Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Quasi-Z-Source Inverter For Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems PDF
Quasi-Z-Source Inverter For Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems PDF
Abstract-This paper presents a quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) laboratory. It is demonstrated from the theoretical analysis,
that is a new topology derived from the traditional Z-source simulation and experimental results that the proposed qZSI
inverter (ZSI). The qZSI inherits all the advantages of the ZSI,
which can realize buck/boost, inversion and power conditioning can realize voltage buck or boost and dc-ac inversion in a
in a single stage with improved reliability. In addition, the single stage with high reliability and efficiency, which makes
proposed qZSI has the unique advantages of lower component it well suited for PV power systems.
ratings and constant dc current from the source. All of the boost
control methods that have been developed for the ZSI can be
used by the qZSI. The qZSI features a wide range of voltage gain II. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS OF THE QUASI-Z-SOURCE INVERTER
which is suitable for applications in photovoltaic (PV) systems,
due to the fact that the PV cell’s output varies widely with A. Quasi-Z-Source Inverter Circuit
temperature and solar irradiation. Theoretical analysis of voltage Figs. 1a and 1b show the traditional voltage fed ZSI [4] and
boost, control methods and a system design guide for the qZSI in the proposed voltage fed qZSI, respectively. In the same
PV systems are investigated in this paper. A prototype has been manner as the traditional ZSI, the qZSI has two types of
built in the laboratory. Both simulations and experiments are operational states at the dc side: the nonshoot-through states
presented to verify the proposed concept and theoretical analysis. (i.e. the six active states and two conventional zero states of
the traditional VSI) and the shoot-through state (i.e. both
I. INTRODUCTION switches in at least one phase conduct simultaneously).
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is becoming more In the non-shoot-through states, the inverter bridge viewed
promising since the introduction of the thin film PV from the dc side is equivalent to a current source. The
technology due to its lower cost, excellent high temperature equivalent circuits of the two states are as shown in Figs. 2a
performance, low weight, flexibility, and glass-free easy and 2b. The shoot-through state is forbidden in the traditional
installation. However, there are still two primary factors VSI, because it will cause a short circuit of the voltage source
limiting the widespread application of PV power systems. The and damage the devices. With the qZSI and ZSI, the unique
LC and diode network connected to the inverter bridge modify
first is the cost of the solar cell/module and the interface
the operation of the circuit, allowing the shoot-through state.
converter system; the second is the variability of the output
This network will effectively protect the circuit from damage
(diurnal and seasonal) of the PV cells. A PV cell’s voltage
when the shoot-through occurs and by using the shoot-though
varies widely with temperature and irradiation, but the state, the (quasi-) Z-source network boosts the dc-link voltage.
traditional voltage source inverter (VSI) cannot deal with this The major differences between the ZSI and qZSI are (1) the
wide range without over-rating of the inverter, because the qZSI draws a continuous constant dc current from the source
VSI is a buck converter whose input dc voltage must be
greater than the peak ac output voltage. Because of this. a L1
D
transformer and/or a dc/dc converter is usually used in PV To AC Load or
applications, in order to cope with the range of the PV voltage , +
Motor
reduce inverter ratings, and produce a desired voltage for the Vin C1 C2
load or connection to the utility. This leads to a higher
component count and low efficiency, which opposes the goal
of cost reduction. -
The Z-source inverter (ZSI) has been reported suitable for L2
residential PV system [1-2] because of the capability of Figure 1a. Voltage fed Z-source inverter
voltage boost and inversion in a single stage. Recently, four
new topologies, the quasi-Z-source inverters (qZSI), have
been derived from the original ZSI [3]. This paper analyzes C2
one voltage fed topology of these four in detail and applies it To AC Load or
+ Motor
to PV power generation systems. By using the new quasi-Z- Vin L1 D L2
source topology, the inverter draws a constant current from the C1
PV array and is capable of handling a wide input voltage range.
It also features lower component ratings and reduced source -
stress compared to the traditional ZSI. A prototype which Figure 1b. Voltage fed quasi-Z-source inverter
provides three phase 60-Hz, 208-Vllrms ac has been built in
while the ZSI draws a discontinuous current and (2) the According to Kirchhoff’s current law and (7), we also can
voltage on capacitor C2 is greatly reduced. The continuous and get that
constant dc current drawn from the source with this qZSI
make this system especially well suited for PV power I C1 = I C 2 = I PN − I L1 I D = 2 I L1 − I PN (8)
conditioning systems.
In summary, the voltage and current stress of the qZSI are
B. Circuit Analysis shown in Table 1. The stress on the ZSI is shown as well for
All the voltages as well as the currents are defined in Figs comparison, where
2a, 2b and the polarities are shown with arrows. Assuming (1) M is the modulation index; v̂ln is the ac peak phase
that during one switching cycle, T , the interval of the shoot- voltage; P is the system power rating;
through state is T0 ; the interval of non-shoot-through states (2) m = T1 /(T1 − T0 ) ; n = T0 /(T1 − T0 ) ; thus m > 1; m − n = 1 ;
is T1 ; thus one has T = T0 + T1 and the shoot-through duty (3) B = T /(T1 − T0 ) , thus m + n = B , 1 < m < B .
ratio, D = T0 / T . From Fig 2a which is a representation of From Table 1 we can find that the qZSI inherits all the
the inverter during the interval of the non-shoot-through states, advantages of the ZSI. It can buck or boost a voltage with a
T1 , one can get given boost factor. It is able to handle a shoot through state,
and therefore it is more reliable than the traditional VSI. It is
unnecessary to add a dead band into control schemes, which
v L1 = Vin − VC1 , v L 2 = −VC 2 , and (1) reduces the output distortion. In addition, there are some
v PN = VC1 − v L 2 = VC1 + VC 2 v diode = 0 . (2) unique merits of the qZSI when compared to the ZSI:
Table 1 Voltage and average current of the qZSI and ZSI network
From Fig 2b which is a representation of the system during
the interval of the shoot-through states, T0 , one can get v L1 = v L 2 v PN v diode
T0 T1 T0 T1 T0 T1
v L1 = VC 2 + Vin , v L 2 = VC1 , and (3) ZSI mVin −nVin 0 BVin BVin 0
v PN = 0 v diode = VC1 + VC 2 . (4) qZSI mVin −nVin 0 BVin BVin 0
V C1 VC 2 v̂ln
At steady state, the average voltage of the inductors over
one switching cycle is zero. From (1), (3), one has ZSI mVin mVin MBVin / 2
qZSI mVin nVin MBVin / 2
⎧ T (V + Vin ) + T1 (Vin − VC1 ) I in = I L1 = I L 2 I C1 = I C 2 ID
⎪V = v L1 = 0 C 2 =0
⎪ L1 T ZSI
⎨ P / Vin I PN − I L1 2 I L1 − I PN
⎪V = v = T0 (VC1 ) + T1 (−VC 2 ) = 0 qZSI P / Vin I PN − I L1 2 I L1 − I PN
⎪
⎩
L2 L2
T
vˆPN V T0 3M
vˆln = ⋅ M = in ⋅ BM (10) D= = 1− (11)
2 2 T 2
M
G = MB = (13) )A
3M − 1 (t
ne
rru
The peak ac phase voltage can be calculated as C
Vin MVin
vˆln = G= (14)
2 2 3M − 2
φ = 2 Ni / ℜ g = 2 Ni ⋅ AL (21)
L1 = L2 = Nφ / i = 2 N 2 ⋅ AL (22)
I C ΔT IL 1
C1 = C 2 = 2 ⋅ = 2⋅ ⋅ T0 _ max ≈ 310μF
Δ(VC1 + VC 2 ) BVin rv % 2
(23)
L1 = L2 = 500μH , C1 = C 2 = 400μF ,
L f = 1mH , C f = 100μF , R L = 10Ω