The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine

eagle, is an endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the
Philippines. It has brown and white-colored plumage, a shaggy crest, and generally measures 86 to 102
cm (2.82 to 3.35 ft) in length and weighs 4.04 to 8.0 kg (8.9 to 17.6 lb).

It is considered the largest of the extant eagles in the world in terms of length and wing surface, with
Steller's sea eagle and the harpy eagle being larger in terms of weight and bulk.[2][3] Among the rarest
and most powerful birds in the world, it has been declared the Philippine national bird.[4][5] It is
critically endangered, mainly due to massive loss of habitat resulting from deforestation in most of its
range. Killing a Philippine eagle is punishable under Philippine law by up to 12 years in prison and heavy
fines.[6]

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being native to a single defined geographic location, such
as an island, region, state or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a
place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the orange-breasted sunbird
is exclusively found in the fynbos vegetation zone of southwestern South Africa and the glacier bear is a
subspecies endemic to Southeast Alaska. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a
cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. An alternative term for a species that is
endemic is precinctive, which applies to species (and other taxonomic levels) that are restricted to a
defined geographical area.

A critically endangered (CR) species is one that has been categorized by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.[1]

As of 2020, there are 6,811 species that are considered to be critically endangered.[2] This is out of the
120,372 species currently tracked by the IUCN.

The IUCN Red List provides the public with information regarding the conservation status of animal,
fungi, and plant species.[3] It divides various species into seven different categories of conservation that
are based on habitat range, population size, habitat, threats, etc. Each category representing a different
level of global extinction risk. Species that are considered to be critically endangered are placed within
the "threatened" category[4]

As the IUCN Red List does not consider a species extinct until extensive, targeted surveys have been
conducted, species that are possibly extinct are still listed as critically endangered. IUCN maintains a
list[5] of "possibly extinct" CR(PE) and "possibly extinct in the wild" CR(PEW) species, modelled on
categories used by BirdLife International to categorize these taxa.