Chapter 5 Problems

Water is pumped at a rate of 25 m3/s from the reservoir and out through the pipe, which has a diameter
of 1.50 m. What power must be supplied to the water to effect this discharge? Given that pipe roughness
is 0.046 mm, kinematic viscosity is 1.31 x 10-6 m2/s, use ke = 0.03.

Answer:
Energy equation

𝑝1 𝑉12 𝑝2 𝑉22
𝑧1 + + + ℎ𝑃 = 𝑧2 + + + ∑ ℎ𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

1
2
Then

Power equation

Q2.

A swimming pool filled with water at 650F is being emptied by the gravity using a galvanized iron pipe of
¾ in diameter and 20 ft length. Determine the height of water in the pool if the flow rate is 12gal/min. Use
g = 32.2 ft/s2, 1ft3/s = 7.481gal/s. Note that at 650F kinematic viscosity = 1.05 x 10-5 ft2 / s. For galvanized
iron pipe Roughness = 0.0005 ft.

Answer:

3
Q3.
The 10 cm galvanized-steel pipe is 1000 m long and discharge water into atmosphere. The pipeline has an
open globe valve and 4 threaded elbows; h1 = 3 m and h2 = 15 m. What is the discharge, and what is the
pressure at A, the midpoint of the line? Given that the water temperature is 10°C and v = 1.31 x 10-6 m2/s.
Ke = 0.50, Kv = 10, and Kb = 0.90. 𝜀 = 0.15 mm. Use g = 9.81m/s2 and 𝛾 = 9810 𝑁/𝑚3.

Answer:
A steel pipe discharges into the atmosphere.

D = 10 cm, L = 1000m, z1 = 12m.

Energy equation

4
 𝜀 0.15 𝑥 10−3
= = 0.0015
𝑑 0.10

From Moody diagram f = 0.025 , OK

5
Q4.
Water flows from the container shown in the next figure.
Determine the loss coefficient needed in the valve
(𝐾𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑒 = ? ), if the water is to rise up to 3 in above the outlet
pipe (point 3).
Given that: 𝐾𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 0.20, 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑏𝑜𝑤 = 1.5
Pipe roughness (𝜀)= 0.0005 ft
Kinematic viscosity (v) = 1.2 x 10-5 ft2/s
g = 32.2 ft/s2 and 𝛾 = 62.4 lb/ft3
All dimensions in inches are shown in the figure.
Answer:
Determine the flowrate from Bernoulli equation, knowing that;

52
𝑃1 = 𝑃2 = 𝑃3 = 0 , 𝑉1 = 𝑉3 = 0 , and L = = 4.33 𝑓𝑡
12
27 + 18 2 2+3
𝑍1 = = 3.75 𝑓𝑡 , 𝑍2 = = 0.167𝑓𝑡 , 𝑍3 = = 0.417𝑓𝑡
12 12 12

Between points 2 & 3:

𝑃2 𝑉22 𝑃3 𝑉32
+ + 𝑍2 = + + 𝑍3 + ∑ ℎ𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

𝑉22
0+ + 0. 167 = 0 + 0 + 0.417 + 0
2𝑔

𝑉2 = √ 2 𝑥 32.2 𝑥 (0.417 − 0.167) = 4.01 ft/s

Between points 1 and 2:

𝑃1 𝑉12 𝑃2 𝑉22
+ + 𝑍1 = + + 𝑍2 + ∑ ℎ𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

𝑉22
0+ 0 + 3.75 = 0 + 0.167 +
𝑓𝐿
[1 + + 𝐾𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 + 2 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑏𝑜𝑤 +
2𝑔 𝑑
𝐾𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑒 ]
To find f;

6
 0.50
𝑉𝑑 4.01 𝑥
𝑅𝑒 = = 12 = 13923.61 = 1.4 𝑥 104
𝑣 1.2 𝑥 10−5
𝜀 0.0005
= = 0.012
𝑑 0.50⁄12

0.25
𝑓=
𝜀 5.74
[𝐿𝑜𝑔10 ( + 0.90 )]2
3.7 𝑑 𝑅𝑒

= = 0.0447
0.25 0.25
𝑓=
0.0005 5.74 5.594
[𝐿𝑜𝑔10 ( 0.5 + 2
4 0.90 )]
3.7( ) 1.4𝑥 10
12

thus , 𝑓 = 0.045

Hence,

(18+32+2)
(4.01)2 0.045( )
3.75 = 0.167 + [1+ 12
+ 0.2 + 2 (1.5) + 𝐾𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑒 ]
2 𝑥 32.2 0.50/12

3.583 = 0.25(8.88+Kvalve), Kvalve = 14.33 – 8.88

𝐾𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑒 = 5.45

Q5.
Water (T = 20ºC) flows from a tank through a 50 cm diameter steel pipe, as shown in the figure below.
Determine the discharge of water. Given that the Kinematic viscosity of water = 1 x 10-6 m2 / s, steel pipe
roughness = 0.046 mm, g = 9.81m/s2.

7
Answer:

Energy equation (reservoir surface to outlet):

𝑃1 𝑉12 𝑃2 𝑉22
+ + 𝑍1 = + + 𝑍2 + ℎ𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

𝑉22 𝐿 𝑉22
0 + 0 + 60 = 0 + + 40 + 𝑓
2𝑔 𝑑 2𝑔
2 𝑔 𝑥 20
Thus 𝑉2 = 𝑉 = (1+200 𝑓)1/2

1) Assume f = 0.02
Thus V = 8.86 m/s and 𝑅𝑒 = 4.43 x 106,
∈ 0.046
Plus = = 9.2 x 10−5 = 0.000092
𝑑 500
From Moody diagram we find f = 0.012
Use f = 0.012 to calculate V = 10.7 m/s

2) Use V = 10.7 m/s to calculate Re = 5.35 x 106

On the Moody diagram f = 0.012 unchanged

Flow rate:
𝜋 0.52
Q=AV= m2 x 10.7 m /s = 2.10 m3 /s
4

8
 Problems Chapter 6
Q1.

Three reservoirs are connected as shown in the figure below. All information is as shown in figure. The
water temperature is 20 oC. What is the discharge and flow direction in each line?

Answer:

Q2.

9
Q5.

A single loop pipe network is shown in below figure. The distance between each junction is 1000 ft and
all junctions are at the same elevation, all pipes are new cast iron. What is the flowrate and direction in
each line of the network? Given that the new cast iron pipe roughness (𝜀) is 0.00085 ft, kinematic
viscosity is (v) 1.059 x 10-5 ft2/s

Answer:

The given problem data as shown in the table below:

Pipe d(ft) 𝜺(𝒇𝒕) 𝜺 ⁄𝒅 A(ft2)

AB 0.83 0.00085 0.001024 0.541
AD 1 0.00085 0.00085 0.785
BC 0.67 0.00085 0.00129 0.353
DC 0.83 0.00085 0.001024 0.541

Distribute the flow as shown in the figure and summarized on the table follows:

10
Loop ABCD:

Pipe Q(cfs) V(ft/s) Re x 105 𝑓 hf (ft)

AB c 0.79 1.46 1.14 0.0211 0.841
AD cc 1.21 1.541 1.46 0.0202 0.745
BC c 0.12 0.340 0.22 0.0258 0.0694
DC cc 0.76 1.405 1.10 0.0212 0.783

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒇𝒕

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟖 𝒇𝒕

Error of Closure = 0.9104 – 1.528 = - 0.6176ft

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 − ∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
∆𝑸 =
𝒉𝒇𝒄 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
𝟐[∑ +∑ ]
𝑸𝒄 𝑸𝒄𝒄
𝟎.𝟔𝟏𝟕𝟔
∆𝑸 = 𝟎.𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟒 𝟎.𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝟎.𝟕𝟖𝟑 = 0.094 ft3/s
𝟐[( 𝟎.𝟕𝟗 + 𝟎.𝟏𝟐 )+( 𝟏.𝟐𝟏 + 𝟎.𝟕𝟔 )]

Which must be subtracted from counterclockwise side and added to the clockwise side of the loop. This
results in the next distribution of flows table:

Pipe Q(cfs) V(ft/s) Re x 105 𝑓 hf (ft)

AB c 0.79+0.094 = 0.884 1.36 1.066 0.0213 0.737
AD cc 1.21-0.094 =1.116 1.422 1.343 0.0203 0.637
BC c 0.12+0.094 = 0.214 0.606 0.383 0.0241 0.206
DC cc 0.76-0.094= 0.666 1.231 0.965 0.0214 0.607

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟑 𝒇𝒕

11
 ∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟕 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒𝟒 𝒇𝒕

Error of Closure = 0.943 – 1.244 = - 0.301ft

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 − ∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
∆𝑸 =
𝒉𝒇𝒄 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
𝟐[∑ +∑ ]
𝑸𝒄 𝑸𝒄𝒄
𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟏
∆𝑸 = 𝟎.𝟕𝟑𝟕 𝟎.𝟐𝟎𝟔 𝟎.𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟕 = 0.046 cfs ≈
𝟐[(𝟎.𝟖𝟖𝟒+𝟎.𝟐𝟏𝟒)+( 𝟏.𝟏𝟏𝟔+𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟔)]
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒄𝒇𝒔 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Which must be subtracted from counterclockwise side and added to the clockwise side of the loop. This
results in the next distribution of flows table:

Final flow rate:

Pipe Flow rate (ft3/s)

AB 0.934
BC 0.264
AD 1.066
DC 0.616

Q6.

A cast iron pipe has an inside diameter of 18-in and a wall thickness of 0.50-in. The pipe’s modulus of
elasticity is 20 x 106psi. The pipeline is 1000 ft long and the flow velocity is 5 ft/s with a water temperature
of 50 °F.

a) If a valve at the end of the line is closed instantaneously, what will be the pressure increase experienced
in the line?

b) Over what length of time must be valve be closed in order to create a pressure increase equivalent to
that associated with instantaneous closure?

Answer:

The following data are developed: d = 1.5 ft, A = 1.77 ft2, Vo = 5 ft/s,

EP = 16x106 psi = 2.304 x 109 psf , Ev = 3.05x105 psi= 4.392 x 107 psf . The

12
 𝐸 4.392 𝑥 107
a) 𝑐 ′ = √ 𝑣 = √ = 4758.06 𝑓𝑡/𝑠
𝜌 1.94

𝑐 ′2 (4758.06)2
c=√ 𝐸 𝑑 = √ 4.392 𝑥 107 ( 1.5)
1+( 𝑣 ) 1+( )
∈ 𝐸𝑝 (0.50⁄12 )( 2.304 𝑥 109 )

22639175.26
c=√ 65880000 = 3664.12 ft/s
1+
9.6 𝑥 107
∆ 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌 𝑐 𝑉0 = 1.94 x 3664.12 x 5
= 35541.94 lb-s/ft2 = 246.82 psi
2𝐿 2 𝑥 1000
b) 𝑡2𝐿 = 𝑐 = 3664.12 = 0.55 sec

13