AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL METALS HANDBOOK

FeM
REVISED : MARCH 1973 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR = DR. R. P. WEI

1. GENERAL 1.06212 Sand castings. BHN 255 to 311 after normalizing and
This alloy is a modification of Type 410 stainless steel tempering (see 1.0522 and 1.055). Rockwell C 38
with Increased chromium and carbon contents and an minimum after austenitizing 1875 to 1925F, 30 min,
Fe
addition of about 2 percent nickel. It is on the borderline oil quench and tempering 650 to 700 F, 3 hr, air cool (8). 0.2 C
of a heat treatable stainless steel. Because of the rather 1.06213 Investment castings. Rockwell C 24 to 34 after normal¬
broad composition limits, it may require special consid¬ izing and tempering, (see 1.0522 and 1.055), Rockwell 16 Cr
erations regarding heat treatment, (see 1.09). It is nor¬ C 38 to 49 after austenitizing and tempering, (see 1.054
mally used at temperatures up to 800 F where moderate and 1.055)(7). 2 Ni
strength is required and provides corrosion resistance 1.0622 ASTM specified hardness. BHN 241 maximum for ASTM
superior to other hardenable chromium stainless grades. A296- Grade CB-30 (castings) (9),
It is frequently used in highly stressed parts where good 1.063 Effect of tempering temperature on hardness of invest¬ TYPE 431
corrosion resistance is important in design, such as air¬ ment castings, Figure 1.063.
craft fittings, pump shafts and valve parts (1, p.20)(2, Stainless
pp. 3- 4)(3)(4, p. 1)(5){6)(7)(8). 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available Steel
This alloy is available in bars, wire, rods, tubings, for¬
1.01 Commercial Designation gings and castings. Bars (over 2.75 in) are hot finished
Type 431. and annealed. Bars (less than 2.75 in) , wire and mech¬
anical tubing are annealed and cold finished (6)(7)(8)(17).
1.02 Alternate Designations
AISI 431; SAE 51431 (wrought); ASTM A -3 14, Type 431; 1.08 Melting and Casting Practices
ASTM A -276, Type 431; 431 Mod (cast); ASTM A-296, Electric furnace air melt, Induction vacuum melt and
Grade CB-30 (cast). consumable electrode vacuum melt (21, p. 5).

1.03 Specifications 1,09 Special Considerations

1.031 AMS specifications, Table 1.031. The composition of this steel is such that difficulties are
1.032 ASTM specifications. ASTM A-296, Grade CB-30 (cast¬ sometimes encountered in obtaining the expected mechan¬
ings), ASTM A -3 14, Type 431 (billets and bars), ASTM ical properties. The high chromium content tends to keep
A -276, Type 431 (bars). the structure ferritic during austenitization. This ten¬
dency is overcome by the addition of nickel which tends to
1.04 Composition
promote austenite formation. The composition limits,
1.041 Specified composition.
however, are rather broad and significant variations in
1.0411 AMS specified composition, Table 1.0411.
response to heat treatment and in mechanical properties
1.0412 ASTM specified composition, Table 1.0412.
can be expected within the normal ranges of chemistry.
If the chromium is high and nickel is low, the quenched
1.05 Heat Treatment
steel may contain ferrite and not develop full strength.
1.051 Anneal. Full anneal is impractical because of the long
Conversely, if the chromium is low and nickel is high,
cooling time required. Semi- anneal for bars and forg-
retention of austenite may be a problem and sub- cooling
ings, 1500 to 1600 F, 30 min, air cool. Reheat to 1250 F,
after quenching will be required. In such cases it is not
4 hr minimum, air cool (12).
Semi-anneal for castings, 1450 F minimum, furnace cool
recommended to substitute water quenching for refriger¬
ation as cracking may be encountered. Close tempera¬
to 1000F, air cool (10).
ture control and inert atmosphere for heat treatment at
1.052 Normalize for castings.
high temperature are recommended. Higher carbon con¬
1.0521 Sand castings. 1800 to 1850 F, 1hr per inch of section,
tents tend to increase tensile strength but lower the
30 min minimum, air cool (8).
corrosion resistance. Castings are available in more
1,0522 Investment castings. 1850 to 1900F, 1 hr per inch of
than one range of carbon contents. Stress relieving or
section, 30 min minimum, air cool to room temperature.
tempering in the range between 700 and llOOF is not
and cool to -90 F, maximum, 1hr minimum (7).
1.053 Stress relieve. 1200F, air cool (13, p. 40).
recommended because embrittlement may be encountered
1.054 Austenitize. 1800 to 1950 F, 1 hr per inch of section, 30 in this temperature range (I){5).
1.091 Hydrogen embrittlement may be a problem with this steel
min minimum, oil quench or air cool depending on size.
at high strength and hardness levels. Embrittlement may
Depending on composition, it may be necessary to follow
quenching by slow cooling to -90 F, maximum, and hold¬ be caused by cleaning processes such as pickling.
ing for 1hr minimum, to minimize retained austenite 1.0911 Susceptibility of 0.06 inch diameter wire to embrittle¬
(4. p.l)(7)(8)(12, P. S3). ment as a function of pickling time in 7 percent HCI,
1.0541 Preheat. For large parts or those already hardened, pre¬ Figure 1.0911.
heat before austenitizing. Heat slowly from 1000 to
1450 F, soak at 1450F, 1hr, and raise to austenitizing 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
temperature <12, p. 54),
1. 0542 Effect of austenitizing temperature on room temperature 2.01 Thermal Properties
tensile properties of as-quenched bar, Figure 1.0542. 2.011 Melting range. 2600 to 2750 F (1, p.39) (19, p. 18).
1. 0543 Effect of austenitizing atmosphere on room temperature 2.012 Fhase changes (14).
mechanical properties, Table 1.0543. Ad = 1500F Arl = 80 F
1.055 Temper. To avoid embrittlement, do not temper in the Ac3 = 1380F Ar3 = 500F
range between 700 and 1100 F. 2.0121 Time- temperature- transformation diagrams .
Double temper. 1175F, 1hr per inch, 2 hr minimum <12, 2.013 Thermal conductivity. 11.7 Btu ft per (hr sq ft F)
p. 53). Sand castings, HOOF, 2 hr minimum, air cool at 200 F (4, p.3).
following normalizing (8). Investment casting, 1100F, 2 2.014 Thermal expansion, Figure 2.014.
to 4 hr, air cool; plus following optional heat treatment: 2.015 Specific heat. 0.11 Btu per (Lb F), 32 to 212 F (1, p. 39)
austenitize, and temper at 600 to 700F, 2 hr, cool to-90F (19, p. 18).
maximum, hold for 1hr, retemper at 600 to 700 F, 2 hr, 2.016 Thermal diffusivity.
air cool (7).
2. 02 Other Physical Properties
1. 06 Hardness 2.021 Density. 0. 28 lb per cu in, 7.74 gm per cu cm, (19,
1.061 General. This steel is air hardening in thin sections. p. 18).
Oil quenching is required in large sections. 2.022 Electrical properties .
1.062 Specified hardness. 2.0221 -
Electrical resistivity. 28.35 microhm in or 72.0
1.0621 AMS specified hardness. microhm - cm at room temperature (1, p. 39) (4, p.3).
1. 06211 Bars and forgings. Rockwell C 40 minimum in 1inch 2.023 Magnetic properties. The alloy is ferromagnetic (19,
sections after 1850 to 1900 F, 25 min, oil quench (6). P-18).

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FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED : MARCH 1973

2.024 Emittacce. 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture

Fe 2.025 Damping capacity. 3.041 Creep and creep rupture curves at 900 to 1200F, Figure
3.041.
0.2 C 2.03 Chemical Properties
2.031 Corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of Type 3. 05 Fatigue Properties
16 Cr 431 is superior to other hardenable chromium stainless
steels, but is generally inferior to the 18-8 types. For 3. 06 Elastic Properties
2 Ni certain applications involving steam, food products and 3.061 Poisson's ratio.
salt sprays, however, this alloy compares very favorably 3.062 Modulus of elasticity in tension at room temperature.
with Type IS-8 stainless steels (4, p. 2). 29.0 x 103 ksi (1, p. 39)(4, p. 3).
TYPE 431 2.032 Oxidation resistance. Scales at about 1600 F (3, p. 3). 3.063 Modulus of rigidity at room temperature. 10.5 x 103 ksi
(18, p. 18).
Stainless 2.04 Nuclear Properties
Steel 4. FABRICATION
3.' MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
4.01 Formability
4. 011 General. Forming in the semi-annealed condition is
3.01 Mechanical Properties
Specified
recommended. In this condition forming is similar to the
3.011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011.
18-8 grades except that work hardening is less and that
3.012 ASTM specified mechanical properties, Table 3.012.
the ductility is lower (3, p. 2).
4.012 Forging. Starting temperature 2100 to 2250F maximum;
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature finishing temperature 1500 F minimum (21, p.2).
3.021 Tension. Slow cooling or stress relief at 1200 F is recommended
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams. {3, p. 2). To prevent loss of toughness and ductility, this
3.0212 Typical mechanical properties of wrought and cast pro¬ alloy should not be overheated.
ducts.
3.02121 Typical mechanical properties for bar, wire, sand cast¬ 4.02 Machining and Grinding
ings and precision castings, Tabic 3.02121. 4.021 General. Because of the relative high hardness of this
Typical tensile properties of bar, billet and forging, steel in the semi- annealed condition, machinability is
Table 3.02122. poorer than the other 400 grades . Machinability is sup¬
Effect of size and elevated temperature exposure on ten¬ erior to the 18-8 stainless steels, however. Best mach¬
sile properties . inability is obtained for cold drawn stock. Slow feeds,
Effect of size and 700 F exposure on tensile properties of deep cuts and rigid equipment are recommended. Both
bar, Figure 3.02131. carbide and high speed tools may be used with sulphur¬
3.0214 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties . ized cutting oils (17).
3.02141 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of
bar, Figure 3.02141. 4. 03 Welding
Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of 4.031 General. Welding is recommended only for parts used at
investment castings, Figure 3.02142. elevated temperatures. Welds show grain growth that
3.02143 Effect of tempering treatment on tensile properties of causes embrittlement at room temperature. Carbon arc
extruded bar. Table 3.02143. or oxy acetylene methods should not be used since they
3.022 Compression. cause carbon pick-up and consequently reduce corrosion
3.0221 Stress-st rain diagrams. resistance and ductility. For metal arc or Inert gas arc
3.023 Impact. welding, lime coated type electrodes may be used. In
3.0231 Effect of tempering temperature on impact strength of cases where high weld stresses are expected, 18-8 elec¬
bar, Figure 3 . 0231 . trodes are recommended. Resistance welding is readily
3.0232 Impact strength of bar, billet and forging at room tem¬ accomplished (4, p.2)(10, p. 2).
perature and -40 F, Table 3.0232. {See 3.02122). 4.032 Preheating before fusion welding is necessary. 300 to
3.0233 Effect of refrigeration and strain on impact strength at 400F for wrought product and 600 to 800F for castings.
room temperature and -40F, Table 3.0233. Stress relief after welding at 1200F is essential. For
3.024 Bending. improved weld ductility, a semi-anneal may be used
3.025 Torsion and shear. {See 3.0351). (10, p.2){17 , p. 2).
3.026 Bearing.
3.027 Stress concentration. 4.04 Surface Treatment
3.0271 Notch properties. 4.041 For scale removal, pickle in a bath of 20 percent (by
3.0272 Fracture toughness. weight) hydrochloric acid at 120 to 140 F or in a hot solu¬
3. 023 Combined properties. tion of 10 percent sulfuric acid and 6 to 12 percent rock
salt by weight. Rinsing in a warm solution of 15 to 30
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures percent nitric acid (by weight) and wash in water (17, p. 2)
3.031 Tension- (See 1.091).
3.0311 Stress- strain diagrams.
3.0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of bar,
Figure 3.0312.
3.0313 Effect of size on tensile properties of bar at 700 F, Fig-
ure 3.0313. (See Figure 3.02131).
3.032 Compression.
3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams.
3.033 .
Impact (See 3 . 0232 and 3 .0233) .
3.034 Bending.
3.035 Torsion and shear.
3.0351 Effect of size and exposure at 700 F on shear strength of AMS Form
bar at room temperature and 700F, Figure 3.0351. 5628C Bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, and
3.036 Bearing. forging stock
3.037 Stress concentration. 5353 Investment castings
3.0371 Notch properties. 5372 Sand castings
3.0372 Fracture toughness .
3.03S Combined properties. TABLE 1.031 AMS SPECIFICATIONS

CODE 1404
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REVISED: MARCH 1973 FERROUS ALLOYS

Source AMS<6) AMS(7) AMS<8) Source (15, Table 2)

Alloy Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni Alloy Fe-(0. 2C)-16Cr-2Ni Fe
Form Wrought Investment Sand Form 4 In by 4 in billet (L)
Casting Casting Condition 1800 F, 1/2 hr, OQ + 1150F. 0.2 C
Percent Percent Percent 2 hr, AC Specimens machined
Min Max Min Max Min Max after H.T. 16 Cr
Carbon 0.12 0.17 0.08 0.15 0.12 0.20 Austenitizing
Chromium 15.50 17.00 15.0 17.0 14.5 17.0 Atmosphere Argon Reducing Air 2 Ni
Copper - 0.50 - 1.0- - 0.50 Ftu-ksi 222 223 220
Manganese 0.30 0.80 - - 1.0 Fr, - ksi 151 152 158
TYPE 431
Molybdenum - 0.25 - 2.2- - 0.50 -
e(l in) percent
-
16.4
62
16.3 16.5
59
Nickel 2.00 3.00 1.5 1.5 2.25 HA percent 62
Stainless
ÿSilicon 0.20 0.60 - 0.04
1.0 - 1.0 Hardness(a) Rg - 46 46 46
Phosphorus - 0.040 - 0.04 - 0.04 IE Charpy V(b) ft lb - 34.4 25.6 37.9 Steel
Sulfur
Nitrogen
-
-
0.030
0.10
-
0.03 0.12
-- 0.04
-
(a) Avg. of 16 readings 4 on each impact specimen.
(b) Avg. of 4 tests.
Carbon + Nitrogen
Iron
-
Balance
- - 0.22
Balance
-
Balance
- TABLE 1. 0543 EFFECT OF AUSTENITIZING ATMOS¬
PHERE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE
TABLE 1. 0411 AMS SPECIFIED COMPOSITION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Fe-(0.2C)-l6Cr-2Ni
o EWEST CA5 T
Source ASTM (9) ASTM /23M241
J h ARDEN 18 25F, 1 HR RAC
Alloy Fe-<0.2C) -l6Cr-2Ni ~3
Form Castings Bars and Billets "40
Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max
u
Carbon - 0.30 - 0.20 S
Chromium 18.0 21.0 15.0 17.0
Copper 0.90* 1.20* - -
Manganese - 1.0 - 1.0
Nickel - 2.00 1.25 2.50
Silicon - 1.50 - 1.00

--
Phosphorus - 0.04 0.040 400 800 1200 1600
Sulfur
Iron
- Balance
0.04 0.030
Balance
TEMPERING TEMP F -
* Optional FIG. 1.063 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPER¬
ATURE ON HARDNESS OF INVEST¬
TABLE 1.0412 ASTM SPECIFIED COMPOSITION MENT CASTINGS. (11, p.21)

240
Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni
1IN BAR

200

ftu /
300
Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2N

w
200
120 O
80
1A

u
• ÿ

100 A

o
X
w
a. %
__ e
O AN
ÿ HARDEN *
A HARDEN + CV t

0 0 20 40 60
1500 1600 1800 1700 PICKLING TIME - MIN (AT 150F)
AUSTENITIZING TEMP F -
FIG. 1.0542 EFFECT OF AUSTENITIZING FIG. 1.0911 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF 0.06 IN
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM DIAMETER WIRE TO EMBRIT-
TEMPERATURE TENSILE TLEMENT AS A FUNCTION OF
PROPERTIES OF AS-QUENCHED PICKLING TIME IN 7 PERCENT
BAR. (14) HC1. (18, p. 429)

CODE 1404
PAGE
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FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1973

10
Source (21, P. 46) <1?) 1(11, p. 20, 21)
Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni
Fe Alloy .
Fe- (0 2 C)- 16Cr-2Ni
b. Form Bar Wire Sand Prec Cast Cast
0.2 C CS Cast

16 Cr
g 8
MEAN :OEF LINE AR Conditioa Ann Ann Soft Ann Ann Hardened As cast
z THERM AL EXPAN SION +CD Temper LD HD
Thickness - in All 1 0.250 - - - - -
2 Ni
-
Fm ksi
Fty - ksi
125
95
130
110
135
115
75
50
120
90
180
130
140
100
109
85
TYPE 431 -
e (2 in) percent 20 15 10 5 15 10 15 3

FROM RT TO rEMP IND CATED

-
RA percent 55 35 50 - 20 15 30 1
Stainless Hardness

Steel 800 1200

BHN
RC
260
24
270
26
-29 170
- 26
-
42
- -
30
-
46.5
TEMP -F
TABLE 3.02121 TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR BAR.
FIG. 2.014 THERMAX EXPANSION. (19, p. 18) WERE, SAND CASTINGS AND PRECISION CASTINGS

Source (6)(7)(8)
Alloy Fe-(0.2C -16Cr-2Ni
Form Bar Wire Mech. Sand Investment
Tubing Castings Castings
Condition Ann. + Ann. + Ann. + Norm. + Aust. + Norm + Aust. +
HF or CF CF CF Temper Temper Temper Temper
Fÿ - ksi - min - - - -
180 (b) 170 (d) -
max - 140 - - - - -
Fÿr - ksi min- - - - -
140 (b) - 130 (d)
-
e (4D) min-percent
Hardness
- - - -
8(b) - 2 (d)

- max
RC min - - -- - 38 (b) 24(c) 38 (c)
- - - - 34(c) 49 (c)
BHN - min - - - 255 (a) - - -
max 302
(a) Castings and test specimens.
- 285 311 (a) - - -
(b) Test specimens produced with castings; normalized and tempered with castings +
austenitize 1875 to 1925 F, 30 min, oil quench, temper 650 to 700F, 3 hr, air cool.
(c) Castings.
(d) Specimens representing master heat or master heat lot.

TABLE 3.011 AMS SPECIFIED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Source (9) Source (15. Table 3)

Alloy Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni Alloy Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni
Form Castings Condition 1850F, 1/2 hr, OQ + 1150F. 2 hr, AC
Condition 1450 F, minimum, AC or FC Form 6-1/2 in 4 in x 4 in 4-5/8 in 3-7/8 in
- -
ksi min 65 Dia x 3/4 in Billet Dia. Bar Dia. Bar
- -
Fty ksi min 30
Direction
Pancakes
L T L T L T L T
TABLE 3-012 ASTM SPECIFIED MECHANICAL Fty - ksi 216 219 218 219 226 223 222 222
PROPERTIES Fty - ksi 157 153 154 153 156 153 151 152
-
e (1 in) percent 15.3 15.1 18.2 12.8 17.5 10.8 18.0 10.7
RA - percent 47.4 43.7 62.8 37.2 62.5 26.8 61.0 24. S

table 3.02122 typical tensile properties of bar, billet

AND FORGING

CODE 1404
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 FeM
REVISED: MARCH 1973 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-<0. 2C)-16Cr-2Ni
BAR (0.505 IN DIA SPECIMEN)
1850F, 30 MIN, OQ + TEMPER 450F,
' Fe-<0 .2C) -16C r-2Ni
INVEST CAST Fe
0.2 C
16 Cr
160
2 Ni

TYPE 431
Stainless
Steel

E-
2
U
O
C£
w
a
•AS TEMPERED
A 1/2 HR EXPOSURE 700F
ÿ 400 HR EXPOSURE 7 OOF
O

---
1825F, 1 HR, RAC + TEMPER
(0. 12-0.20C)
(0.06-0. 12C)

DATA AVG OF 3 SPECIMENS

3.0 3.5 4.0
BAR DIAMETER - IN
u 20
FIG. 3.02131 EFFECT OF SIZE AND 700F e (1 IN)
EXPOSURE ON ROOM TEMPER¬
ATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF BAR. (16) 1600
400 800 1200
TEMPERING TEMP - F

FIG. 3.02142 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA¬

Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
1IN BAR INVESTMENT CASTINGS.
(11, pp. 19,21)

160 53

Source (22)
Alloy Fe-{0. 2C)-16Cr-2Ni
Form Extruded Bar (L)

• asj}
(14) 1800F, OQ
1900ÿÿ
Condition

Ftu ~ tei
1750F, 1/2 hr, AC 1800F, 1/2 hr, OQ
+1250F, 2 hr, AC + 550F, 2 hr, AC
126 207
a
Fjy - ksi 104 159
40
80
RA
-
e (2 in) percent
- percent
21
59
15
27
6-
Z
w RA TABLE 3. 02143 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TREATMENT
o ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF EX¬
CS
TRUDED BAR

e(2 IK)

400 800 1200 1600

TEMPERING TEMP -F
FIG. 3.02141 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR.
(14)(18, p.*414)(2l, p. 27)

CODE 1404
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FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED : MARCH 1973

100
Fe-(o.2C)-16Cr-2N
Fe 1800F, OQ + TEMP ER
0.2 C

/
i
80
16 Cr
2 Ni

//
_ IE IZOI V
TYPE 431
Stainless
* 40
Steel

// \

400 800 1200 1600

TEMPERING TEMP F -
FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPER¬
ATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF
BAR. (14)

Source (15, Tables 4-8)

Alloy Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni
Condition 1850F, 1/2 hr. OQ + 1150F, 2 hr, AC
Form 6-1/2 in dia x 3/4 in 4 in x 4 in 4-5/8 in 3-7/8 in
Pancakes BilR t Dia. Bar Dia. Bar
Direction L T L T L T L T
Temp
IE Charpy V- RT 21.7 20.9 37.3 16.5 26. B 11.2 33.3 9.0
ft lb (12.9-32.9) (13.5-26.3) (31.3-40.0) (10.7-21.4) (21.4-33.6) (6.6-19.5) (30.5-35.1) (7.1-9.6)
(Avg. and range -40F 8.0 8.6 14.6 12.6 8.6 7.3 10.7 7.9
of 6 tests) (6.2-11.3) (6.6-13.5) (12.4-17.6) (9.1-14.0) (7.1-9.6) ,4.8-11.8) (8.5-12.9) (7.1-9.6)
IE Izod V- ft lb RT 24.5 24.2 31.0 14.8 21.0 6.0 25.5 7.2
(Avg. and range (21.0-30.0) (24.0-25.0) (30. 0-32. 0) (13.0-17.0) (18.0-23.0) (4.0-9.0) (25.0-26.0) (5.0-9.0)
of 4 tests)

TABLE 3.0232 IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR, BILLET AND FORGING AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND -40 F.

Source (20)
Alloy Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni
Form 1 in Dia Bar
Condition 1200 F, 1/2 hr, AC+I900F 1200 F, 1/2 hr, AC+19Q0F
1/2 hr,OQ+doubIe temper 1/2 hr, OQ+- -140F, 2 hr
550F, 2 hr, AC -ÿdouble temper 550 F,
2 hr. AC
As AS
Tempered(b) Strained(a) Terapered(c) Strained(a)
IE Charpy V Temp.
ft lb RT 53.5 27.3 24.0 17.7
(Avg. of 4)
-40F 23. S 12.S 7.0 4.7
(a) Strained to 138 percent of Fÿ.
(b) ÿ
-
= 216 ksi, Ffy 145 ksi, e(l in) 20.6 percent, RA = 59.5
percent.
(c) Ftu = 224 ksi, = 158 ksi, e(l in) * 17.2 percent, RA o 58. 7
percent.

TABLE 3. 0233 EFFECT OF REFRIGERATION AND STRAIN ON

IMPACT STRENGTH AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
AND -40F.

CODE 1404
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 FeM
REVISED: MARCH 1973 FERROUS ALLOYS

---- 200 240

»
J 1 1
Fe-(0.30C)-15.6Cr-1.9Ni-lMn-lSi
5/8 SQ
IN BAR JL Fe-<0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni
BAR
Fe
1800F, 1/2 HR, OQ.1225F, 4 HR, OQ 1850F, 30 MEN, OQ +
TEMPER 450F. 1 HR
0.2 C
AC 16 Cr
2 Ni

TYPE 431
Stainless
Steel

CONDITION TEST TEMP

AS TEMPERED
1/2 HR EXP 700F
—
---
A 1/2 HR EXP 7 OOF

O NORMAL NITROGEN

---'-
"HIGH NITROGEN (0.063%) DATA AVG OF 3 SPECIMENS
D* L
3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0
BAR DIAMETER IN -
FIG. 3.0351 EFFECT OF SIZE AND EXPOSURE AT 700F
ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF BAR AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE AND 7 OOF. (16)
u 40
e(2 IN)

800 1200 1600

TEMP -F
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR.
(17)

Fe-(0.2C)-16Cr-2Nl
OQ + TEMPER 1200F
280
Fe-<0.2C)'16Cr-2Ni < 900F
BAR (0.252 IN DLA SPECIMEN)
1850F, 30 MIN, OQ + TEMPER 450F, 1HR , AC
240

NITROGEN
NORM HIGH(0.063 PERCENT)
O & RUPTURE
200 TU En
A
•
A lPERCENT
CREEP
. hoof

160
Fty
1200F

120

EXPOSED 1/2 HR AT 700F BEFORE TESTING

DATA AVG OF 3 SPECIMENS
80 1000 10,000 100,000
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 TIME - HR
BAR DIAMETER IN -
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF SIZE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES CURVES AT 900 TO 1200 F.
OF BAR AT 7 OOF. (16) (17)

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FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED : MARCH 1973

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Fe
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