Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091

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Microprocessors and Microsystems

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ANFIS based multi-sector space vector PWM scheme for sensorless

BLDC motor drive
Ganesan R a,∗, S. Suresh b, SS Sivaraju a
a
Department of EEE, RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641402, India
b
Department of EEE, Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641402, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: This paper presents a design and development of Multi Sector Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
Received 25 November 2019 scheme (MS-SVPWM) for the speed control of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive. This control
Revised 29 January 2020
scheme is developed to enhance the performance of BLDC under wide range of speed and load varia-
Accepted 11 March 2020
tion. The hardware prototype is developed for 400 W, 30 V, 3000 rpm BLDC motor. The drive consists of
Available online 14 March 2020
uncontrolled rectifier unit for providing DC source to inverterunit. The proposed drive control has been
Keywords: done by implementing MS-SVPWM scheme using ANFIS control. The main function of ANFIS controller is
Controller to select the suitable sector for the drive and also predict the mismatching pulses by comparing conven-
Drives tional SVPWM and MS-SVPWM switching patterns. This new switching control technique helps to reduce
Multi processor chip switching losses of inverter and also improves an efficiency of BLDC system. This MS-SVPWM reduces the
Embedded DC voltage ripple; Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and torque ripple to the standard level. To verify and
Communication
validate the practicality of the proposed system, the simulation is first performed using MATLAB Simulink
Circuits
Motors
tool. The hardware system is developed for the MS-SVPWM using DSPIC30F4011controller, the simulation
and experimental results are presented.
© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.

1. Introduction of operation. In SVM can be operated in continuous modulation

Three-phase Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) have been widely
used for DC/AC power conversion since they can produce a vari-
able voltage and variable frequency power. The main objective of
modulation technique in inverter is to obtain variable output hav-
ing a maximum fundamental component with minimum harmon-
ics. Many researchers explained different PWM techniques and are
given in the literature. Pulse width modulation technique is im-
portant for drive performance in respect to voltage and current
harmonics, torque ripple, acoustic noise emitted from an induc-
tion motor and also electromagnetic interference (EMI). Different
approaches were used in PWM techniques for reduction of these
disadvantages. The classifications of PWM are Sine- Triangle PWM,
Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) PWM, Space Vector Modu-
lation (SVM), and Random PWM. Among these PWM techniques,
Space vector
Modulation (SVM) has recently grown as a very popular Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM) for voltage fed converter AC drives be-
cause of its superior harmonic quality and extended linear range
∗
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: iamganesan@gmail.com (G. R), engrsuresh@gmail.com (S.
Suresh), sssivaraju@gmail.com (S. Sivaraju).
or discontinuous modulation. Discontinuous modulation provides
33% reduction of switching losses than continuous modulation.
There are different types in space vector discontinuous modula-
tion. It depends on the switching sectors. These sectors are suf-
ficiently moved on 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° It gives only one zero
state per sampling period. These modulations are deterministic
pulse width modulation, because of constant sampling and switch-
ing frequency. All cycles the switching sequence is deterministic.
In RPWM methods the switching frequency or the switching se-
quence changes randomly. The main disadvantage of the Random
Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM) method is variable switching fre-
quency. Additional control algorithm required to implementing the
RPWM in digital.
Variable frequency drive is getting more attention in the indus-
trial control area. The control and estimation of AC drive is more
complex than DC drives. This complexity further increases when
the performance of the drive improved. In scalar control, mag-
nitude of control variables only adjusted. But the control of flux
and torque are done the major parameters like magnitude and fre-
quency respectively. So vector control is preferable in industrial ap-
plications instead of scalar control [1,2]. In vector control, principle
of the Field Oriented Control (FOC) is based on an analogy of the
separately excited dc motor. In this method, flux and torque can be

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103091
0141-9331/© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.
2 G. R, S. Suresh and S. Sivaraju / Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091
controlled independently and their control algorithm can be imple-
mented by using simple regulators. Important feature of the field
oriented control is the coordinate transformation. Buttransforma-
tions require a proper rotor flux angle. Based on angle calculation,
there are Direct FOC and Indirect FOC method [3]. In Direct FOC,
rotor flux estimator is mainly required and the Indirect FOC tech-
nique, mechanical speed is required. This technique requires cur-
rent controllers [4,5]. In direct torque control (DTC) method, the
torque is controlled by varying the angle between the two flux
vectors. Any DTC implementation contains a flux control loop and
a torque control loop.
DTC with hysteresis controller in an analog setup is easy and
when the hysteresis controller is implemented in a Digital Signal
Processor (DSP), its operation is somewhat different from the ana-
log scheme. The DTC technique is superior to vector control be-
cause of its fast torque and switching frequency and reduced har-
monic loss.
At low sampling frequency, the switching frequency and torque
error are not sensitive for hysteresis band. At the high sampling
frequency, when the hysteresis band is increased the switching fre-
quency decreases and the torque error increases. So the classical
DTC method has some problems like Variable Switching frequency,
High switching losses and High sampling frequency in [14,15].
Closed loop control for a brushless dc motor to run at the ex-
actly entered speed is a system that controls the BLDC (brush-
less dc) motor speed according to the user defined speed. In other
words, this system runs the motor at 25%,50% or 75% of the total
speed when user set this percentage of speed range. Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM) is a fancy term for describing a type of dig-
ital signal. Pulse width modulation is used in a variety of appli-
cations including sophisticated control circuitry. Among the pulse
width modulation techniques, Space vector pulse width modula-
tion is a sophisticated, which gives 15% more smooth output volt-
age for the same dc input voltage. This feature increases the uti-
lization of the dc link voltage in case of the multi stage converters.
It also has lower THD and the switching losses compared to other
PWM methods as for the same switching frequency and Ma.
Three phase three leg inverter is a two level voltage source
converter, where in the line voltages can be either Vdc or zero,
depending on the switching combinations of the six switches.
SVPWM makes use of a rotating vector as a reference and the turn
ON and OFF of the switch is determined by the location of the
reference vector [7–11]. Different approaches were used in PWM
techniques for reduction of these disadvantages. The classifications
of PWM are Sine- Triangle PWM, Selective harmonic elimination
(SHE) PWM, Space Vector Modulation (SVM),and Random PWM.
Among these PWM techniques, Space vector Modulation (SVM) has
recently grown as a very popular Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
for voltage fed converter drives because of its superior harmonic
quality and extended linear range of operation. The PWM pulse
controlled by this section describes a procedure of adaptive net-
works [12,13,16]. In sensorless closed loop control with ANFIS ex-
aminations were carried out on direct torque control (DTC) which
contains brushless DC motors (BLDC). The amplitude of stator flux
linkage cannot be controlled in BLDC-DTC since it is automatically
resolute by electrical commutation for each and every 60° [17–21].
ANFIS stands for Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System. Using a
given input/output data set, toolbox function ANFIS constructs a
fuzzy inference system (FIS) whose membership function parame-
ters are tuned (adjusted) using either a back propagation algorithm
or in combination with a least squares type of method. This allows
your fuzzy system to learn from the data they are modeling. The
Takagi-ANFIS architecture is shown below. The circular nodes rep-
resent nodes that are fixed whereas the square.
ANFIS logic is introduced for improving the system function
based on static and dynamic condition. The underlying network
Fig. 1. Block diagram of BLDC drive.
structure is a superset of all kinds of ANFIS network paradigms
with supervised learning capability. This controller uses only few
rules to provide the control actions, instead of the full combination
of all possible rules. Consequently, the proposed controller pos-
sesses several advantages over the conventional ANFIS controller
especially the reduction in execution time, and hence, it is more
appropriate for real time control [22–25]. An adaptive network, as
its name implies, is a network structure consisting of nodes and di-
rectional links, overall input-output behavior is determined by the
values of a collection of modifiable parameters through which the
nodes are connected [26–28, 29,30].
This paper presents the realization of MS-SVPWM scheme using
ANFIS controller and it is implemented forspeed and torque Con-
trol of BLDC motor. Furthermore, it offers better drive performance
and minimizes the switching losses to control the inverter output
voltage. The paper is organized as follows; Section 2 describes the
configuration of proposed drive system; Section 3 elaborates the
Multi Sector Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (MS-SVPWM)
for inverter; Sections 4 bring the simulation and hardware results.
Finally a Section 5 concludes the recommendations.
2. Proposes BLDC drive configuration
There are variety of Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs) are used in
industry. In most cases, Induction Motor Drives (IMDs) are used,
because of its lower cost, less maintenance and higher efficiency.
BLDC motors are a type of synchronous motor. This means the
magnetic field generated by the stator and the magnetic field gen-
erated by the rotor rotates at the same frequency. Brushless Direct
Current (BLDC) motors are one of the motor types rapidly gaining
popularity, BLDC motors do not use brushes for commutation; in-
stead, they are electronically commutated. BLDC motors have many
advantages over brushed DC motors and induction motors.
In addition, the ratio of torque delivered to the size of the mo-
tor is higher, making it useful in applications where space and
weight are critical factors BLDC motors do not experience the “slip”
that is normally seen in induction motors. In this paper, a three-
phase and two pole sensors less BLDC motor is used and its control
architecture is illustrated in Fig.1.
For the three phases BLDC motor the back EMF and phase cur-
rent waveforms with 120° conduction mode. Analysis of BLDC mo-
tor is represented as following circuit and equations. The math-
ematical model of BLDC drive can be represented by a set of
algebraic-nonlinear differential equations as described in [22].
Phase voltage equations of BLDC motor are shown in equations:
 G. R, S. Suresh and S. Sivaraju / Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091
Va = Ra Ia + La dIa /dt + Lab dIb /dt + Lca dIc /dt + ea
Vb = Rb Ib + Lb dIb /dt + Lab dIa /dt + Lbc dIc /dt + eb
Vc = Rc Ic + Lc dIc /dt + Lac dIa /dt + Lbc dIb /dt + ec
[V a V b V c ] · = [R 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R ][Ia Ib Ic ] + [ea eb ec ]
[L − M 0 0 0 L − M 0 0 0 L − M ]d/dt [Ia Ib Ic ]
Where Va , Vb , Vc are the phase voltages, Ia , Ib , Ic are the phase-
currents, ea , eb , ec are the phase back EMF waveforms, R is the
phase resistance, L is the self-inductance of each phase and M is
the mutual inductance between any two phases. So the Electro-
magnetic torque can be obtained as
Te = (ea Ia + eb Ib + ec Ic )/wr
Where wr is the mechanical speed of the rotor. The equation of
motion is:
d Te − Tl − Bwr
( wr ) =
dt J
Where B is the damping constant, J is the moment of inertia of
the drive and TL is the hydrodynamic load torque of the centrifugal
pump which is related with speed as following
T = K wr 2
Where K is the constant of the pump torque. The electrical fre-
quency related to the mechanical speed for a motor with P num-
bers of poles is
We = (P/2 )
3. ANFIS based hybridmultisector space vector PWM
(MS-SVPWM) topology
Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique plays a major role
for the control power electronic switches in the converter. In high
voltage application, the converter circuit performance is affected
by continuous change of switching state. This continuous switch-
ing state of the converter switches causes high switching losses.
There are several PWM techniques are investigated to reduce the
losses in the power converter. The Space Vector PWM (SVPWM)
is a technique used for solving the switching losses in the power
converter. The SVPWM is operated in a symmetrical way, so the
switching state of each sector is predefined.
3.1. Traditional SVPWM method
The intention of traditional space vector PWM technique is
to generate the reference voltage vector Vref utilizing the eight
switching patterns, which activates for specified period of time.
Consider sector 1 of the hexagon shown in Fig 2. To realize a time-
averaged space vector of amplitude Vref at an angle α =ωt from the
d-axis, subsequently the inverter must spend time in the bounding
positions of the sector and the zero space-vector state [23].
Let the inverter spend T1 interval of time in the state (1,0,0),
T2 interval of time in the state (1,1,0) and T0 interval of time in
the zero space-vector state. For balanced Space Vector modulation,
V0 is concerned for time T0 /2 and V7 is concerned for time T0 /2.
The inverter is then said to output a time-averaged space vector of
amplitude Vref as in the Eq. (9) for the period Tz in Eq. (10), the
carrier period, according to the relation.
Vref =V1 .T1 +V2 .T2 +V0 .T0
3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) Fig. 2. Basic switching vectors of SVPWM.
Tz =T1 +T2 +T0 (10)
(7) The values ofVd , Vq , Vref , and angle (α ) are calculated us-
ing Clarke and Park transformation. The Coordinate transforma-
tion from abc to d-q axes, which is attained by Clarke transfor-
mation [(a,b,c)→(α ,β )]. Two axis to d, q by Park transformation
[(α ,β )→(d,q)] are shown in Eqs. (11) and (12).
(8) The values ofVd , Vq , Vref , and angle (α ) are calculated us-
ing Clarke and Park transformation. The Coordinate transforma-
tion from abc to d-q axes, which is attained by Clarke transfor-
mation [(a,b,c)→(α ,β )]. Two axis to d, q by Park transformation
[(α ,β )→(d,q)] are shown in Eqs. (11) and (12).
V d = V an − V bn cos60 − V cncoscos 60
(11)
= V an − 12 V bn − 12 V cn
V q = 0 + V bn cos30 −√V cncoscos 30
√ (12)
= V an + 23 V bn − 23 V cn
Determination of time duration T1 , T2 , T0 are done as follows;
Consider sector 1. The vector states V0 , V1 , and V2 are to be turned
on for time durations T0 , T1 and T2 , respectively. Tz is total time
period Suppose if we choose switching frequency as 1 kHz. Then
Tz=0.001 s (1msec)
In this,
√ 
k = 3∗Tz ∗ Vref/Vdc;
T1 = k∗(sin(1.05−(angle )+( ( (n − 1 )/3 )∗3.14 ) ) ); (13)
T2 = k∗(sin( (angle )−( (n − 1 )/3 )∗3.14 ) );
T0 = Tz − T1 − T2; (14)
Angle = tan−1 (Vq/vd ) (15)
Hence, for the switching time durations at Sector 1.Related cal-
culations can be achieved at any of the sectors to establish the
proper time combinations of vectors in any of the sectors. By vary-
ing the modulation index the output voltage magnitude can be
(9) controlled and α controls the frequency of the output voltage []
4 G. R, S. Suresh and S. Sivaraju / Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091
Fig. 3. Pseudo Code for MS-SVPWM Generation.
Fig. 4. Structure of MS-SVPWM Hexagon.
3.2. Proposed HS-SVPWM scheme
In this paper, Hybrid Multi Sector Space Vector PWM (MS-
SVPWM) is used for analyzing the dynamic switching state of the
VSI based BLDC drive. The switching state of the MS-SVPWM im-
plementation steps are denoted in Fig. 3.
In general, three phase Voltage source inverters (VSI) have eight
distinct switching losses, where state 1 to 6 are active states, 0 and
7 are inactive switching states. In MS-SVPWM, asymmetric voltage
vectors are represented as Vni , Vnj and Vnk where n = 1,2,3,4,5,6
and four quadrants. Hence the MS-SVPWM has 24 sectors and it is
shown in Fig.4. MS-SVPWM has two non-zero vectors (V1 and V2 )
and two zero vectors (V0 and V24 ) in each vector will be used for
the vector 15°.
Intelligent control methods such as Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC)
and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are more efficient than classi-
cal control techniques. Compare with FLC and ANN systems, Adap-
tive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is faster in convergence
and it improves the dynamic behavior of the system. MS-SVPWM
is implemented based on the ANFIS controller. Dynamic switching
operation of the inverter is formed the product of state vector at
an initial time t0 . The active switching state of original voltage sec-
tor is denoted as δ and the weights of the state transition voltage
Fig. 5. Proposed ANFIS Architecture.
Fig. 6. Membership functions for input and output prior to ANFIS training.
vectors are w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 , w5 and w6 . Inactive voltage vectors are
w0 and w7, The corresponding voltage vectors are v0 and v7 . Here,
the hexagon voltage magnitudes are assumed as weights.
Based on these vector magnitude and deviation in sector angle
is checked, the closer vector and angle is used for the generation of
MS-SVPWM. This will be implemented by calculating the reference
voltage vectors as given in equations from (9)–(14). The continu-
ous and discontinuous operation of the MS-SVPWM is tested using
simulink and experimental tools under various load conditions.
ANFIS based MS-SVPWM provides a highly effective control for
VSI fed BLDC motor drive. The ANFIS controller architecture is
given in Fig.5 and it improves overall system stability under vari-
able loading conditions.
3.3. Implementation of ANFIS controller
The steps involved in initialization and training of ANFIS con-
troller to adapt the initial fuzzy parameters to fix the premise
fuzzy parameters for construction of the proposed optimum input
output pattern to perform the desired control action at various op-
erating conditions is presented.
3.4. Layer 1:Initialization
Load input vector id,q ∗ and id,q to calculate error(e) and change
in error (࢞e)
e = i∗ d,q − id,q (16)
x = e(t ) (17)
e = e ( k ) − e ( k − 1 ) (18)
 G. R, S. Suresh and S. Sivaraju / Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091 5

Fig. 7. Power circuit of a proposed NSC.

Fig. 8. Torque Vs Speed Curve.

y = e(t ) (19)
Table 1
Select membership functions from Ai=1 to7
FLC Rules.
1
O1i = μAi (x ) = (20) Outputs e
1 + [1/[x − Ci ]/Ai ]bi ]
NB NM NS Z PS PM PB
1
O1i+2 = μBi (y ) = i = 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . (21) E NB NB NB NB NB NM NS Z
1 + [1/[y − Ci+2 ]/Ai+2 ]bi+2 NM NB NB NB NM NS Z PS
NS NB NB NM NS Z PS PM
Z NB NM NS Z PS PM PB
3.5. Layer 2: Forward pass
PS NM NS Z PS PM PB PB
PM NS Z PS PM PB PB PB
This layer is rule inference layer. Every node in this layer is a PB Z PS PM PB PB PB PB

fixed node labeled as which multiplies the incoming signals and
Initialize premise parameter matrix [ai bi ci]for generalized Bell member-
sends the product out. Each node output corresponds to the firing ship a=half width of bell function as in Fig. 6, b-slopes at crossover point
strength of a fuzzy rule. (where MF=0.5), c= center of corresponding membership function and
learning rate η=0.5.
O2i = wi = μAi (x )μBi (y ) (22)

3.6. Layer 3:Backward pass

I. Design is carried out at various combination of switching sec-
This layer is normalization layer. Every node in this layer is a tors.
circle node labeled N. The i th node calculates the ratio of the II. Repeat step i. for the various switching angles at various load-
rule’s firing strength to the sum of all rules firing strength. ing conditions.
wi III. Generate (Vd , Vq ) training pairs the fuzzy controller so de-
O3i = wi =  (23) signed.
wi
i

O4i = wi f i = wi ( pi x + qi y + ri ) (24)
Where, ANFIS is a normalized firing strength, and{pi, qi, ri} is 4. Results and discussion
the parameter set of this node.

O5i = wi f i (25) 4.1. Simulation results

The simulation analysis of BLDC motor drive is done using MAT-

δE
= k 1 e + k 2 e (26) LAB simulink environment. The parameters used for the simulation
δ O5 study is listed in Table2.
3.7. Layer 4: Training data The BLDC motor used in this work is about 400 W, 30 0 0 rpm,
3-phase BLDC motor. Various conditions such as starting, steady
The input signals error (e) and the change of error (࢞e) multi- state, step change in load and speed reversal are simulated. And
plied by the coefficients k1 and k2. given in Fig. 9(a) to –(f), from which it can be observed that,
the ripple in torque, flux and torque is more in steady state. To
δE
αk+1 = αk − η (27) reduce the steady state ripple, in this paper, Discontinuous MS-
δk SVPWM methods are proposed. Among the proposed hybrid vector
The proposed fuzzy structure has 21 premise parameters and 14 control algorithm is superior to the all other methods in terms of
consequent parameters to be estimated. The data base for the op- the steady state ripple in torque, flux and current can be reduced.
timum input-output pattern required for the training of the ANFIS Also improves the speed performance under uncertainties caused
is generated as follows. by parameter under load variations.
6 G. R, S. Suresh and S. Sivaraju / Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091

Fig. 9. Result of Stator Current, Torque, Speed and DC voltage of BLDC with MS-SVPWM Clockwise Rotation (a) 20% in rated load (b) 50% in rated load (c) 100% in rated
load, Counter Clockwise Rotation (d)20% in rated load (e) 50% in rated load (f) 100% in rated load.

4.2. Experimental results
The physical structure of a proposed 400 WBLDC based BLDC
motor drive is given in Fig.7. The BLDC drive performance param-
eters are presented in Fig.9.
The experimental setup of the BLDC and MS-SVPWM control
using DSPIC30F4011 Controller is shown in Fig.7. The results indi-
cate that the three phase voltage waveform of a BLDC. The output
voltage of the system has been distorted under fast varying load
condition. Sudden distortion in the output voltage of a VSI can be
controlled by the effective control of an MS-SVPWM implementa-
tion in DSP controller.
Fig. 8, it can be find that, whether the load disturbance is added
or not, the speed response is almost the same with the proposed
speed controller. Hence, the proposed controller provides the ro-
bustness for the system.
 G. R, S. Suresh and S. Sivaraju / Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091 7

Fig. 10. Result of Stator Current, Torque, Speed and DC voltage of BLDC under clock wise and counter cloak wise rotationThe electromagnetic torque generated in the BLDC
basedBLDC motor drive matches with the load torque and it has minimum value of torque ripple at theoutput and it is shown in Fig.10. This is happens during the dynamic
loading conditions as well as speed reversals.The harmonic content in the output current in the three phases of VSI can be measured using FLUKE power quality analyzer
and Power log software. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at the load current is measured and shown in Fig. 11(a) and Fig. 11(b).

Fig. 11. THD% with MS-SVPWM(a)20% of rated load (b) 50% of rated load and (c) 100% of rated load.

During the speed reversal and load variation the MS-SVPWM
controller changes the output reference voltage magnitude as
shown in Fig.12.
The current distortion reduction and current Reconstruction
range for a Three-Phase Inverter using DC-link voltage magnitude,
which has been achieved using the proposed ANFIS based MS-
SVPWM scheme.
The response time of the ANFIS based MS-SVPWM control has
better time response about (10 μs) delay in speed settling during
positive and negative portions of the speed curves. The speed of
the system is also nearly 994 rpm for the set speed of 10 0 0 rpm.
The main key factor of THD noted at average speed and the value
is minimized up to 2.1% Comparing with the traditional PWM con-
troller, MS-SVPWM has minimum torque ripple of 5% in the rated
torque.
8 G. R, S. Suresh and S. Sivaraju / Microprocessors and Microsystems 76 (2020) 103091

Table 2 WBLDC motor drive using DSPIC30F4011 controller. In this con-

BLDC Motor and Drive Parameters.
troller, Sector selection is done using ANFIS and it optimizes the
Parameter Name Value switching losses and minimizes the torque ripples, stator current
Equivalent Circuit Resistance 0.2 Ω variations and settling time in drive system. Moreover this switch-
Inductance 8.5 e − 3 H ing mechanism improves the dynamic performance of the drive
Back EMF flat area 120 under transient conditions from the simulation results, it can be
Flux Linkage 0.175 observed that, with the proposed method, the ripple in torque, flux
Voltage Constant (V peak) 147 V
and current in the steady state can be reduced. The ANFIS based
Torque Constant 1.4 N-m
Inertia 0.089 kg∗ m2 BLDC, time taken to reach steady state value is less compared to
Friction 0.005 N m-s Fuzzy based BLDC. Hence, the switching losses of the inverter can
Poles pairs 4 also be reduced with the proposed method. Also, to improve the
Snubber resistance 10e3 Ω
speed performance, a hybrid vector controller is developed, which
Snubber capacitance 20e-9
On state Diode Resistance 1e−3 is robust under uncertainties caused by parameter errors or by
Forward Voltage 1.3 V variation in load torque. From the simulation and hardware results,
Braking Chopper Resistance 8Ω it can be observed that, the proposed method gives good response
Inverter IGBT On state Resistance 1e− 3 Ω over the wide speed range.
Forward Voltage of IGBT 0.8 V
Chopper Frequency 4000 Hz
Input Phase to Phase Voltage (AC) 220 V
Ethical approval
Speed 1650 rpm
Power 3 HP This article does not contain any studies with human partici-
pants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Declaration of Competing Interest

This paper has not communicated anywhere till this moment,

now only it is communicated to your esteemed journal for the
publication with the knowledge of all co-authors.

References

Fig. 12. Output Voltage with MS-SVPWMat 100% of rated load.
Fig. 13. Three phase current waveforms of aBLDC drive.
5. Conclusion
The conventional BLDC is simple and gives quick response. But,
it gives a considerable ripple in torque, flux and current in the
steady state. In this paper discussed about new hybrid asymmet-
ric SVPWM technique for BLDC -based BLDC motor drive. This hy-
brid technique uses ANFIS control scheme which helps to find the
suitable voltage vectors. The hardware prototype is done for 400
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Ganesan R received the B.E. degree in electrical engineer-
ing from the Anna University, Chennai, India, in 2011, and
the M.E. in Power Electronic Drives and Control from the
P.A.College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Anna
University, India, in 2014 and Pursuing Ph.D in Drives and
control, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Anna
University, Chennai, India He is working as Assistant Pro-
fessor of the Department of Electrical Engineering, R.V.S
College of Engineering and technology from 2014 to 2018.
His-current research interests include Power electronics,
Electrical machines and drives, Power converters, Hybrid
vehicles, Batteries. He is a Life Member of the Indian So-
ciety for Technical Education (ISTE) and International As-
sociation of Engineers (IAENG).
9
Suresh S received his B.E., degree in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering from Bharathiar University, M.E
(Power Systems) from Government College of Technol-
ogy, Coimbatore, PhD degree in Electrical Engineering in
Anna University Chennai, and received PDF in Idaho state
university, USA. He is currently a professor of EEE De-
partment, Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore. His-research interests accumulate in the area
of power system, power electronics, control & digital sys-
tems, and Smart grid. He is a Member of ISTE, IETE,
IAENG (Hongkong) Senior Member of IEEE, (USA) and Fel-
low Member IE.
Dr. S.S.SIVARAJU was born on 8th May, 1970 at Erode,
Tamilnadu, He received his Bachelor’s degree in Electri-
cal and Electronics Engineering from Coimbatore Institute
of Technology (CIT), under Bharathiyar University, Coim-
batore in April 1999. He got his Master’s degree in Elec-
trical Machines from PSG College of Technology, Under
Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore in February 2004. He
received Ph.D. in the area of Electrical Drives and Con-
trol in the year 2013 from Anna University- Chennai. He
joined as Assistant Electrical Engineer in Lakshmi Ma-
chine Works Company Limited and served for a period
of eight years. Later, he served as Senior Lecturer in Sri
Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore. He has
16 years of teaching and 8 years of industrial experience. He has published research
papers in both National and international Conferences. He has also published 28 pa-
pers in reputed international journals. At present, he is working as Professor and
Head in R.V.S. College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore in the De-
partment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. His research interests are in the
area of Electrical Machine Deign, Power Electronics, Control Systems, Renewable En-
ergy and Power Electronics. He is published technical books like Basic Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Circuit Theory, Digital Logic Circuits and Digital Electronics.
He is a senior IEEE member, also life member of ISTE, SSI and IAENG. He is re-
viewer for IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Energy
Conversion, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology and International Jour-
nal of Sustainable Energy. He is international journal Associate Editor and Editorial
board member for few journals. He is also doctoral committee member for many
research scholars of Anna University and other universities in India. He is in Anna
University recognized supervisor Ref No: 2730053. He is received “Excellent Aca-
demic Professor and Administrator Award”, Innovative Academician Achievement
Award, Innovative Technological Research & Dedicated Professor Award and Com-
mendation Award for Special Achievement from varies foreign universities. He acts
as Anna University and other institutions Central Valuation EEE board Chairman.
He also delivers Keynote Speech with Session Chair and Paper Reviewer for many
international conferences around the India and other countries. He contributes QP
Scrutiny, Engineering Question Paper Auditor and QP Setter for few Autonomous
Institution in around Tamil Nadu.