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QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS
Scientific – Use SI units — based on the metric system
Measurement – Larger and smaller quantities – use prefixes with base unit
and Units – Temperature:Celsius (o C) , Kelvin (K) scales
– Kelvin – used in calculations
– Experimentally: Absolute zero 0 K = – 273.15 oC
– Kelvin scale runs parallel to the Celsius scale.
End of Chapter exercises:
pure water freezes at 273.15 K, i.e. 0 oC = 273.15 K
1‐17, 1‐23, 1‐27, 1‐29, 1‐35, 1‐42,
1‐45, 1‐46, 1‐49, 1‐51, 1‐59, 1‐62 Boils at 373.15 K = 100 oC
T (K) = 1K/1 oC [ T (oC) + 273.15 oC]
Units of Measurement
Length: Standard unit = metre use cm (1 x 10‐2 m),
mm (1 x 10‐3 m), µm (1x10-6 m)
– nm (1 x 10‐9 m) and pm (1 x 10‐12 m)
O—H distance =
9.58 x 10‐11 m
9.58 x 10‐9 cm
0.0958 nm
95.8 pm
Volume: The space occupied by a substance.
Base unit = litre (L)
Use mL (cm3)= 0.001 L (1 x 10‐3 L)
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2020/01/16
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Eg. Average speed of a nitrogen molecule in air at 25.0 oC – Involving volume:
is 515 m.s‐1. Convert this speed to miles per hour.
Eg. 2. What is the mass, in grams, of 2.00 cubic inches of
1 mile = 1.6093 km
gold, density 19.3 g/cm3.
– 1 in = 2.54 cm
– 3 significant figures: 1.15 x 103 mi/hr
3. The earth’s oceans contain approximately 1.36 x 109
– Or convert in 2 steps: m to miles and seconds to hours,
km3 of water. Calculate the volume in litres.
then combine.
[1.36 x 1021 L]
4. What is the mass, in grams, of 1.00 gal of water, 7. A particular paint has a density of 0.914 g/cm3.
density 1.00 g/mL? [3.79 x 103 g] You need to cover a wall that is 7.6 m long and 2.74
m high with a layer that is 0.13 mm thick. What
volume of paint (in L) is required? What is the mass
(g) of the paint layer?
5. A gas at 25oC fills a container with volume 1.05 x 103
cm3. The container plus gas have a mass of 837.6 g. The
container alone has a mass of 836.2 g. What is the 8. The dimensions of a room are 12.51 m x 17.5 m x
density of the gas at 25oC? [1.3 x 10‐3 g/cm3] 1.80 m. The concentration of carbon monoxide in
the air of this room is 48.0 g/L. Calculate the total
6. An intensive care patient is receiving an antibiotic IV at
mass of carbon monoxide in the room in milligrams.
a rate of 50. mL/h. The IV contains 1.5 g of antibiotic in Write the answer in scientific notation
1000 mL. Calculate the mg antibiotic/min of the drip.