UMTS Radio Channel

ZTE University
Content

„ Classification of channels
„ Structure and Function of channels
„ Physical layer procedure
Architecture of UMTS

CN

Iu Iu

RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC

Iub Iub Iub Iub

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB

UE
Channel Type
„ Physical channel
„ Transport channel UE
„ Logical channel
Node B
RNC

Logical channel

Transport channel

Physical channel
Concept of channel

RLC layer
Logical channel L2
MAC layer

Transport channel

PHY layer L1
Physical channel
Channel Type

„ Logical channels:
z Describe what is transported (i.e., the information to be
transmitted)
„ Transport channels:
z Describe how the logical channels are to be transmitted.
„ Physical channels:
z Represent the “transmission media” providing the
platform through which the information is actually
transferred.
Protocol stack of the Uu interface
GC Nt DC

D u p lic a tio n a v o id a n c e

GC Nt DC
U u S b o u n d ary
C - p la n e s ig n a llin g U - p la n e in f o r m a tio n

RRC c o n tr o l L3

R a d io
control

control

control
control

B e a re rs

PDCP
PDCP L 2 /P D C P

BM C
L 2 /B M C

RLC RLC L 2 /R L C
RLC RLC
RLC RLC
RLC RLC

L o g ic a l
C h a n n e ls

M AC L 2 /M A C
T ran sp o rt
C h a n n e ls
PHY L1
Logical Channels

Control Channel (CCH) Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Traffic Channel (TCH) Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

Transport Channel

Common Transport Channels Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)
Random Access Channel (RACH)

Forward Access Channel (FACH)

Common Packet Channel (CPCH)

Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)

Dedicated Transport Channels Dedicated Channel (DCH)

 Physical Channel

Uplink Physical Channels Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)

Downlink Physical Channels Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)

Page Indication Channel (PICH)

Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)

Mapping relationship

Uplink Downlink

Logic DCCH DCCH

CCCH DTCH PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH
Channel DTCH

Transport
Channel
RACH CPCH DCH PCH BCH FACH DSCH DCH
Mapping relationship

Transport Channels Physical Channels

DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
RACH Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
CPCH Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
BCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
FACH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
PCH
Synchronization Channel (SCH)
DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)
Page Indication Channel (PICH)
Content

„ Classification of channels
„ Structure and Function of channels
„ Physical layer procedure
UMTS frame structure
Physical Channels(1)

„ The physical channel is in a 3-layer structure by

the time:
z Superframe
„ One superframe lasts 720ms, and consists of 72 radio frames.
z radio frame
„ One radio frame has a period of 10ms, and comprises 15
timeslots with the same length. Corresponding to 38400 chips,
it is a basic unit of the physical layer.
z Timeslot
„ A timeslot is a unit composed of a bit domain, corresponding to
2560 chips. The bit number and structure of a timeslot depends
on the specific type of the physical channel.
Physical Channels(2)
„ The frame structure of the physical channels is shown:

Ttimeslot= 2560 chip

Tslot #1 Tslot #2 Tslot #I Tslot #15

Tframe=10 ms

Frame #0 Frame #1 Frame #I Frame #71

Tsuperframe=720 ms
Physical Channel
Uplink physical channel
„ Two UL Dedicated physical channel (DPDCH and DPCCH)
„ Two UL Common physical channel (PRACH and PCPCH)

Dedicated physical
Control channel DPCCH
UL Dedicated physical
Dedicated physical DPDCH channel
data channel
Physical random PRACH
Access channel
UL Common physical
Physical common PCPCH channel
Packet channel
Uplink Dedicated physical channel
PRACH

„ Physical Random Access Channel

z PRACH consists preamble part and message part
z Random access transmit 1or more 4096 chips length
preambles and 10ms or 20ms length message part.

Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part

4096 chips 10 ms (one radio frame)

Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part

4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

PRACH transmitted structure
PRACH
„ Physical Random Access Channel
z 10ms message part is split into 15 timeslots, each timeslot
consists of 2560chips.
z Each timeslot includes data part and control part. They are
transmitted in parallel .
z Data part :SF=32~256 , control part: SF=256.
Data
Data Ndata bits

Pilot TFCI
Control Npilot bits NTFCI bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..3)

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

Message part radio frameRACH

T = 10 ms
 PRACH Access Slot

radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms

5120 chips

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission

Access slot #1 Random Access Transmission

Access slot #7 Random Access Transmission

Access slot #8 Random Access Transmission

Access slot #14

Downlink physical channel
„ DL physical channel include Dedicated physical channel、
one Shared physical channel and five Common control
channels.
SCH

CPICH

PICH

DL common physical AICH

channel
CCPCH

PDSCH

DPCH
Downlink dedicated physical channel
Tasks of Uplink receiver
„ DPCCH is received and dispreaded decoded in a slot by
slot manner while the DPDCH is first buffered and then
decoded together with other frames that were jointly coded
with it (interleaved)
„ For every slot
z A channel estimate (amplitude and phase) and SIR estimate are
made based on the received pilot bits.
z Based on SIR determine downlink power control command and
send it
z Decode the TPC bit and adjust downlink transmission power
accordingly
„ For every second or fourth slot
z Decode FBI bits over two or four slots and adjust antenna phase
and/or amplitude accordingly depending on tranmission diversity
mode
Tasks of Uplink receiver

„ For every 10 ms frame

z Decode TFCI and obtain the bit rate and channel
decoding parameters for DPDCH
„ For Transmission Time Interval (TTI), i.e. how
often data must be delivered to higher layer
protocol (10-80 ms), decode DPDCH
Tasks of Downlink receiver

„ The same as in uplink except

z In downlink, the dedicated channel bit rate is constant
(except the bit rate of Downlink Shared Channel DSCH
which can vary)
z FBI bits are not used
z There is a Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) available
which can be used to increase the accuracy of channel
and SIR estimates
z If transmission diversity option is used receiver must
estimate the channel state for the two different pilot
patterns provided by the antennas
CPICH
CPICH
„ There is two types of CPICH:P-CPICH and S-PICH
„ P-CPICH:
z P-CPICH of different cell uses the same Cch,256,0 OVSF code to spread
,the bit rate of P-CPICH is also fixed.
z The P-CPICH is scrambled by the primary scrambling code.
z There is one and only P-CPICH per cell.
z The P-CPICH is broadcast over the entire cell. it is used to search cell
primary
z scrambling code during cell selection procedure. And it is also used for
measurement and estimation during handover, cell selection and cell re-
selection.
„ S-CPICH:
z A arbitrary channelization code of SF=256 is used for the S-CPICH.
z A S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling
code.
z There may be 0,1 or several S-CPICH per cell.
z A S-CPICH may be transmitted over the entire cell or part of the cell. It is
may be a phase reference for a dl DPCH, but it is decided by high layer
signalling.
P-CCPCH
SCH (1)
„ The Synchronization Channel (SCH) is a downlink signal
used for cell search.
„ The SCH consists of two sub channels, the Primary and
Secondary SCH.
„ The 10 ms radio frames of the Primary and Secondary
SCH are divided into 15 slots, each of length 2560 chips.

Structure of synchronization channel

SCH (2)
„ P-SCH
z The Primary SCH consists of a modulated code of length 256
chips. The modulated code need not spreading and scrambling.
z The primary synchronization code (PSC) is transmitted once every
slot
z The PSC is the same for every cell in the system.
„ S-SCH
z The Secondary SCH consists of repeatedly transmitting a length 15
sequence of modulated codes of length 256 chips.
z the Secondary Synchronization Codes (SSC), transmitted in
parallel with the Primary SCH.
z Each SSC is chosen from a set of 16 different codes of length 256.
z This sequence on the Secondary SCH indicates which of the code
groups the cell's downlink scrambling code belongs to.
S-CCPCH
PICH
„ PICH carries PI（Page Indication），SF=256，radio
frame=10ms，consists 300bits，288 bits for paging
indication，12 bits Tx Off。
„ PICH relates to S-CCPCH which mapping to PCH。

12 bits (transmission
288 bits for paging indication off)

b0 b1 b287 b288 b299

One radio frame (10 ms)

PICH frame structure

Content

Classification of channels
Structure and Function of channels
Physical layer procedure
Cell Search

„ UE has to get the system information before it

registers with the network and access to services.
„ The system information is beared in the BCH
channel, and its data is mapped into the Primary
CCPCH.
„ So the cell search procedure is mainly to decode
the data of P-CCPCH.
Cell search procedure (1)

„ The cell search is typically carried out in three

steps:
„ Step1: Slot synchronization
z During the first step of the cell search procedure the UE
uses the SCH channel's primary synchronization code
to acquire slot synchronization to a cell.
z This is typically done with a single matched filter (or any
similar device) matched to the primary synchronization
code which is common to all cells. The slot timing of the
cell can be obtained by detecting peaks in the matched
filter output.
Sketch of Slot Synchronization
Cell search procedure (2)

„ Step2: Frame synchronization and code-group

identification
z During the second step of the cell search procedure, the
UE uses the SCH channel's secondary synchronization
code to find frame synchronization and identify the code
group of the cell found in the first step.
z This is done by correlating the received signal with all
possible secondary synchronization code sequences,
and identifying the maximum correlation value. Since
the cyclic shifts of the sequences are unique the code
group as well as the frame synchronization is
determined.
Downlink Scrambling Code Grouping

No.63 Primary Scrambling Code Group

……
No. 511 Scrambling Code Group
No.0 Primary Scrambling Code Group
8176 8176：PSC
8177：SSC
8177 No. No. 7 Scrambling
510 Scrambling Code GroupCode Group
…
8160 …112 8176：PSC
8160：主扰码
8191：SSC
8191 8161 113 8177：辅扰码
No.8161：辅扰码 No. 1Code
504 Scrambling Scrambling
Group Code Group
… 8064：主扰码 … …
8064 16 16：PSC
81758065 127 8191：辅扰码 No. 0 Scrambling Code Group
8175：辅扰码
8065：辅扰码17 17：SSC
… … 0 0：PSC
8079 8079：辅扰码 31 31：SSC 1 1：SSC
…
15 15：SSC
Mapping of the Secondary Synchronization Code
Cell search procedure (3)

„ Step3: Scrambling-code identification

z During the third and last step of the cell search
procedure, the UE determines the exact primary
scrambling code used by the cell.
z The primary scrambling code is typically identified
through symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH
with all codes within the code group identified in the
second step.
„ After the primary scrambling code has been
identified, the Primary CCPCH can be detected so
that the cell specific BCH information can be read.
Cell search procedure
Summary of the process

Synchronization
Channel Note
acquired
Primary Chip, Slot, Symbol Synchronization 256 chips
SCH Synchronization The same in all cells

15-code sequence of secondary

Frame Synchronization, synchronization codes. There are 16
Secondary Code Group secondary synchronization codes. There
SCH are 64 S-SCH sequences corresponding to
(one of 64) the 64 scrambling code groups 256 chips,
different for different cells and slot intervals
Common Scrambling code (one To find the primary scrambling code from
Pilot CH of 8) common pilot CH

PCCPCH Synchronization, Fixed 30 kbps channel spreading factor 256

BCCH info
RACH procedure
„ UE decodes BCH to find out the available RACH sub-channels and
their scrambling codes and signatures
„ It selects randomly one of the available sub-channels and signatures
„ The downlink power is measured and the initial RACH power level is
set with a proper margin due to open loop inaccuracy
„ UE transmits 1ms long preamble with the selected signature
„ Node B replies by repeating the preamble using Acquisition Indication
Channel (AICH)
„ UE decodes AICH message to see whether the NodeB has detected
the preamble
z If AICH is not detected, the preamble is resend with 1 dB higher
transmit power
z If AICH is detected, a 10 or 20 ms long message part is transmitted
with the same power as the last preamble
RACH procedure
Paging
Paging