DUW10012 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Task : Answer the question below

Total marks of the CASE STUDY is 30 marks
SUBMISSION DATE: 28 OCT 2020

CASE STUDY 2 : Grouping

Topic 5: - Fire Safety

QUESTIONS
Describes emergency evacuation plan for a building. The criteria base on the Emergency
Evacuation Procedures (a step-by-step guide, from alarm to safety, of the evacuation procedures
from different floors and buildings) and Evacuation Routes (preferably with diagrams).

(30 marks)

Explanation
Each group should provide a report of the topic before do the presentation. The report should
include as follows:

1.0 Introduction of emergency

2.0 Evacuation procedures
3.0 Identify fire hazard control
4.0 Identify fire emergency exit
5.0 Evacuation plan for the building
5.1 Draw the evacuation plan of the building
5.2 Show the direction of assembly point
6.0 Assembly point
7.0 Conclusion
8.0 Reference
9.0 Appendices.

The format of report writing:

a) Use size font 12 Times New Roman.
b) 1.5 spacing
c) POLISAS cover see page 2

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 COURSE: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
COURSE CODE: DUW10012

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

CLASS:

NO. ID GROUP MEMBERS

02DLS19F1001 KHAIRUL ASRAF BIN BADRUL HISHAM

02DLS19F1018 MUHAMMAD IKRAM BIN ROMINASURUDIN

02DLS19F1056 MOHAMAD MUHAIMIN BIN MOHD ROZI

02DLS19F1036 AHMAD ISHAMI BIN ZAINUDDIN

02DLS19F1062 MUHAMMAD SHAIFUDIN BIN SALMIZI

02DLS19F1083 WAN AZAMUDDIN BIN CHE WAN SHAMSUL AKHBAR

LECTURER: MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN ABD RASHID

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1.0 Introduction of emergency

An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment.[1] Most

emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations,
mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative care for the aftermath.

While some emergencies are self-evident (such as a natural disaster that threatens many lives), many smaller
incidents require that an observer (or affected party) decide whether it qualifies as an emergency. The
precise definition of an emergency, the agencies involved and the procedures used, vary by jurisdiction, and
this is usually set by the government, whose agencies (emergency services) are responsible for emergency
planning and management.

2.0 Evacuation Procedures

Evacuation means exiting a facility as directly and safely as possible. Evacuation is appropriate when
conditions inside a structure pose a threat to the health and safety of building occupants and leaving the
facility is safer than remaining inside of it. Evacuation should occur through the closest exit way, but
depending on the circumstances, an alternate or secondary evacuation route may need to be used.

Fire and evacuation alarms are intended to alert building occupants that a fire or other life-threatening
situation exists. Upon hearing the alarm, everyone should leave the building immediately. In the event of a
fire, the following steps should be taken to ensure the safety of all building occupants:

The following is emergency evacuation procedures:

1. On hearing an evacuation alarm, or on instruction of emergency control personnel, immediately

cease all activity and secure personal valuables.
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 2. Assist any person in immediate danger, but only if safe to do so.
3. If practical, and only if safe to do so, secure any activity or process that may become hazardous or
suffer damage if left unattended as a consequence of evacuation.
4. Act in accordance with directions given by emergency control personnel and evacuate the building
immediately.
5. Assist with the general evacuation if directed to do so by emergency control personnel.
6. Assist with the evacuation of disabled occupants.
7. In a fire, do not use a lift to evacuate a building.
8. Move calmly to the nominated evacuation assembly area and do not leave the evacuation assembly
area until the all clear has been given.
9. Follow the instructions of relevant emergency services personnel and campus emergency control
personnel.
10. Once you have exited the space, make sure to put a safe distance between you and the building.
Depending upon the situation, authorities may have set up a do not cross line to indicate a safe
distance.
11. Once you are a safe distance away from the building, check in with the authorities or emergency
responders to let them know you're safe and see what your next steps need to be. This is also the time
to let someone know if you have been injured during evacuation.

3.0 Identify Fire Hazard Control

Classification of Fires:-

Class A - involving solidsClass A - involving solids e.g. woode.g. wood 2.2.

Class B - involving flammable liquids

Class C - involving gases like LPG or acetylene

Class D - involving metals and metal powders

Class E -- involving electrical firesinvolving electrical fires 6.6.

Class F - involving cooking oils and fats

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4 steps to control fire hazards in your workplace

Follow these steps to control the fire hazard in your workplace:-

 Identify fire hazard in your workplace, for example , presence of ignition sources (heaters, lighting,
electrical equipment) and fuel (packaging, plastics, rubber, petrol, chemicals)
 Assess the risks posed by the hazards that you’ve identified – this will determine which hazards need
the most urgent attention.
 Put measures in place to control the risks – the hierarchy of control is a useful tool to use here, e.g.
eliminate work processes that could generate an explosive atmosphere, service and clean all
machinery as recommended by manufacturers, switch off electricity points when the business is
unattended, remove waste material that could act as fuel, store and dispose of flammable substances
correctly.
 Monitor the hazards and review the controls – this will ensure that the controls are minimising the
risks effectively.
 Elimination or reduction in the use and storage of flammable and combustible
 Control ignition sources.
 Safe storage and use of flammable liquids.

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4.0 Identify fire emergency exit

An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire: the combined use of regular
and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative if the route to the regular
exit is blocked by fire, etc.

Emergency exit in Universitetet metro station in Stockholm

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The qualifications for an emergency exit are as follows: it must be in a location that is easily accessible, the
exit must have an area or location that it can bring people to in the event of any emergency situation, it must
be controlled by the inside of the building, it must be well managed and regularly up kept, and it must be in
a permanent location.It is usually in a strategically located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely
places) outward opening door with a crash bar on it and with exit signs leading to it. The name is a reference
to when they were frequently used, however, a fire exit can also be a main doorway must be able to be
unlocked from the inside of the room. A fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, mounted to the
outside of a building.

What are some other design and construction requirements for exit routes?

• Exit routes must be permanent parts of the workplace.

• Exit discharges must lead directly outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space
with access to the outside. These exit discharge areas must be large enough to accommodate the building
occupants likely to use the exit route.

• Exit stairs that continue beyond the level on which the exit discharge is located must be interrupted at that
level by doors, partitions, or other effective means that clearly indicate the direction of travel leading to the
exit discharge.

• Exit route doors must be unlocked from the inside. They must be free of devices or alarms that could
restrict use of the exit route if the device or alarm fails.

• Side-hinged exit doors must be used to connect rooms to exit routes. These doors must swing out in the
direction of exit travel if the room is to be occupied by more than 50 people or if the room is a high-hazard
area.

• Exit routes must support the maximum permitted occupant load for each floor served, and the capacity of
an exit route may not decrease in the direction of exit route travel to the exit discharge.

• Ceilings of exit routes must be at least 7 feet, 6 inches high.

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• An exit access must be at least 28 inches wide at all points. Where there is only one exit access leading to
an exit or exit discharge, the width of the exit and exit discharge must beat least equal to the width of the
exit access. Objects that project into the exit must not reduce its width.

• Outdoor exit routes are permitted but must meet the minimum height and width requirement for indoor exit
routes and must

− have guardrails to protect unenclosed sides if a fall hazard exists;

− be covered if snow or ice is likely to accumulate, unless the employer can demonstrate accumulations will
be removed before a slipping hazard exists;

− be reasonably straight and have smooth, solid, substantially level walkways;and

− not have a dead-end longer than 20 feet.

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5.0 Evacuation plan for the building

An evacuation floor plan with three exits, has the primary exit designated in the upper left by an arrow, with
two main flows coming toward it indicated by bent arrows. Persons in the upper left half of the building are
directed toward this exit. The secondary exit is located centrally on the adjacent outer wall on the right side
of the building. Persons in the top hallway and second hallway are directed with arrows toward this exit.
There is a third exit in the last hallway, centrally located in the outer wall opposite the outer wall with the
primary exit and adjacent to the secondary exit. Persons in the third hallway are directed by arrows to exit
out this doorway. Gray boxes indicate a row of rooms along the outer walls, with hallways parallel to the
rows of outer rooms on three sides of the building. The outer wall on the left side of the building has a
hallway along the outer wall. Four sets of six gray boxes representing rooms are along the internal corridors
and there are three large rooms centrally located with internal hallways connecting the top and bottom of the
building .

6.0 Assembly point

An “assembly point” is an allocated safe area outside of a building where people are asked to gather. This
area should be clearly marked with appropriate signage It should be positioned well away from the building
in an area where people will be out of danger and where they will not be in the way of fire crews or
incoming traffic.

The purpose of the gathering place is to provide a safe place in the event of a fire and to allow staff to check
that everyone has been evacuated. Every emergency road notice should tell people to move to the nearest
assembly point with the route as quickly and as quickly as possible. In large buildings, there may be more
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than one installation site. It is a good idea to set up a gathering place in a shelter in case of forced evacuation
in bad weather. People with disabilities should not be harmed in the hope of gathering in a place that is too
far from the place of relocation.

4 Factors to Consider

There are many factors to consider when deciding on a suitable assembly point, as simply plucking a
meeting point such “in the car park outside” could lead to great difficulties being encountered in a real fire
scenario.

Size

fire assembly point must be big enough to accommodate all staff. If your workplace is especially large, you
may need more than one primary assembly point, especially if your premises has multiple exit points.

The main thing to remember is that the location of your assembly point will differ depending on the size and
layout of your buildings, and where the escape route ends .

Location

Large, wide and open areas are preferred for fire assembly points, but they should not be located where they
may hinder the arrival of the emergency services e.g. driveways or car parks.

Distance

The assembly point should be a suitable safe distance away from the building, far enough away to be clear
of any possible smoke or heat being generated from the building. Too close to the building could mean your
staff being affected by heat, smoke and falling debris.

Other dangers

Do not automatically assume you are safe after you leave the building. Check for any hazards outside the
premises, such as vehicle movement and other possible risks, and make sure your staff is aware of the
potential hazards.

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7.0 CONCLUSION

As conclusion, difference between the incidents is on the readiness and efficiency of emergency response
teams to deal with emergencies that occur. Preparation includes that preparation of a comprehensive
emergency response plan, completed by the organization, team and individual with the necessary equipment
and training. All this is provided on condition that the employer and the organization plans to develop the
plan and support it with adequate funding and resources. There is a great deal more to meeting the
requirements of Emergency Preparedness and Response of ISO14001:2015 than just lip service. This is
nothing new, it was also a requirement of the 2004 standard. However, on a daily basis, we continue to see
poorly prepared emergency response practices, with OHS and Business focus but little thought to
Environmental impacts (which may well last for years). By properly considering the requirements of the
standard, in the real context of the organisation, there is an opportunity to practice responsible
environmental management at all levels of the business, under even the most adverse conditions.

A comprehensive emergency response plan that provides the necessary structure for managing critical
incidents is of vital importance to any organization. However, an emergency response plan will not work
properly unless realistic training is provided and it is thoroughly tested prior to implementation in an actual
emergency. Training and testing help to identify areas in need of improvement thereby enhancing
communication and coordination among all emergency response personnel.

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8.0 REFERENCE

https://safety security.uchicago.edu/emergency_management/all_hazard_safety_procedures/evacuation/

https://www.latrobe.edu.au/emergency/procedures/evacuation

https://www.wikihow.com/Evacuate-a-Building-in-an-Emergency

https://healthandsafetyhandbook.com.au/4-steps-to-control-fire-hazards-in-your-workplace/#:~:text=Follow
%20these%20steps%20to%20reduce,%2C%20chemicals%2C%20etc

https://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION/emergency-preparedness-and-response-plan-why-one-
size-will-not-fit-all

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9.0 Appendices

Content Page number

Introduction of Emergency 1
Evacuation of Procedures 1-1
Identify fire hazard control 3-5
Identify fire emergency exit 6-8
Evacuation plan for the building 9
Assembly point 9-10
Conclusion 11
Reference 12

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