STMG 630 - 13 -

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HYDRAULIC PUMP

• Hydraulic pump The variable displacement implement hydraulic pump and pump control
location valve are located below the hydraulic tank at the front of the machine. At
2200 rpm, the pump displaces 155 lpm (41 gpm) of flow.
- Pump supply
pressure test
location (arrow) A pump supply pressure test port (arrow) is located as shown.

• Torque limiter may be A torque limiter is used to control the pump. As pressures increase, the
used to control pump torque limiter will reduce maximum pump flow available to prevent
engine stall.

NOTE: The torque limiter provides improved hydraulic system

performance with less engine horsepower.
STMG 630 - 14 -
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1 4

• Identify components Shown here is the pump removed from the machine. An orifice and
screen is located in the connector (4). The orifice will be discussed later
1. Signal pressure in this presentation.
test location

2. Torque limiter
valve

3. Pump control valve

4. Connector
STMG 630 - 15 -
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3
1

• Identify components Inside the pump are various components.

1. Large actuator The large actuator piston works against the small actuator piston and bias
piston
spring to adjust the swashplate (not shown).
2. Small actuator
piston and bias
spring

3. Piston and barrel

assembly
STMG 630 - 16 -
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10

•Two spools in pump In the pump control valve are two spools:
control valve

1. Flow compensator 1. Flow compensator or margin spool (on the left) and its control
or margin spool springs
2. Pressure
compensator or 2. Pressure compensator or pressure cutoff spool (on the right) and
pressure cutoff its control springs
spool

• Flow compensator The flow compensator regulates output flow in response to the load signal
controls flow and received through the signal network. The flow supplied by the pump will
pressure be the amount of flow required to keep supply pressure 2100 kPa
(305 psi) above the signal pressure. The difference between supply
• Pressure pressure and the signal pressure is called "margin pressure." The flow
compensator controls
maximum pressure
compensator also controls low pressure standby of 2200 kPa (320 psi).
The pressure compensator limits maximum system pressure and serves as
the relief valve for the system.

NOTE: Both spools have adjustment screws.

STMG 630 - 17 -
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416B-438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

ENGINE OFF

SIGNAL PUMP LARGE ACTUATOR

YOKE PAD
OUTPUT
SWASH PLATE

DRIVE
SHAFT

FLOW
COMPENSATOR PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

PISTON & SMALL ACTUATOR

BARREL ASSEMBLY & BIAS SPRING

11

• Identify all labeled When the engine is OFF, the bias spring holds the swashplate at maximum
components angle.
• Bias spring holds
swashplate at When the engine is started, the drive shaft starts to rotate. Oil is drawn
maximum angle into the piston bore. As the piston and barrel assembly rotate, the oil is
forced out into the system.
STMG 630 - 18 -
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416B-438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

LOW PRESSURE STANDBY
TO PUMP
TANK OUTPUT

FLOW
COMPENSATOR PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

12

• Low pressure When no flow is demanded from the implements, no signal pressure is
standby: generated. System pressure (red and white stripes) generated by the pump
- Pump is destroked is called "low pressure standby." The pump produces enough flow to
- No flow for
compensate for system leakage at a pressure to provide instantaneous
implements implement response when an implement is actuated.
- Minimum flow
At machine start-up, the bias spring holds the swashplate at maximum
produced
angle. As the pump produces flow, system pressure begins to increase
because the flow is blocked at the implement control valves. This
pressure is felt under both the margin spool and the pressure cutoff spool.
The margin spool moves up against the low spring force and permits
system oil to flow to the large actuator piston.
STMG 630 - 19 -
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• Low pressure standby As pressure in the large actuator piston increases, the large actuator piston
is higher than margin overcomes the force of the bias spring and the pressure in the small
pressure
actuator piston and moves the swashplate to a reduced angle. The large
actuator piston will move to the right until the cross-drilled passage in the
stem is uncovered. Oil in the large actuator piston can then bleed off to
the pump case. At this minimum angle, the pump will produce just
enough flow to make up for system leakage. The system pressure is
approximately 2200 kPa (320 psi).

NOTE: Low pressure standby is usually higher than margin

pressure. This characteristic is due to the oil flow being blocked by
the closed centered valves when all the valves are in HOLD. The
blocked pump supply oil pushes the margin spool up and compresses
the margin spool spring more when the pump is at low pressure
standby than during a constant flow condition (which will be
discussed later in detail).
STMG 630 - 20 -
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416B-438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

UPSTROKE
SIGNAL
PUMP
OUTPUT REDUCED PRESSURE

FLOW
COMPENSATOR PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

13

•Upstroking When an implement requires flow, a signal is sent to the pump control
- When flow is valve. This signal causes the force (margin spring plus signal pressure) at
required the top of the margin spool to become higher than the supply pressure at
the bottom of the spool. The spool then moves down, blocks oil to the
- Bias spring and
small actuator piston large actuator and opens a passage to drain. Pressure at the large actuator
increase swashplate piston is reduced or eliminated, which allows the bias spring and small
angle piston to move the swashplate to an increased angle. The pump will then
produce more flow.
STMG 630 - 21 -
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The following conditions can result in upstroking of the pump:

1. An implement control valve is activated when the system is at low

pressure standby, so more flow is needed.

2. The control valve directional spool is moved for additional flow.

3. An additional circuit is activated, so more flow is required.

4. Engine rpm decreases, so pump speed decreases which causes a

loss in flow and pump supply pressure. The pump must upstroke
to maintain the system flow requirements.

NOTE: Signal pressure does not necessarily have to increase for the
pump to upstroke. For example, if one implement is activated and is
operating at 13800 kPa (2000 psi), the system supply pressure is
15900 kPa (2305 psi) due to the maximum signal pressure of
13800 kPa (2000 psi) plus the margin spring force. Now, if the
operator activates another implement at an initial operating pressure
of 6900 kPa (1000 psi), maximum signal pressure is still 13800 kPa
(2000 psi), but the supply pressure decreases momentarily to provide
more flow now needed at the implements. The force at the top of the
margin spool (now higher than the force at the bottom of the margin
spool) pushes the spool down and allows oil in the actuator to drain.
The swashplate angle now increases and the pump provides more
flow.
STMG 630 - 22 -
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416B-438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

CONSTANT FLOW

SIGNAL PUMP
OUTPUT

FLOW
COMPENSATOR PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

14

• Constant flow As pump flow increases, pump supply pressure also increases. When the
- Signal pressure plus pump supply pressure (red) increases and equals the sum of the load
spring equals pressure plus the margin spring pressure, the margin spool moves to a
system pressure metering position and the system becomes stabilized.
- Swashplate at
constant angle The difference between the signal pressure and the pump supply pressure
is the value of the margin spring, which is 2100 kPa (305 psi).
STMG 630 - 23 -
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416B-438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

DESTROKE
SIGNAL PUMP
OUTPUT
INCREASED PRESSURE

FLOW
COMPENSATOR
PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

15

• Destroking When less flow is needed, the pump is destroked. To destroke the pump,
- Less flow required the force at the bottom of the margin spool becomes higher than at the top.
The margin spool then moves up. Pressure in the large actuator piston is
- Swashplate angle is
now increased due to more flow going to the large actuator. The large
reduced
actuator piston then overcomes the combined force of the small actuator
and bias spring and moves the swashplate to a reduced angle. The pump
will now produce less flow.
STMG 630 - 24 -
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The following conditions can result in destroking of the pump:

1. All implement control valves are moved to the HOLD position, so

no flow is needed. The pump returns to low pressure standby.

2. The control valve directional spool is moved to reduce flow.

3. An additional circuit is deactivated, so less flow is required.

4. Engine rpm increases, so pump speed increases causing an

increase in flow. The pump destrokes to maintain system flow
requirements.

As pump flow decreases, pump supply pressure also decreases. When the
pump supply pressure (red) decreases and becomes the sum of load
pressure plus margin pressure, the margin spool moves to a metering
position and the system stabilizes.

NOTE: Signal pressure does not necessarily have to decrease for the
pump to destroke. For example, if two implements are activated with
one at 13800 kPa (2000 psi) and the other at 6900 kPa (1000 psi), the
system supply pressure is 15900 kPa (2305 psi) due to the maximum
signal pressure of 13800 kPa (2000 psi) plus the margin spring force.
Now, if the operator returns the implement at 6900 kPa (1000 psi) to
HOLD, maximum signal pressure is still 13800 kPa (2000 psi), but the
supply pressure increases due to reduced flow needed at the
implements. The supply pressure will push the margin spring up and
allow more oil to go to the actuator, which causes the pump to
destroke.
STMG 630 - 25 -
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416B-438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

HIGH PRESSURE STANDBY OR STALL
SIGNAL PUMP
OUTPUT INCREASED PRESSURE

FLOW
COMPENSATOR PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

16

• High pressure stall The pressure compensator (or cutoff spool) is in parallel with the margin
- Margin spool is spool. The pressure compensator limits the maximum system pressure for
down any given pump displacement. The spool is forced down during normal
operation by the pressure compensator spring.
- Pressure
compensator is up

- Pump is destroked

- System pressure at
maximum
STMG 630 - 26 -
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During a stall or when system pressure is maximum, signal pressure is

equal to pump supply pressure. The combination of the signal pressure
and the margin spring forces the margin spool down. This movement of
the margin spool normally opens a passage in the pump control valve for
the oil in the large actuator piston to drain and causes the pump to
upstroke. However, since the supply pressure is high enough, the
pressure cutoff spool is forced up against the spring. This movement of
the pressure cutoff spool blocks the oil in the large actuator piston from
going to drain and allows supply oil to go to the large actuator piston.
The increase in pressure allows the large actuator piston to overcome the
combined force of the small actuator piston and bias spring to destroke
the pump. The pump is now at minimum flow and pump supply pressure
is at maximum. This condition is maintained for a single implement in a
stall condition.

• Eliminates need for a This feature eliminates the need for a main system relief valve in this
main relief valve implement hydraulic system. Maximum system pressure is adjusted by
turning the pressure compensator adjustment screw.

• Pump can still When operating two or more implements with one in stall, the pump will
produce flow for other produce flow to meet the needs of the other implements operating at a
implements lower work port pressure. In this case, the pump could be producing up
- Upstrokes to meet to maximum flow while the supply pressure is at maximum.
flow requirements
STMG 630 - 27 -
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416B - 438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

TORQUE LIMITER - OPEN

TORQUE
LIMITER
PUMP
SIGNAL OUTPUT

FLOW
COMPENSATOR PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

17

• Torque limiter The torque limiter monitors the pump swashplate angle and the pump
operation signal pressure. The torque limiter will not allow the pump to go to full
- Destrokes pump as stroke as system pressure increases above 15180 kPa (2200 psi). The
pressure increases allowable pump displacement is inversely proportional to the pump
discharge pressure. The higher the pressure, the less pump flow is
- Spring force varies available.
with swashplate
angle
The pressure setting of the torque limiter varies with the swashplate angle.
The greater the swashplate angle, the lower the pressure setting.

If the pump is at maximum flow and the signal pressure increases above
the torque limiter setting, the torque limiter opens directing some of the
signal oil to the tank. A pressure drop occurs across the orifice, resulting
in a slight loss of the actual signal pressure. The margin spool will move
up, allowing supply oil to the large actuator piston. The pump will then
destroke.
STMG 630 - 28 -
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416B - 438B HYDRAULIC PUMP

TORQUE LIMITER - CLOSED

TORQUE
LIMITER
PUMP
SIGNAL OUTPUT

FLOW
COMPENSATOR PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR

18

• Maintains input torque The reduced angle of the swashplate will increase the pressure setting of
setting the torque limiter. The torque limiter closes and signal pressure is the
same as the cylinder load pressure.

The reduced pump flow will be at a sufficient level to maintain the input
torque setting. If the cylinder pressure continues to increase, the torque
limiter will again open and destroke the pump more.

In summary, full pump supply pressure is always available. However,

flow is regulated to maintain a required maximum input torque from the
engine. Full pump flow is available when the signal pressure is below
15180 kPa (2200 psi).
STMG 630 - 29 -
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19

• Identify component A pin (arrow), which works with the torque limiter, is mounted on the
pump swashplate.
- Pin (arrow)
STMG 630 - 30 -
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4
5 3 2 1

20

• Identify torque limiter Shown here are the torque limiter components.
components
As the swashplate angle is reduced, the swashplate pin moves the large
1. Adjustment screw
spool against the relief valve spring to increase the pressure setting. This
2. Relief valve
action makes the relief setting vary with swashplate angle. If the signal
springs pressure increases above the relief setting, the relief valve spool moves
against the relief spring and directs signal oil to the tank.
3. Relief valve spool

4. Large spool

5. Spring

6. Valve body

7. Swashplate pin