ycal) 10.99 mm
Assumed distance of neutral axis below CGeff (yassumed) 10.99 mm
ycal-yassum 0.00
Stress at neutral axis 0.00
Check for stress
Compressive stress in concrete (scbc) 4.52 Mpa < 15.00 (Safe)
Tensile stress in steel (ssbt) -112.89 Mpa < 345.00 (Safe)
Shear Stress 0.12 Mpa (Safe)
Permissible Shear stress in concrete for 0.83% Reinf = 0.32 Mpa
Hence no shear reinforcement required.

Load case 2(b)

Load Data
Axial Force (P) 738.25 kN
Moment about major axis (M) 459.50 kN-m
Shear force 397.06 kN
Material Data
Grade of Concrete M30
Grade of Steel M460
Load Case Normal
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete (scc) 11.40 Mpa
Permissible bending tensile stress in concrete (sct) 3.07 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete (scb) 15.00 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel (sst) 345.00 Mpa
Modular Ratio 14.29
Geometric data
Clear cover (d'') 50.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (compression) 56.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (tension) 58.00 mm
Width of column (B) 11400.00 mm
Depth of column (D) 300.00 mm
Bar Diameter (f) 12.00 mm
Number of bars along width (compression) 76.00 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 8595.40 mm2
Bar Diameter (f) 16.00 cm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 76.00 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 15280.71 cm2
Reinforcement % 0.70 (Ok)
Min reinforcement % 0.300
Properties of uncracked section
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section cm2
3737211.10
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 28452877264 cm4
2
Calculated direct compressive stress (sco,cal) 0.20 kg/cm
2
Calculated bending compressive stress (scb,cal) 2.42 kg/cm
Interaction formula :
sco,cal / sco + scb,cal / scb  1.0 0.18 (Ok)
2
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (sct,cal) -2.22 kg/cm

Page No. 41 of 42
 Design the section as uncracked section
Properties of cracked section
Neutral axis depth (n) 88.43 mm
Effective area of cracked section 1340630.68 mm2
Eccentricity of load from the centroid of the effective section 72.25 mm
Net eccentricity 550.17 mm
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 7878160395 mm4
Calculated distance of neutral axis below CGeff (ycal) 10.68 mm
Assumed distance of neutral axis below CGeff (yassumed) 10.68 mm
ycal-yassum 0.00
Stress at neutral axis 0.00
Check for stress
Compressive stress in concrete (scbc) 4.56 Mpa < 15.00 (Safe)
Tensile stress in steel (ssbt) -114.58 Mpa < 345.00 (Safe)
Shear Stress 0.12 Mpa
Permissible Shear stress in concrete for 0.83% Reinf = 0.32 Mpa (Safe)

Crack width check s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 114.58 / 200000 = 0.00057

< design yield strain of 0.002001
Overall depth of the section, h = 300.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 242.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 300.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 88.4 mm
Width of section, b = 11400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 11400 * 211.57 * 211.57 / (3 * 200000 * 8595.4 * 153.57) = 0.00064

The effect of tension stiffening is taken

The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.552
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*11400*300*211.57/(0.00057*8595.4*211.57)*(1-0.552)*10^-9) = 0.00066
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00079
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00014
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 86.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 58.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 56.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2 (a cr - c nom / (h - dc 
= 3 * 86.81 * 0.00014 / (1 + 2 * 30.81 / 153.57) = 0.02694 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

Page No. 42 of 42