Complex Numbers

a+bi
a=real part
bi=imaginary part
 The imaginary number i
The powers of imaginary number
i  -1 i4=1

i 2  1
i3=-1
i 3  i 2 (i )  i i
i 4  i 2 (i 2 )  ( 1)( 1)  1
i2 =-1
Generally
i i
n r

n
where r is the remainder of
4
Plot of complex Imaginary
part
number
r b
θ
Real
a part

Absolute value of a  bi
a  bi  r  a  b
2 2

Argument of the complex number

b
  tan1

a
Operations of complex numbers
1) Addition of complex numbers
( a  bi )  ( c  di )  ( a  c)  (b  d )i
example : (2  3i )  ( 5  7i )  3  4i
2) Multiplication of complex numbers
( a  bi )( c  di )  ( ac  adi  bci  bdi 2 )
( a  bi )( c  di )  ac  ( ad  bc)i  bd ( 1)
( a  bi )( c  di )  ( ac  bd )  (bc  ad )i
example :
( 2  3i )  (1  5i )   2(1)  3( 5)   3(1)  ( 2)( 5)  i
( 2  3i )  (1  5i )  13  13i
3) Division of complex numbers
The division of complex number is performed
by multiplying the numerator and denominator
by the conjugate of the denominator.
( a  bi ) ( a  bi )  c  di 

( c  di ) ( c  di )  c  di 
example :
3  2i  3  2i  2  i  6  3i  4i  2i 2
 
2i  2  i  2  i  4  i2
3  2i 6  i  2( 1) 8 i
  
2i 4  ( 1) 5 5
Reciprocal of the complex
 Find the
reciprocal of the Solution
2+4i and Reciprocal of 2  4i
express it in the
1  1   2  4i 
form of a+bi.   
2  4i  2  4i   2  4i 
1  2  4i  2  4i
 2 2 

2  4i  2  (4i )  4  16
1 2  4i 1 1
   i
2  4i 20 10 5
Problem
Solve for x if 2ix - 5  3i  (2 - i) x  i
Solution: Collect all x terms
2ix - (2 - i ) x  5  2i
x  2i  2  i   5  2i

x
 5  2i  2  3i 
 2  3i  2  3i 
10  15i  4i  6i 2
x
 2    3i 
2 2

10  11i  6( 1) 16 11i

x  
4   9  13 13
Problem

 Solve for x and y if 3x+1+(y+2)i=2x+2yi

From the given equation
3 x  1  (y  2)i  2 x  2yi
It follows that
3 x  1  2 x and y  2  2y
From 3x  1  2 x
x  1
From y+2=2y
y=2