SAFARI ACADEMY

Your kids our kids!

ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER

LESSON NOTE FOR
GRADE 10
 Message from your teachers:
Hi Dear students, how are things treating you? With help of almighty God, are you strongly protecting
yourself from covid-19? Good! We have to take at most care dear brothers and sisters. Hoping that our
class will resume after some weeks, here is a lesson note and exercise that you must do during your stay
at home due to the current international pandemic. Though you cannot physically come together, you can
share ideas or tasks to be done by each student and you can communicate through email or others. Finally
stay saved and protected from COVID-19!!!!!!Value your life, help your family and country by
complying with directives given by WHO,MoH,Our professionals and government.
Stay blessed!!
We are sending all these notes and exercises as well as assignments so that you get relief from
unnecessary burden at the end of the term.
This section focuses on consolidating your knowledge of do and make. Dear learner, do and
make are important vocabulary elements that you need to study.

OBJECTIVES: After successful completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

➢ Identify the difference between do and make.

➢ Uses do or make with its perfect collocations.

Collocations with make and do

DO MAKE
❖ Work, Jobs and task product, material/origin
Do- the house work Made - of gold
- Your homework - from grapes
- a good job - in china
- your chores - by me
❖ Non-specific activities Produce a reaction
Do-something Make -your water
- nothing -you happy
- anything - you sleepy
- everything -you smile
❖ Replace verb when obvious Plans and decisions
Do-your hair Make -arrangements
-the dishes -a decision
-the exam -a choice
-the laundry -a plan
Food,drink and meals
Make -a cake
-breakfast
-a cup of coffee
Speaking and sounds
Make -a noise
-a speech
-comment
- suggestiTAG
OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

➢ Tell rules of question tag.

➢ Tell the reason why you use question tag.

A question tag is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini question.

The whole sentence is a question tag, and the mini-question at the end is called a question tag.

We use tags in spoken English but not in formal written English. Making a tag is very
mechanical .To make tag, use the first auxiliary. If the is no auxiliary, use do, does or did. With a
positive sentence , make a negative tag and with a negative sentence, make a positive tag. But
this is not always right. We use tag questions at the end of statement to ask for confirmation.
• HERE ARE SOME RULES TO FOLLOW:
• 1 . Auxiliary plus personal pronoun:
• Tony can run really fast, can’t he?
• The twins are very nice, aren’t they?
• 2. If there is no auxiliary in the statement, use a form of do in the question tag.
• Mum cooks fantastic meals, doesn’t she?
• They went to the cinema, didn’t they?
• You play the guitar, don’t you?
• 3. Orders and commands are followed by “will you”?
• Don’t open the windows, will you?
• 4. When the statement contains a word with a negative meaning, the question tag needs to be positive.
• He hardly ever speaks, does he?
• They rarely eat in restaurant, do they?
• Nothing was lost, was it?
• No salt is allowed, is it?
• Sara seldom visits us, does she?
 BE CAREFUL
• A.am…….aren’t?

• I am late, aren’t I?

• B. let’s(let us)…..shall we?

• Let’s go home, shall we?

• C. Negative auxiliaries and verbs in tags are

usually in their contracted form (n’t).
OBJECTIVES: Having completed this lesson, you will be able to:

-Define what does subject –verb agreement mean?

-List the rules of agreement of subject and verb.

-Write a sentence using the agreement.

• The subject and verb are the most important elements of a sentence. The
verb in a sentence must be in agreement with the subject in regard to
number. Meaning the verb must be singular if the subject is singular and
the verb must be plural if the subject is plural.
 Rules of subject-verb agreement:
▪ Singular verb needs singular subject while plural verb needs plural subject:
They were at the restaurant.
She is coming from the zoo.
▪ Two or more singular nouns or pronouns joined by and take a plural verb.
His father and mother were against his marriage.
He and I have finished our work.
▪ If two nouns together express a single idea, they may take singular verb.
Bread and butter is my main food.
Slow and steady wins the race.
▪ When two or more nouns refer to the same person or thing , the verb is singular.
The great saint and poet is here.
A famous singer and actor is directing this film.
▪ If the nouns or pronouns are joined by either/or or neither /nor, the verb must agree
with the subject nearest to it.
Neither she nor her brother is at home.
Either john or his friends are responsible for this mistake.
▪ Nouns preceded by each/ every, though joined by and ,take a singular verb.
Each man and woman has to work for this country.
Every boy and girl was given a prize.
 Cont..
▪ Nouns preceded by each, every, one, either and many, take a singular verb.
Each of you is getting a prize.
Either of these books is interesting.
One of us has to go.
▪ Titles of literary works etc….even if plural, take a singular verb.
The Arabian knights contains interesting stories.
▪ When the sentence begins with there and here, the verb agrees with the real subject that
comes after it.
There are fifty students here.
Here are the books from your son.
There is a boy outside.
▪ Phrases like a lot of, a great deal of, some of, most of, plenty of, are singular when they
refer the quantity or amount and are plural when they refer to a number.
A lot of money is needed.
A lot of books have been purchased.
Most of the money has been spent.
Most of the students have come.
▪ When ‘a pair of’ is used for things (shoes, socks, trousers, scissors etc.) that are thought
of as one unit, the subject takes a singular verb.
A pair of new scissors has been found.
This pair of trousers has cost me a lot.
 Cont…
▪ When the subject begins with the phrase a number of, it takes a plural verb. But when it
begins with the number of, it takes a singular verb.
A number of candidates were interviewed.
The number of candidates was small.
▪ Collective nouns are usually regarded as a singular subject.
The committee has decided to postpone the game.
The family was ecstatic by the news.
The crowd enjoys the excitement in the game.
A flock of sheep always moves together.
A school of fish always hides from the big fishes.
▪ If a gerund or infinitives comes as a subject, the verb will always be singular.
Swimming is a good exercise.
To err is human.
▪ If the + an adjective appears as the subject of the sentence, it will be plural.
The pious are loved by God.
The industrious are always not successful.

Note: either and neither are singular if they are not used with or and nor.
OBJECIVES: Up on completed this lesson, you will be able to:
• Differentiate the two clauses in a sentence.
• Tell the technique how to identify the independent from the dependent
clause.
• Define the two clauses.

Independent clause
An independent clause is a clause that can stand on its own by itself.it doesn’t need to
be joined to any other clauses, because it contains all the information necessary to be a
complete sentence.
Independent clauses have three components:
➢ A subject
➢ An action/a predicate and
➢ A complete thought
Dependent clause
A dependent clause is a clause that doesn’t express a complete thought. A clause can
be dependent because of the presence of a:

➢ Marker word (before, after, because, since, etc…)

➢ Conjunction (and, or, nor, but, yet…).
Dependent clauses must be joined to another clause in order to avoid creating a sentence
fragment.

Example: Because I forgot my homework

(This is a sentence fragment. We have a ‘because’ but not a “why” or anything accompanying
and following what happened “because they forgot”.)

Because I forgot my homework, I got sent home.

MORE EXAMPLES
Independent clause examples:
I enjoy sitting by the fire place and reading.
She wants to travel the world and see wonderful sights.

Our planets revolve around the sun.

 Independent clauses joined together
The beach is a lot of fun, but the mountains are even better.
All of us went to the movie, and we agreed it was enjoyable.
She not only bought two dresses but she got matching shoes.

Independent clauses in sentences with semi colons:

I went to the department of motor vehicles; I took the written test.
My little brother refuses to go to bed early; he is afraid he will miss something.
I was very happy; I had pizza and ice cream.
Dependent clause examples: they can be

Adverb clauses
When the president arrives
As if he knew what was going to happen
Whenever you come to visit
Adjective clause
Which is located in Italy
Whom we met after the movie
That I sold him

Noun clauses
Why she said that
If the dress is on sale

Dependent clauses in sentences

What the girl did was not very helpful.
He finally finished his novel, after months of research.
While I was asleep, the cat knocked over the plant.
The town where I was born is on the east coast.
You may play outside until the street lights come on.
Note: The underlined parts of the above sentences are dependent clauses.
OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• Use adjective orders to describe something.
• Put the adjectives using the correct order in a sentence.

When we use more than one adjective before a noun in English, We often put the adjectives
in a specific order. It can sound quite strange if the adjectives are in different order. However,
there are two things to remember. First, it is very rare to use more than three adjectives before
a noun .Second; sometimes order can be changed, usually to emphasize something

The orders look like:

1. Determiner/number; first, one, a, the

2. Opinion: pretty, horrible, lovely

3. Size: huge, tiny, big, little

4. Age: old, young, new

5. Shape: round, square, triangular

 Cont…
6. Color: black, red, yellow

7. Origin: British, Chinese, French

8. Material: woolen, wooden, silk

9. Purpose: writing (paper), school (shoes)

NB: The first letter of those words spell (DOSASCOMP) is a great way to remember the order of
adjectives

Here are some examples

I carried black a very small suitcase.
They have some old French paintings.
She was wearing a new red silk dress.

That is a really ugly wooden chair.

We bought a new round kitchen table.
There are some new Chinese students in the class.