Triangular Pile Cap Structville

STRUCTVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES LIMITED Page: 1
DESIGN OF STORAGE TANK SUPPORT Made by: UBANI

FOR DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES Date: 02/2020
TRIANGULAR PILE CAP DESIGN Ref No: 001
Office: 5466
Location: Pilecap for tank supports
BX Pilecap for three piles

/ \
/ _ _ \
/ / \ \ Calculations are in
/ | | \ accordance with BS8110:
/ \ _ _ / \ 1985 (amended 1989).
/ \
/ : AY' \ Pile cap shaped as shown
/ \ AY with main reinforcement
ly / cy \ parallel to principal
___ / \ axes (alternative system
_ _ cx _ _ with reinforcing bars
/ \ : / \ running between heads
BY | | | | of piles will be subject
\ _:_ / : \ _:_ / of a future proforma).
For bond calculations any

^ AX high-yield bars assumed
Y lx to be Type 2:deformed.
X >
Design to BS8110(1997) with partial safety factor for steel gammaS=1.05

Total ultimate load on column N=2500 kN
Column dimension cx cx=300 mm
Column dimension cy cy=300 mm
Nominal pile diameter PileD=600 mm
Spac.of pile ctrs in X-direction AX=1800 mm
Overlap from pile face to cap edge olap=150 mm
Spc.of pile ctrs in Y-direction AY=1560 mm
Distance AY' to centre of column AY'=1045 mm
Load on each pile is related to distance from centroid of column.
Load on single pile N1=N*(AY-AY')/AY
=2500*(1560-1045)/1560
=825.32 kN.
Load on each twin-pile N2=(N-N1)/2=(2500-825.32)/2
=837.34 kN.
Office: 5466
Maximum cap length in X-direction lx=2700 mm
Min.cap dimension in X-direction BX=900 mm
Max.cap breadth in Y-direction ly=2460 mm
Min.cap dimension in Y-direction BY=850 mm
Setting-out dimension in Y-dir. ly'=965 mm
Effective breadths (obtained from pile geometry):

______
-|- -\- - -<- critical planes CPnXs
/| /^^\ \ - -<- for shear about Y-Y
critical planes / -\__/- \- -<- critical plane CPnYs1
for bending CPnYb1 _ _/ _:_ | _:_ \ for shear about X-X
about X-X CPnYb2 _ /_ _:_ _:_ \
^Y /^^\- - -/^^\- <- critical plane CPnYs2
\__/ | \__/ for shear about X-X
>X
-<- critical plane CPnXb
for bending about Y-Y
As pile spacing exceeds 3 , shear stresses can only be enhanced along

part of critical breadths (see Clause 3.11.4.4b) as follows:
For bending For direct shear For punching shear
Effective Enhanced Non-enhanced Enhanced Non-enhanced
breadth breadth breadth breadth breadth
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
In X-dir: 2460 1944 33 1200 0
In Y-dir(1): 2403.7 1604.3 0 1440 0
(2): 2700 2700 0 1440 0
Concrete grade fcu=30 N/mm 2
Steel strength fy=460 N/mm 2
High-yield reinforcement
Ultimate bond stress (3.12.8.4) fbu=0.50*SQR(fcu)=0.50*SQR(30)
=2.7386 N/mm2.
Cover to underside of main bars Cover=150 mm
Side and top cover to main bars Scvr=75 mm
Chosen depth of pilecap h=1300 mm
Corresponding effective depth EffD=h-Cover-20=1300-150-20
=1130 mm.
Office: 5466
Design of main steel in X-direction
Total moment Mx=N2*(AX/2-cx/2)*10^3

=837.34*(1800/2-300/2)*10^3
=0.628E9 Nmm.
Resistance-moment factor Kx=Mx/(lyb*EffDX^2*fcu)
=0.628E9/(2460*1130^2*30)
=0.0066642
Lever-arm factor zx'=(0.5+SQR(0.25-Kx/0.9))
=(0.5+SQR(0.25-0.0066642/0.9))
=0.99254
but must not exceed zx'=0.95
Lever arm zx=zx'*EffDX=0.95*1130=1073.5 mm.
Min.area of main steel required AreaTX=lyb*h*Pmin1=2460*1300*0.0013
=4157.4 mm2.
Steel corresponding to minimum allowable proportion only is needed.
Main steel diameter diaX=20 mm
Main steel spacing SpcX=175 mm
At critical section:
Number of bars required NumBrX=1+INT((lyb-2*Scvr-diaX)/SpcX)
=1+INT((2460-2*75-20)/175)
=14
Steel area provided AProvX=PI/4*diaX*diaX*NumBrX
=3.1416/4*20*20*14
=4398.2 mm2.
Actual stress in steel fbt=fy/gammaS*AreaTX/AProvX
=460/1.05*4157.4/4398.2
=414.11 N/mm2.
Value of ab for bearing calcs = side cover + half bar size, i.e. 85 mm
Min.bend radius for full stress Radx=PI*diaX*fbt*(1+2*diaX/abX)/8/fcu
=3.1416*20*414.11*(1+2*20/85)/8/30
=159.43 mm.
Anchorage length to bend start LenBX=(lx-AX+0.6*PileD)/2-Radx-Scvr
=(2700-1800+0.6*600)/2-159.43-75
=395.57 mm.
Stress transferred before bend br=LenBX*fbu*4/diaX
=395.57*2.7386*4/20
=216.66 N/mm2.
Office: 5466
Stress in bar at start of bend fbr=fbt-br=414.11-216.66
=197.44 N/mm2.
Minimum bend radius (3.12.8.25) Radx=PI*diaX*fbr*(1+2*diaX/abX)/8/fcu
=3.1416*20*197.44*(1+2*20/85)/8/30
=76.016 mm.
Rounding up radius Radx=5*INT(Radx/5+1)
=5*INT(76.016/5+1)
=80 mm.
Tensile force in bar Fs=PI/4*diaX^2*fbt
=3.1416/4*20^2*414.11
=130096 Newtons.
Bond length required (3.12.8.3) ABondR=5*(1+INT(fbt*diaX/(4*fbu)/5))
=5*(1+INT(414.11*20/(4*2.7386)
/5))
=760 mm.
Minimum bond length (=eff.depth) ABondM=d2=750 mm.
Max.width of base to contain bars MwX=ly-2*Scvr-diaX=2460-2*75-20
=2290 mm.
Number of bars reqd.at max.width NbX=1+INT(MwX/SpcX)=1+INT(2290/175)
=14
True side cover Scxb=INT((ly-(NbX-1)*SpcX-diaX)/2)
=INT((2460-(14-1)*175-20)/2)
=82 mm.
Since four times the internal radius of the bend exceeds 12 ,
Eff.anchorage length of bend EffALX=12*diaX=12*20=240 mm
Actual anchorage length of bend ActALX=Radx*PI/2+4*diaX
=80*3.1416/2+4*20
=205.66 mm
Since Effective anchorage length exceeds Actual anchorage length (see
Clause 3.12.8.23(b)), use EffALX (i.e. 240 mm).
At pilecap ends, main bars must turn through 90 to an internal radius
of 80 mm and then extend to within 990 mm of top of pilecap.
Office: 5466
Design of main steel in Y-direction
Considering moment in direction of single pile:

Total moment My1=N1*(AY'-cy/2)*10^3
=825.32*(1045-300/2)*10^3
=0.73866E9 Nmm.
Resistance-moment factor Ky=My1/(lxb1*EffDY^2*fcu)
=0.73866E9/(2403.7*1110^2*30)
=0.0083137
Lever-arm factor zy'=(0.5+SQR(0.25-Ky/0.9))
=(0.5+SQR(0.25-0.0083137/0.9))
=0.99068
but must not exceed zy'=0.95
Lever arm zy=zy'*EffDY=0.95*1110=1054.5 mm.
Min.area of main steel required ArTY1=lxb1*h*Pmin1=2403.7*1300*0.0013
=4062.3 mm2.
Considering moment in direction of twin-piles:
Total moment My2=2*N2*(AY-AY'-cy/2)*10^3
=2*837.34*(1560-1045-300/2)*10^3
=0.61126E9 Nmm.
Resistance-moment factor Ky=My2/(lxb2*EffDY^2*fcu)
=0.61126E9/(2700*1110^2*30)
=0.0061248
Lever-arm factor zy'=(0.5+SQR(0.25-Ky/0.9))
=(0.5+SQR(0.25-0.0061248/0.9))
=0.99315
but must not exceed zy'=0.95
Lever arm zy=zy'*EffDY=0.95*1110=1054.5 mm.
Min.area of main steel required ArTY2=lxb2*h*Pmin1=2700*1300*0.0013
=4563 mm2.
Critical section is Plane 2.
Total area of main steel required is 4563 mm2.
Main steel diameter diaY=20 mm
Main steel spacing SpcY=150 mm
At critical section:
Number of bars required NumBrY=2*(1+INT((lxb-2*Scvr-diaY)/2/SpcY))
=2*(1+INT((2700-2*75-20)/2/150))
=18
Office: 5466
Steel area provided AProvY=PI/4*diaY*diaY*NumBrY
=3.1416/4*20*20*18
=5654.9 mm2.
Actual stress in steel fbt=fy/gammaS*AreaTY/AProvY
=460/1.05*4563/5654.9
=353.51 N/mm2.
Value of ab for bearing calcs = side cover + half bar size, i.e. 85 mm
Min.bend radius for full stress Rady=PI*diaY*fbt*(1+2*diaY/abY)/8/fcu
=3.1416*20*353.51*(1+2*20/85)/8/30
=136.1 mm.
Anchorage length to bend start LenBY=ly'+AY'-AY+0.3*PileD-Rady-Scvr
=965+1045-1560+0.3*600-136.1-75
=418.9 mm.
Stress transferred before bend br=LenBY*fbu*4/diaY=418.9*2.7386*4/20
=229.44 N/mm2.
Stress in bar at start of bend fbr=fbt-br=353.51-229.44
=124.06 N/mm2.
Minimum bend radius (3.12.8.25) Rady=PI*diaY*fbr*(1+2*diaY/abY)/8/fcu
=3.1416*20*124.06*(1+2*20/85)/8/30
=47.765 mm.
Increase to minimum bend radius Rady=MinRad=60 mm.
Bond length required (3.12.8.3) ABondR=5*(1+INT(Fs/(fbu*PI*diaY)/5))
=5*(1+INT(130096/(2.7386
*3.1416*20)/5))
=760 mm.
Minimum bond length (=eff.depth) ABondM=d2=750 mm.
Max.width of base to contain bars MwY=lx-2*Scvr-diaY=2700-2*75-20
=2530 mm.
Number of bars reqd.at max.width NbY=2+2*INT((MwY-SpcY)/2/SpcY)
=2+2*INT((2530-150)/2/150)
=16
True side cover Scyb=INT((lx-(NbY-1)*SpcY-diaY)/2)
=INT((2700-(16-1)*150-20)/2)
=215 mm.
Since four times the internal radius of the bend does not exceed 12 ,
Eff.anchorage length of bend EffALY=4*Rady=4*60=240 mm.
Actual anchorage length of bend ActALY=Rady*PI/2+4*diaY
=60*3.1416/2+4*20
=174.25 mm.
Since Effective anchorage length exceeds Actual anchorage length (see
Clause 3.12.8.23(b)), use EffALY (i.e. 240 mm).
Office: 5466
At pilecap ends main bars must turn through 90 to an internal radius
of 60 mm and then extend to within 990 mm of top of pilecap.
Distribution steel
Minimum percentage of steel required in top and bottom in

each direction (Table 3.25) 0.13 %
Minimum area required Amin=Pmin1*1000*h=0.0013*1000*1300
=1690 mm2/m.
Diameter of bar LSize=20 mm
Spacing of bars LSpac=175 mm
Area of dist.steel provided A2=PI*LSize^2*250/LSpac
=3.1416*20^2*250/175
=1795.2 mm2/m.
In X-Direction:
True side cover Scxt=INT((ly-(NumLTX-1)*LSpac-LSize)/2)
=INT((2460-(14-1)*175-20)/2)
=82 mm.
In Top: Provide 14 No. 20 mm bars at 175 mm ctrs across base.
In Y-Direction:
True side cover Scyt=INT((lx-(NumLTY-1)*LSpac-LSize)/2)
=INT((2700-(16-1)*175-20)/2)
=27 mm.
In Top: Provide 16 No. 20 mm bars at 175 mm ctrs across base.
The IStructE/ICE 'Manual for the design of reinforced concrete building

structures' recommends that 12 mm horizontal bars, spaced vertically at
not more than 250 mm centres should be provided in the sides of the cap.
Provide one set of 5 No.12 mm Shape 38 horiz.bars at 250 mm centres
plus two sets of 5 No.12 mm Shape 99 horiz.bars at 250 mm centres.
Office: 5466
Check shear resistance in X-direction (Cl.3.11.4.4)
Design concrete shear stress taken from formula in Table 3.8.

Effective depth of section EffDX=h-Cover-diaX/2=1300-150-20/2
=1140 mm.
Reinforcement-factor C1=100*AProvX/(lyb*EffDX)
=100*4398.2/(2460*1140)
=0.15683
Effective-depth-factor C2=400/EffDX=400/1140=0.35088
Factor C2 not less than 1, so C2=1
Concrete-grade-factor C3=fcu/25=30/25=1.2
Design concrete shear stress vc=.79*C1^(1/3)*C2^0.25*C3^(1/3)/1.25
=.79*0.15683^(1/3)*1^0.25*1.2^(1
/3)/1.25
=0.36218 N/mm2.
Distance from col.to crit.plane avX=AX/2-0.3*PileD-cx/2
=1800/2-0.3*600-300/2
=570 mm.
Since distance from column face to critical plane as defined in
Clause 3.11.4.3 is less than twice the effective depth,
Shear enhancement factor Sef=2*EffDX/avX=2*1140/570
=4
Modified design conc.shear stress VMod=vc*Sef=0.36218*4=1.4487 N/mm2.
Total shear resistance provided VProv=(VMod*CP1Xs+vc*CP2Xs)*EffDX/1E3
=(1.4487*1944+0.36218*33)*1140
/1E3
=3224.2 kN.
Total shear resistance required =837.34 kN.
Shear resistance in X-direction is satisfactory.
Check shear resistance in Y-direction (Cl.3.11.4.4)
Check plane passing through single pile on X-X axis:

Effective depth of section EffDY=h-Cover-diaX-diaY/2
=1300-150-20-20/2
=1120 mm.
Reinforcement-factor C1=100*AProvY/(lxb1*EffDY)
=100*5654.9/(2403.7*1120)
=0.21005
Office: 5466
Effective-depth-factor C2=400/EffDY=400/1120=0.35714
=.79*0.21005^(1/3)*1^0.25*1.2^(1
/3)/1.25
=0.39922 N/mm2.
Distance from col.to crit.plane avY1=AY'-0.3*PileD-cy/2
=1045-0.3*600-300/2
=715 mm.
Shear enhancement factor Sef=2*EffDY/avY1=2*1120/715
=3.1329
Modified design conc.shear stress VMod=vc*Sef=0.39922*3.1329
=1.2507 N/mm2.
Total shear resis.provided VProv=(VMod*CP1Ys1+vc*CP2Ys1)*EffDY/1E3
=(1.2507*1604.3+0.39922*0)*1120/1E3
=2247.4 kN.
Total shear resis.required =825.32 kN.
Shear resistance in Y-direction is satisfactory.
Check plane passing through twin-piles:

Effective depth of section EffDY=h-Cover-diaX-diaY/2
=1300-150-20-20/2
=1120 mm.
Reinforcement-factor C1=100*AProvY/(lxb2*EffDY)
=100*5654.9/(2700*1120)
=0.187
Effective-depth-factor C2=400/EffDY=400/1120=0.35714
=.79*0.187^(1/3)*1^0.25*1.2^(1/3)
/1.25
=0.38405 N/mm2.
Distance from col.to crit.plane avY2=AY-AY'-0.3*PileD-cy/2
=1560-1045-0.3*600-300/2
=185 mm.
Office: 5466
Shear enhancement factor Sef=2*EffDY/avY2=2*1120/185
=12.108
Modified design conc.shear stress VMod=vc*Sef=0.38405*12.108
=4.6502 N/mm2.
Modified shear stress cannot exceed max., so VMod=Vmax=4.3818 N/mm2.
Total shear resis.provided VProv=(VMod*CP1Ys2+vc*CP2Ys2)*EffDY/1E3
=(4.3818*2700+0.38405*0)*1120/1E3
=13251 kN.
Total shear resis.required =1674.7 kN.
Shear resistance in Y-direction is satisfactory.
Check punching shear at column face (Cl.3.11.4.5)
Column perimeter 1200 mm.

Punching-shear resistance prov. VpR1=Vmax*2*(cx*EffDY+cy*EffDX)/1E3
=4.3818*2*(300*1120+300*1140)/1E3
=5941.7 kN.
Punching-shear resistance reqd. =2500 kN.
Punching-shear stress on column perimeter is satisfactory.
Check punching shear at critical plane (Cl.3.11.4.5)
Punching-shear resistance:
Contribution from X-perimeter T1=2*(vcX*CP1Xp+vc*CP2Xp)*EffDX/1E3
=2*(1.0865*1200+0.38405*0)*1140/1E3
=2972.8 kN.
Contribution from Y1-perimeter T2=(vcY1*CP1Yp+vc*CP2Yp)*EffDY/1E3
=(0.93804*1440+0.38405*0)*1120/1E3
=1512.9 kN.
Contribution from Y2-perimeter T3=(vcY2*CP1Yp+vc*CP2Yp)*EffDY/1E3
=(3.4876*1440+0.38405*0)*1120/1E3
=5624.8 kN.
Total resistance provided VpR2=T1+T2+T3=2972.8+1512.9+5624.8
=10110 kN.
Punching-shear resistance reqd. =2500 kN.
Punching shear at critical section is satisfactory.
Office: 5466
MAIN REINFORCEMENT Characteristic strength 460 N/mm 2

IN X-DIRECTION: Diameter of bars 20 mm
SUMMARY Spacing 175 mm
Total number of bars 14
Total area required 4157.4 mm 2
Total area provided 4398.2 mm 2
Shape code=99 - comprising:
5 No. with A=C=160 mm, B=2550 mm
radius=80 mm
Volume of steel 9504.9 cm 3
Weight of steel 74.613 kg
MAIN REINFORCEMENT Characteristic strength 460 N/mm 2

IN Y-DIRECTION: Diameter of bars 20 mm
SUMMARY Spacing 150 mm
Area reqd.@ critical section 4563 mm 2
Area prov.@ critical section 5654.9 mm 2

radius=60 mm
Volume of steel 10603 cm 3
Office: 5466
DISTRIBUTION Characteristic strength 460 N/mm 2
REINFORCEMENT Diameter of bars 20 mm
SUMMARY
IN X-DIRECTION:
In top: Number of bars 14
Spacing of bars 175 mm
Area required 1690 mm2/m
Area provided 1795.2 mm2/m

5 No. with A=2550 mm
1 No. with A=850 mm

IN Y-DIRECTION:
In top: Number of bars 16
Area required 1690 mm2/m
Area provided 1795.2 mm2/m

2 No. with A=765 mm

Office: 5466
SIDE BARS SUMMARY Characteristic strength 460 N/mm 2
Diameter of bars 12 mm
5 Shape code=38 (A=C=445 mm, B=2590 mm)

10 Shape code=99 (o/a length=3195 mm) thus:
___ 2275 ___

690
1590 _ _
/ 900
_ _ ________/ _ _
665 1610
QUANTITIES Total volume of concrete needed 6.7509 m 3

Total area of formwork 11.686 m 2
Total volume of steel 43039 cm 3
Total weight of steel 337.85 kg
Approx.self-weight of pile cap 162.02 kN

Approx.total load on single pile 880 kN
Approx.total load on twin pile 892 kN
No743

Triangular Pile Cap Structville

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Triangular Pile Cap Structville

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

STRUCTVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES LIMITED Page: 1

DESIGN OF STORAGE TANK SUPPORT Made by: UBANI

Location: Pilecap for tank supports

BX Pilecap for three piles

For bond calculations any

Design to BS8110(1997) with partial safety factor for steel gammaS=1.05

Effective breadths (obtained from pile geometry):

As pile spacing exceeds 3 , shear stresses can only be enhanced along

Total moment Mx=N2*(AX/2-cx/2)*10^3

Considering moment in direction of single pile:

Minimum percentage of steel required in top and bottom in

The IStructE/ICE 'Manual for the design of reinforced concrete building

Design concrete shear stress taken from formula in Table 3.8.

Check shear resistance in Y-direction (Cl.3.11.4.4)

Check plane passing through single pile on X-X axis:

Check plane passing through twin-piles:

Check punching shear at column face (Cl.3.11.4.5)

Column perimeter 1200 mm.

Check punching shear at critical plane (Cl.3.11.4.5)

MAIN REINFORCEMENT Characteristic strength 460 N/mm 2

MAIN REINFORCEMENT Characteristic strength 460 N/mm 2

Shape code=38 - comprising:

Shape code=20 - comprising:

Volume of steel 8625.2 cm 3

Shape code=20 - comprising:

Volume of steel 8724.2 cm 3

5 Shape code=38 (A=C=445 mm, B=2590 mm)

___ 2275 ___

QUANTITIES Total volume of concrete needed 6.7509 m 3

Approx.self-weight of pile cap 162.02 kN

You might also like

Total moment Mx=N2(AX/2-cx/2)10^3

_ 2275 _