UNIVERSITI

TEKNOLOGI

CES 522/504 Reinforced Concrete Design

MARA
KAMPUS PULAU PINANG

DESIGN APPENDIX
CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

CONCRETE COVER FOR FIRE RESISTANCE

REF: BS EN 1992-1-2: 2004

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

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DESIGN FORMULA FOR RECTANGULAR SECTIONS

REF: BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004

Valid only for fck  50 MPa.

𝑀
𝐾=
𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑘

Limiting value, Kbal = 0.167 (only for 0% moment redistribution case)

If K ≤ Kbal, compression reinforcement is not required, and

𝐾
𝑧 = 𝑑 {0.5 + √0.25 − }
1.134

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧

If K > Kbal, compression reinforcement is required, and

𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙
𝑧 = 𝑑 {0.5 + √0.25 − }
1.134

(𝐾 − 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 )𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2
𝐴𝑠 ′ =
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )

Check d’/d or d’/x

If d’/d ≤ 0.171 or d’/x ≤ 0.38

𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2
𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴𝑠 ′
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑏𝑎𝑙

If d’/d > 0.171 or d’/x > 0.38

𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑠𝑐

𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴𝑠 ′ ×
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑏𝑎𝑙 0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘

Where fsc = Es x sc = 200000sc

= 700(1 – d’/x)

To ensure x  0.45d: (A’s,prov – A’s,req)  (As,prov – As,req)

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DESIGN FORMULA FOR FLANGED SECTIONS

Ultimate moment of resistance in flange, Mf

ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑓 = 0.567 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑓 ℎ𝑓 (𝑑 − )
2

If M ≤ Mf, the neutral axis lies in flange

Therefore, design as a rectangular section.

If M > Mf, the neutral axis lies below flange (for 0% moment redistribution)

𝑏𝑤 ℎ𝑓 𝑏𝑤 ℎ𝑓
𝛽𝑓 = 0.167 + 0.567 (1 − ) (1 − )
𝑏𝑓 𝑑 𝑏𝑓 2𝑑

ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑢𝑓 = 𝛽𝑓 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑓 𝑑 2 = 0.167𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑤 𝑑2 + 0.567𝑓𝑐𝑘 (𝑏𝑓 − 𝑏𝑤 ) (𝑑 − )ℎ
2 𝑓

If M  Muf , compression reinforcement is not required.

𝑀 + 0.1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (0.36𝑑 − ℎ𝑓 )

𝐴𝑠 =
ℎ𝑓
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 (𝑑 − )
2

If M > Muf , compression reinforcement is required.

(𝑀 − 𝑀𝑢𝑓 )
𝐴𝑠 ′ =
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 (𝑑 − 𝑑′)

0.167𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 + 0.567 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑓 − 𝑏𝑤 )

𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴𝑠 ′
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘

DESIGN FOR SHEAR

REF. SECTION 6.2: BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004

Maximum shear resistance, VRd,max

𝑓𝑐𝑘
0.36 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (1 − )𝑓
250 𝑐𝑘
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.0 ≤ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 ≤ 2.5 (22° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 45°)
(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)

Shear resistance of the concrete, VRd,c

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.12𝑘(100𝜌𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 ≥ 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

Shear links

Minimum shear links

CRACK CONTROL

𝑓𝑦𝑘 (𝐺𝑘 + 0.3 𝑄𝑘 ) 1

𝑓𝑠 = × where  = 1.0 (combination for domestic and office building)
1.15 (1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5 𝑄𝑘 ) 𝛿

BEAM TORSION DESIGN

REF BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Cl. 6.3

Hollow box thickness, tef = A/u

TRd,max = 1.33v1 fck tef Ak /(cotθ + tanθ) where v1 = 0.6(1- fck / 250)

Additional torsional link reinforcement

Asw / s = TEd / (2Ak*0.87 fyk cotθ) where s  uk / 8

Additional torsional longitudinal reinforcement

Asl = TEd uk cotθ / 2Ak*0.87fylk

Combined shear and torsion check

TEd /TRd,max + VEd /VRd,max  1.0

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

MOMENT AND SHEAR COEFFICIENT FOR A CONTINUOUS BEAM

REF BS 8110: Part 1: 1997

(1.35Gk + 1.5Qk)

Note:
a) Characteristic variable action, Qk may not exceed characteristic permanent action, Gk.
b) Loads should be substantially uniformly distributed over three or more spans.
c) Variations in span length should not exceed 15% of the longest.

MOMENT AND SHEAR COEFFICIENT FOR SOLID SLABS

CONTINUOUS ONE WAYSLAB (REF BS 8110: Part 1: 1997)

(1.35Gk + 1.5Qk)

SIMPLY SUPPORTED TWO WAY SLAB (REF BS 8110: Part 1: 1997)

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

TWO WAY RESTRAINED SLAB (MOMENTS)

REF BS 8110: Part 1: 1997

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

TWO WAY RESTRAINED SLAB (SHEARS) (REF BS 8110: Part 1: 1997)

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

COLUMN DESIGN
Effective length, l0 (for compression member in regular frames)

𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
with 𝑘1 = 𝑘2 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑) = ∑ 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠

where: column stiffness, Kcol = EI/l

beam stiffness, Kbeam = 2EI/l

Slenderness ratio limit,  lim

Refer to BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Cl 5.8.3.1 (1)

BIAXIAL BENDING COLUMN DESIGN:

Method adopted from BS 8110: Part 1: 1997

𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
If ≥
ℎ′ 𝑏′

ℎ′
𝑀′𝑧 = 𝑀𝑧 + 𝛽 𝑀
𝑏′ 𝑦
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
If <
ℎ′ 𝑏′

𝑏′
𝑀′𝑦 = 𝑀𝑦 + 𝛽 𝑀
ℎ′ 𝑧

Equation for coefficient, 

𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝛽 =1− 𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
 0.3 0.3  β  1.0

Or refer to BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Cl. 5.8.9 (1) to (4)

SLENDER COLUMN DESIGN

Simplified method - nominal curvature method: Refer to BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Cl. 5.8.8 (5.8.8.1 to
5.8.8.3)

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

DESIGN CHARTS (Rectangular Column)

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PAD FOOTING DESIGN

h d

Maximum shear
2.0 d Punching shear perimeter
= column perimeter + 4d

1.0 d

Area within perimeter = (c + 4d)2 – (4 -  )(2d)2 [For square column only]

FOOTING PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK

1. Without shear reinforcement: Refer to BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Cl. 6.4.4

2. With shear reinforcement: Refer to BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Cl. 6.4.5

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

PILE CAP DESIGN

Number of piles Group arrangement Tensile force

2 A B
TAB = Nl/2d
2l

A
3
2l
TAB = TBC = TAC = 2Nl/9d

C B
2l

A B
4

2l TAB = TBC = TCD = TAD = Nl/4d

D C
2l

PILE CAP SHEAR CHECK

Φ/5
Check shear along this section

Punching shear
2.0d
perimeter

av

Critical section for shear check

Pile cap shear enhancement

If pile spacing  3.0, VEd may be decreased by multiplying av /2d across the whole critical
section.

Pile cap punching shear check

If pile spacing  3.0pile, no punching shear check is required.

Shear force at column face (column perimeter)

𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5𝑢𝑑 [0.6 (1 − )]
250 𝛾𝑐

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CONFIDENTIAL DESIGN APPENDIX CES522

TABLE OF REINFORCEMENTS

Sectional Areas of Group of Bars (mm2)

Bar Number of Bars

Size
(mm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8 50.3 101 151 201 252 302 352 402 453 503
10 157 236 314 393 471 550 628 707 785
12 226 339 452 566 679 792 905 1020 1130
16 402 1010 1210 1410 1610 1810 2010
20 628 943 1260 1570 1890 2200 2830 3140
25 982 1470 2450 3440 4420 4910
32 804 1610 2410 4020 4830 5630 6430 7240 8040
40 1260 2510 3770 5030 6280 7540 8800 10100 11300 12600

Sectional Areas Per meter Width for Various Bar Spacing (mm2/m)

Bar Spacing of Bars

Size
(mm) 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 250 300
8 1010 671 503 402 168
10 1570 1050 449 393 314 262
12 2260 1510 1130 905 754 646
16 4020 2680 2010 1610 1340 1150 1010 804 670
20 3280 4190 3140 2510 2090 1800 1570 1260 1050
25 9820 6550 4910 3930 3270 2810 2450 1960 1640
32 16100 10700 8040 6430 5360 4600 4020 3220 2680
40 25100 16800 12600 10100 8380 7180 6280 5030 4190

Asw/s for varying stirrup diameter and spacing (mm2/mm)

Bar Stirrup Spacing (mm)

Size
(mm) 85 90 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
6
8 1.183 1.118 1.006 0.805 0.671 0.575 0.503 0.447 0.402 0.366 0.335
10 1.847 1.744 1.57 1.256 1.047 0.897 0.785 0.698 0.628 0.571 0.523
12 2.659 2.511 2.26 1.808 1.507 1.291 1.13 1.004 0.904 0.822 0.753
16 4.729 4.467 4.02 3.216 2.68 2.297 2.01 1.787 1.608 1.462 1.34
Note: Asw is based on the cross-sectional area of two legs of the stirrup

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