A Micro Project Report on   

Subject:- Fluid Mechanics And Machinery

Report on Hydroelectric Powerplant

By
Nitin Dudhavade
Raj Chauhan
Sumit Shelar
Partha Paul
Parth Gothkar
  

Guide    
Miss. V.R Jadhav

                                                                              

Department of Mechanical Engineering 

Y.B. Patil Polytechnic,

Akurdi, Pune

(2019-20)

 
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CERTIFICATE
    

This is to certify that Mr. Nitin, Partha, Raj, Parth, Sumit, has successfully
completed the Micro project report entitled “Hydroelectric Powerplant” under
my Supervision, in the partial fulfillment of Diploma in Mechanical
Engineering (Fluid Mechanics And Machinery) of MSBTE.    

Date:        
Place: Akurdi    

Guid
e
Ms. V.R Jadhav

Principal
Prof. A.S.Kondekar

DECELERATION

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We hereby declare that the project report entitled “Hydroelectric Powerplant” Was carried out
and written by me under guidance of Ms.V.R Jadhav,the lecturer department of mechanical
engineering Akurdi. This work has not been previously formed the basis of the award of any
degree or diploma or certified nor has been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree
or diploma.

PLACE:-Akurdi
Nitin Dudhavade (Y-2533)
Sumit Shelar (Y-2530)
Parth Gothkar (Y -2529)

Date:-

Sign Of Subject Teacher

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 It is indeed a matter of great pleasure & privilege to be able to present this project report on
“Hydroelectric Powerplant” under the valuable guidance of Ms.V.R Jadhav,  lecturer,  

department of mechanical engineering, for her valuable guidance, advice  and constant
aspiration to our work. I would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to all the group
members for their constant help and support in the project. Also here we would like to thank
our honorable Principal Mr. A.S. Kondekar who made all the facilities available for our college
premises. I am also thankful to our Head of Department Mr. D.V. Moghekar and all of my
teachers. It has been great fun to work together with the problems related with project.
Financial support from our parents is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank our
parents for their understanding and support during these days.  
Many thank to our group members for their patience, encouragements amongst us.    
                                                                      
    
    
Q   

    
    
  

  

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 INDEX
    
 

Sr. No. Title Page No.

01 Abstract 01

02 Introduction 03

03 Construction & working 05

04 Materials required 07

05 Discussion 9

06 Conclusion 10

07 Reference 12

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 ABSTRACT

 Hydro power plants convert potential energy of water into electricity. It is a clean source of
energy .The water after generating electrical power is available for irrigation and other
purposes. The first use of moving water to produce electricity was a waterwheel on the Fox
River in Wisconsin in 1882. Hydropower continued to play a major role in the expansion of
electrical service early in this century around the world. Hydroelectric power plants generate
from few kW to thousands of MW. They are classified as micro hydro power plants for the
generating capacity less than 100 KW. Hydroelectric power plants are much more reliable
and efficient as a renewable and clean source than the fossil fuel power plants. This resulted
in upgrading of small to medium sized hydroelectric generating stations wherever there was
an adequate supply of moving water and a need for electricity. As electricity demand soared
in the middle of this century and the efficiency of coal and oil fueled power plants increased,
small hydro plants fell out of favor. Mega projects of hydro power plants were developed.
The majority of these power plants involved large dams, which flooded big areas of land to
provide water storage and therefore a constant supply of electricity. In recent years, the
environmental impacts of such large hydro projects are being identified as a cause for
concern.

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 INTRODUCTION   

Hydroelectric power, or hydroelectricity, is basically electrical energy that has been generated using
natural forces such as gravity or flowing water. It's usually produced by dams, because dams can store
and direct large volumes of water. Hydroelectric power is becoming increasingly popular.Dams can
generate electricity because they contain special mechanisms designed to take the energy in flowing
water and turn it into electrical power. A power source is used to spin a turbine—basically a
propeller—which in turn spins a metal shaft,forming the equivalent of an electrical generator that
produces and stores electricity. The power source, in the case of hydropower, is water itself. When water
moves a turbine, the turbine spins, and electromagnets in the turbine generate an electric current in the
stationary coils of wire inside them.   
        
    

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 Construction & working 
In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from
higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. The potential energy
stored in the water at upper water level will release as kinetic energy when it falls to the lower
water level. This turbine rotates when the following water strikes the turbine blades. To achieve
a head difference of water hydroelectric electric power station are generally constructed in hilly
areas. In the way of the river in hilly areas, an artificial dam is constructed to create required
water head. From this dam water is allowed to fall toward downstream in a controlled way to
turbine blades. As a result, the turbine rotates due to the water force applied to its blades and
hence the alternator rotates since the turbine shaft is coupled with alternator shaft.
The main advantage of an electric power plant is that it does not require any fuel. It only requires
water head which is naturally available after the construction of the required dam.No fuel means
no fuel cost, no combustion, no generation of flue gases, and no pollution in the atmosphere. Due
to the absence of fuel combustion, the hydroelectric power plant itself is very neat and clean. In
addition to that, it does not produce any pollution to the atmosphere. Also from constructional
point of view, it is simpler than any thermal and nuclear power plant.
The constructional cost of a hydroelectric power plant maybe higher than that of other
conventional thermal power plants because of construction of a huge dam across the flowing
river. The engineering cost in addition to the constructional cost is also high in a hydroelectric
power plant. Another disadvantage of this plant is that it cannot be constructed anywhere
according to the load centres.
So, long transmission lines are required to transmit the generated power to the load
centres.mThus the transmission cost may be high enough.
In spite of that, the stored water in the dam can also be utilised for irrigation and any other
similar purposes. Sometimes by creating such dam in the way of the river, occasional floods in
the downstream of the river can be controlled significantly.

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 There are only six primary components required to construct a hydroelectric power plant.
These are dam, pressure tunnel, surge tank, valve house, penstock, and powerhouse.The dam is
an artificial concrete barrier constructed across the way of the river. The catchment area behind
the dam creates a huge water reservoir.The pressure tunnel takes water from the dam to the valve
house.
In the valve house, there are two types of valves available. The first one is main sluicing valve
and the second one is an automatic isolating valve. The sluicing valves control the water flowing
to the downstream and automatic isolating valves stop the water flow when the electrical load is
suddenly thrown off from the plant. Automatic isolating valve is a protecting valve does not play
any direct role control the flow of water to the turbine. It only operates during emergency to
protect the system from burst out.
The penstock is a steel pipeline of suitable diameter connected between the valve house and
powerhouse. The water flows down from upper valve house to lower powerhouse through this
penstock only.In the powerhouse there are water turbines and alternators with associated step up
transformers and switchgear systems to generate and then facilitate transmission of electricity.
At last, we will come to the surge tank. The surge tank is also a protective accessory associated
with hydroelectric power plant. It is situated just before the valve house.The height of the tank
must be greater than the head of the water stored in the water reservoir behind the dam. This is
an open top water tank.

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 DISCUSSION

Hydropower is important from an operational standpoint as it needs no "ramp-up" time, as

many combustion technologies do. Hydropower can increase or decrease the amount of power
it is supplying to the system almost instantly to meet shifting demand. With this important
load-following capability, peaking capacity and voltage stability attributes, hydropower plays a
significant part in ensuring reliable electricity service and in meeting customer needs in a
market driven industry. In addition, hydroelectric pumped storage facilities are the only
significant way currently available to store electricity.
Hydropower=s ability to provide peaking power, load following, and frequency control helps
protect against system failures that could lead to the damage of equipment and even brown or
blackouts. Hydropower, besides being emissions-free and renewable has the above operating
benefits that provide enhanced value to the electric system in the form of efficiency, security,
and most important, reliability. The electric benefits provided by hydroelectric resources are of
vital importance to the success of our National experiment to deregulate the electric industry.
Water is one of our most valuable resources, and hydropower makes use of this renewable
treasure. As a National leader in managing hydropower, Reclamation is helping the Nation meet
its present and future energy needs in a manner that protects the environment by improving
hydropower projects and operating them more effectively

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Required Tools:   
1. Wood ( 50 × 35 )
2. Motor
3. Glue
4. Screws
5. Hammer
6. Copper wire
7. Bulb
8. Cutting machine
9. Hexo

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 CONCLUSIONS

Growth of hydropower is slow and its contribution to globalelectricity

supply is falling. Both are due to economic factors,the slow pace of a large-
scale project construction, the remoteness of high-potential the sites, and
increasing resistance to the social and environmental effects of large dams.

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 REFERENCES

1. https://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/generator_service_and_maintenance.aspx
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5HraMKr1Nk
3. https://constructionreviewonline.com/2014/07/7-key-steps-for-diesel-generator-maintenance/
4. https://www.eneria.fr/en/energy/diesel-generator-sets/diesel-generator-sets-maintenance/
5. https://www.ecmweb.com/ops-amp-maintenance/implementing-standby-generator-maintenance-
program-diesel-engines

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