Collect Carbon Dioxide from Baking

Soda and Acetic Acid Lab Report

By
Phanita Tangsiriwattanakul
Pitchapa Prasertphan
Rattanakorn Somchue
Pathrapoom Poomison

Presents
Ms. Sorasaree Tonsiengsom
 Content
Topic Page

Abstract……………………………………...………………………….…..3

Introduction………………………………….......………………………….3

Objective……………………………………...…………………………….3

Material………………………………………...…………………………...4

Method.………………………………...……………………….……..…....4

Result…………………………………………..……………………….......4

Discussion.……………………………………...…………………………..5

Calculation……………………………………………………………….....6

Conclusion………………….…………………………………………….....6

Reference………………………………………………………………..…..7

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Abstract
The assortment of carbon dioxide gas coming about because of the compound response
between acetic acid and sodium carbonate was done to show and execute the information about
gas laws and the assortment of gas over water. In addition, the general thought of gas laws and
estimations utilized inside the lab was clarified and the synthetics utilized and the response itself
were distinguished and depicted. Toward finishing the trial, the connection between the volume
of a mole of gas was discovered to be legitimately corresponding, which adheres to Avogadro's
law of gas. Additionally, it very well may be seen that when the estimation of the volume is
higher, the estimation of the weight of the dry gas will in general be lower.

Introduction
In this experiment we are going to collect the gas over the water from acid and base
reaction, using a technique called water displacement. By using this method, we will be able to
measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object. To set up the experiment, prepare a
graduated cylinder, pan filled with water, reaction flask, and rubber tube. The first step is to fill
the graduate cylinder with water and then place it upside down in the sink or a pan. Then use a
reaction flask connected to the rubber tubing which is put inside the graduated cylinder to let the
gas flow through. This kind of setup is called a Pneumatic trough device (Lumen Learning). As
the gas formed in the reaction flask it will travel through the rubber tube the gas will displace the
water and become trapped in the upper closed part of the cylinder. Then we can read the amount
of gas at the meniscus and further on calculate the partial pressure using Dalton’s law by
subtracting the water partial pressure from the total vapor pressure of the mixture.
Theoretically, when acid reacts with carbonates, which is base, the solution will form
salt, water( H 2 O ), and carbon dioxide(CO 2)(Chemistry LibreText, 2020). The carbon dioxide
(CO 2) can be seen from the fizzing and bubbling of gas through the water in the cylinder. In this
lab, the acid is acetic acid (CH 3 COOH )solution and the base is bicarbonate( NaHCO 3) or baking
soda solution will be used. For instance, to get a wider range of results, 3 different concentration
bases; 0.25 M, 0.5 M, and 0.75 M, will be prepared for the experiment. The gas will be observed
and the pressure will be calculated using Dalton’s law.

Objective
To observe the volume of the collected gas, CO 2, over water and apply Dalton’s law and
ideal gas law to calculate its partial pressure, grams, and mol.

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Material and Method
1. Prepare baking soda solution (3 concentration solution 100 mL each) Do not prepare each
concentration higher than 1M
- Weight the baking soda at 2.1 g, 4.2 g, 6.3 g, respectively
- Transfer the baking soda to the volume metric flask then add distilled water until
it reaches the calibration mark.
- Shake the volume metric flask gently until all the baking soda has reacted with the
distilled water. (Clear solution)
2. Receive 10 % acetic acid from TA
3. Set an apparatus
4. Add 20 mL acetic acid to 20 mL of the first baking soda solution. Quickly close the cap
5. Measure the volume of gas for each sample
6. Repeat step 2-4 for sample 2 and 3

Result

CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3→ CH 3 COONa + CO 2+ H 2 O

Amount of Water Amount of Water Difference between

before (L) after (L) before and after (L)

Sample 1
Acetic acid + 0.25 mol 0.5 0.425 0.075
of baking soda

Sample 2
Acetic acid + 0.5 mol 0.5 0.285 0.215
of baking soda

Sample 1
Acetic acid + 0.75 mol 0.5 0.230 0.270
of baking soda

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Discussion
In this experiment, we were able to mix baking soda and acetic acid to study their
chemical reaction and calculate the amount of product produced in the reaction. The equation for
the experiment is shown below.
CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3→ CH 3 COONa + CO 2+ H 2 O

The obvious result of the mixing of the two elements by shaking the beaker containing
both substances is the occurrence of gas bubbles. However, after a certain amount of time, the
rate of formation of gas bubbles decreases, and finally stops after the substances completely
reacted with each other.
The volume of CO 2 gas is measure by the process of collecting over water. Which the
difference in the amount of concentration of NaHCO 3 affected the amount of gas being
produced. As expected from our pre-experiment hypothesis, the higher the concentration, the
higher the volume of CO 2 gas being produced. 0.25 M produced 75 mL of gas, 0.5 M produced
215 mL of gas, and 0.75 M produced 270 mL of gas.
The pressure of dry gas or the pressure of CO 2 gas when run in a reaction at 25°C was
0.969 atm. Therefore, after using the ideal gas rule (PV = nRT) by applying the measured
volume and pressure of the gas, and constants, we were able to find mol of CO 2 gas at different
concentration of NaHCO 3. For 0.25 M, 0.5 M, 0.75 M concentration of NaHCO 3, 0.00297 mol,
0.00851 mol, 0.0107 mol of CO 2 were produced respectively. To find more about the formation
of CO 2 gas produced, the exact mass of CO 2 at each concentration can be identified by
multiplying the mol by 44, which is its molecular weight. The mass of 0.25 M CO 2 was 0.131 g,
0.5 M was 0.375 g, and 0.75 M was 0.471 g.
There were many avoidable errors during the performance of our experiment. During the
measuring stage, we faced some problem with measuring the exact weight of baking soda, as the
baking soda were in clumps and we did not break it down into small particles. Thus, we spent a
lot of time measuring the exact weight of baking soda. However, we managed to weigh out the
correct amount of baking soda on time to perform the next step of the experiment in the provided
time period. Besides the weighting problem, we had encountered many obstacles, as well as
mistakes from our lack of preparation. There was contamination in the 2.1 and 4.2 grams
beakers. In the 2.1 grams beaker, we observed some bug wings after pouring the substances into
the container, which this problem occurred due to our lack of paying attention to details. In the
same way, in the 4.2 grams beaker, there were some small sediments observed after the
substance had been poured into the container. However, these contaminations had little effect on
the result of the experiment as the reaction between the acid and baking soda was not severely
disturbed.

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 4.2 grams beaker 2.1 grams beaker
This experiment can be improved by knowing the physical properties of the substances
and prepare them beforehand to prevent time-consuming processes, such as declumping the
baking soda. Furthermore, being considerate about the cleanness of each piece of equipment
involved can also increase the preciseness of the experiment.

Calculation
1. Prepare 3 concentrations of baking soda not higher than 1 mol.
1.1. 0.25 mol of NaHCO 3
0.25
- ×100=2.1 g
1000
1.2. 0.5 mol of NaHCO 3
0.5
- ×100=4.2 g
1000
1.3. 0.75 mol of NaHCO 3
0.75
- ×100=6.3 g
1000
2. Calculate the pressure of CO 2
- PTotal= PCO + P H O
2 2

PCO = PTotal −¿ P H O
2 2 2

- PTotal= 1atm

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 P H O = 0.0313 atm
2

PCO = 1 atm−¿ 0.0313 atm

2

PCO = 0.9687 atm

2

3. Calculate no. of mol of CO 2

- PV =nRT
- P=0.9687 atm
- R=0.0821
- T =298 K
- V =¿ depends on each concentration
3.1. 0.25 mol of NaHCO 3
- (0.9687 atm)(0.075 L)=n( 0.0821)(298 K )
n=¿ 0.00297 mol
3.2. 0.5 mol of NaHCO 3
- (0.9687 atm)(0.215 L)=n( 0.0821)(298 K )
n=¿ 0.00851 mol
3.3. 0.75 mol of NaHCO 3
- (0.9687 atm)(0.27 L)=n (0.0821)(298 K )
n=¿ 0.0107 mol
4. Calculate the mass of CO 2
- The molar mass of CO 2 = 44 grams
- no . of mole × molar mass=mass of CO 2
4.1. 0.25 mol of NaHCO 3
- (0.00297)(44 g)=0.131 g CO 2
4.2. 0.5 mol of NaHCO 3
- (0.00851)(44 g)=0.375 g CO 2
4.3. 0.75 mol of NaHCO 3
- (0.0107)(44 g)=0.471 g CO 2

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Conclusion
The result of this experiment matched with our hypothesis before carrying out the
experiment. The concentration of NaHCO 3is directly proportional to the volume of CO 2 gas
produced.

References
Reactions with acids - Making salts - GCSE Chemistry (Single Science) Revision - WJEC -
BBC Bitesize. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2020, from
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z7g26yc/revision/1

Mott, V. (n.d.). Introduction to Chemistry. Retrieved November 17, 2020, from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/collecting-gases-over-water/

Libretexts. (2020, September 15). 4.3: Acid-Base Reactions. Retrieved November 17, 2020, from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map:_Chemistry_-
_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/04._Reactions_in_Aqueous_Solution/4.3:_Acid-
Base_Reactions

Contributor. (2019, March 02). How to Use Water Displacement to Calculate Volume. Retrieved
November 17, 2020, from https://sciencing.com/use-water-displacement-measure-volume-
2290862.html