Tutorial Sheet- 1

Sheet on - Identify the needs:

Work on the following problems:

Identify the needs for:

1. Note book for taking lecture notes in

a) engineering class
b) ordinary class (graduate)
c) high school class

2. A chair for
a) dining hall in the college hostel
b) lecture hall complex
c) computer lab
d) principal's office
e) registrar's office

3. A shoe for use in

a) winter and more of walk
b) Winter along with snow and more of car travels.
c) Rainy season and more for walk
d) Dry weather but for safety.

4. A text book size and print quality for

a) A primary school syllabus
b) Inter college syllabus
c) Graduate course
d) An Engineering Text book.
5. A bag for
a) kids going to school for the first time
b) class IV children
c) market use by a housewife 4) for office use by a worker

6. Doors for
a) lecture hall
b) a computer laboratory
c) principal's office
d) students hostel room

7. A fan for
a) lecture hall complex
b) railway platform
c) hostel room
d) personal drawing room

8. A bicycle for
a) A milkman carrying milk from village to city.
b) A school going boy covering a distance of 3 km in total on
plane track at Allahabad.
c) Going to town while residing in College Hostel.
d) Participating in sports.

9. Software for Word-processing.

a) In chief ministers' office
b) Television broadcasting studio
c) Engineering College
d) News papers office
10. Grill for a window to be used at
a) In a school building
b) Personal residence.
c) On a bridge as railing
d) In a park as a safety guard.

11. Dress for kids for standard I to V for

i) winter ii) summer ill) All seasons

12. The color of the bus service for

a) city transport
b) Long distance route.
c) School bus.

13. Door lock mechanism for

a) A family car
b) A taxi cab
c) A public transport vehicle.
d) Police Jeep

14. Water Tap for use at

a) Kitchen
b) Bathroom of the house for hot & cold mixture
c) Railway station
d) Children's school water utility

15. Select a two wheeler motor vehicle for personal use

a) When you are bachelor
b) You want to use the vehicle for family use
c) Your job demands the ride on village roads.

16. Flooring specifications for

a) Railway platform
 b) Railway resting room
c) Engineering college corridor
d) Government school class room

17. Examination Copies for

a) University Examination
b) School Internal Examination
c) Competitive examination

18. Glass bottle for packaging and selling

a) Honey
b) Mustard oil
c) Tomato sauce
d) Shampoo

19. Container for packaging and selling

a) Eggs
b) Apples
c) Mangoes
d) Grapes

20. Microphone for use in a

a) High School Annual function
b) Radio news broadcasting
c) Stage play in an auditorium
d) Television studio.

Try to brainstorm the problems given in the above example -

search the various alternatives available in the market and decide
on 1he quality and cost aspect of each of your solution.

DR H. S. Goyal MNNIT-
Tutorial Sheet – 2

1. What is product development process? Why a well defined development process

is useful? Discuss few simple products – for example – a calendar - where a well
defined process helped in quality maintenance.
2. What is the role of mission statement in the product development process?
How logo is different from mission statement. And can logo be made to
communicate mission statement- take the example of University of Allahabad
Emblem and discuss. Take a suitable example on mission statement –and explain
your view point.
3. What is a generic development process and mention its various phases. Most of
the market pull products are in the monopoly of FMCG companies – why so?
4. What are the various front end activities in the product development process of a
market pull product. Take any market pull product and explain.
5. Mention four other types of product development processes which require
variants to the generic process. Give at least two examples, each and explain the
development process. How a technology push product becomes a market pull
product- discuss the example of engineering items related to your branch of
engineering.
6. What role does basic technological research play in the product development
process? Take the example of any Indian company and explain your view point as
compared to a parallel multinational company.
7. Is there any analogy between a university and a product development
organization? Try to brain storm on The History of Engineering and its present
day status and compare any Indian University with the leading Universities of the
world and comment.

DR H S Goyal
 Tutorial Sheet 3

1. What is the advantage of Identifying Customer's needs in advance while developing the product?
Take a case of your choice where the customers needs have been poorly identified & you feel an urge
to re identify the need.
If possible using a camera, document user frustration with an everyday task of your choice.
2. Choose a product that continually annoys you. Identify the needs the developers of the identified
product missed. Why do you think these needs were not met? Do you think the developers deliberately
ignored these needs?
3. What are the various steps the team has to follow while identifying the customer needs?
4. What are the benefits of following the methodology while identifying need in advance? Related to
your branch of engineering select a product from your surrounding & re identify the customer need
based on that products performance.
5. After identifying the Customer needs, the development team has to establish tentative product
specification. What important points the development team should consider while deciding the
specifications?
6. What are the various steps required in establishing target specification. What is the necessity of
going for refined specifications & mention four step process for refining specifications.
7. How would the needs methodology change if a development team wished to pursue two very
different segments with the same product. Give example.
8. Can the process of identifying customer needs leads to the creation of innovative concepts? Give
example if possible.

Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Discuss the role of concept generation in the product development. A bad concept can rarely
be manipulated to achieve commercial success. Give examples from your surrounding to establish the
above statement.
2. What are the common dysfunctions exhibited by development teams during concept
generation stage. Mention in detail with example.
3. What is the five-step methodology for concept generation while following the structured
approach to concept development?
4. What is the role of Brain storming & problem decomposition on concept generation?
5. For the problems given in the Tutorial sheet 1, generate the concepts for few of the items of
your choice and brainstorm amongst your friends.
6. Based on tutorial sheet 1 example try to list at least ten items which needs proper
consideration while designing/ selecting for one's personal use. If possible work on the selected items
on your own.
PDD Students: Search the following article from the mentioned reference. Also search few
additional articles of interest from scientific journal related to Products- Failure , Development
challenges….

,
Domestic product failures – Case studies, C. Gagg

Engineering Failure Analysis

Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2005, Pages 784-807
Abstract

Every year in the UK more than 4000 people die in accidents in and around the home and
nearly three million turn up at accident and emergency departments seeking treatment.
Intrinsic in this number are many incidents of injury or death directly attributable to poor
product design or manufacture of domestic products. In and around the home,
commodities that dominate so much of every-day life are becoming more numerous and
complex and could be mooted as an argument for such dire statistics. Moreover, society
in general is becoming more litigious. These converging trends are responsible for an
increasing significance of product liability. When property is damaged, personal injury
sustained or loss of life occurs there is an understandable need to determine where any
fault may lie. The forensic (or failure) engineer will glean relevant information through
meticulous investigation and a reverse engineering process. Reconstructing the failure
will uncover any inherent defect in product design, manufacturing, incorrect installation
or maintenance. However, product failure can also be attributable to careless use or abuse
by the individual, rather than to any specific defect or design shortcoming being inherent
within a product. Ultimately the outcome of any investigation will be a sound finding and
a conclusion that clearly describes what happened and why. To illustrate typical failure
modes that are currently emerging in the home-based UK market, a range of domestic
product failures are presented from the author’s forensic casebook.

Keywords: Domestic products; Failure; Reverse engineering; case studies

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Case 1: step ladders
3. Case 2: club hammer
4. Case 3: crankpin from a bicycle
5. Case 4: failed guard from a hand grinder
6. Case 5: cistern handle failure
6.1. Cause of window handle failure
7. Case 6: failure of skateboard truck bracket
8. Case 7: fracture of cake knife handle
9. Case 8: cycle accident
References
PDD Students: Assignment for sessional marks evaluation:

Producing script for preparing documentary

Producing E. Content on technology -related to day to day activities- for use by the media for public
education is to be prepared.
The contents, titles presentation has to be in easy to understand language.

Topics are

1. Know your Refrigerator’s machineries.

2. Know your Air conditioner’s machineries.
3. Know your Uninterrupted Power Supply.
4. Know your Kitchen Utensils.
5. Know your Radio receiver set.
6. Know your Paints (Used inside & Outside residential buildings)
7. Know your Electrical fitting for lightings.
8. Know your Ceiling fan machinery.
9. Know your Washing machine machinery.
10. Know your Kitchen food processor machinery.
11. Know your wiring (for residential application).
12. Know your Windows’s Glass & Looking Glass quality.
13. Know your flooring (for residential application requirements).
14. Know your Water submersible Pump (for use in the residential colony).
15. Know your Kitchen Exhaust fans & Electrical Chimneys.
16. Know your Dress materials- Cotton vs. Synthetic.
17. Know your Automotive fuels.
18. Know your sanitary fittings.
19. Know your Water Geyser.
20. Know your Detergents & Soaps.
21. Know your Mobile Phones.
22. Know your Battery charger based emergency light.
23. Know your Temples to follow passive architecture in daily life.
24. Know your writing paper quality parameter.
25. Know your Ball point pen.
26. Know your Gel pen.
27. Know your Garments.
28. Know your Foot wears.
29. Know your Foods (for vegetarians).
30. Know your Wheat grinder.
31. Know your tooth paste & tooth brush.
32. Know your Kitchen chulha.
33. Know your packaged milk.
34. Know your furniture (for residential use).
35. Know your Dry cell (for torch & radio receiver).
36. Know your Battery (for car & Inverters).
37. Know your Lock and key.
38. Know your ATM card.
39. Know your Kitchen knife.
40. Know your Hair oil.
41. Know your Electric motor (used in small centrifugal pump and other AC appliances).
42. Know your Roads (Type- Construction &maintenance).
43. Know your Residential building construction essential.
44. Know your Electric Press.
 45. Know your Fan speed regulator.
46. Know your City solid waste disposal mechanism.
47. Know your City sewage disposal mechanism.
48. Know your Bathroom & floor cleaning equipment.
49. Know your Steel window’s grills.
50. Know your Bottled drinking waters.
51. Know your steel gates.
52. Know your Vacuum Cleaner.
53. Know your Air pump used in the cycle.
54. Know your Lubricant for use in two wheelers.
55. Know your Helmet.
56. Know your vehicle’s tires pressure maintaining equipments.
57. Know your Water pipes-Metallic & Plastic.
58. Know your petrol pump’s machineries working.
59. Know your Fancy lightings used during festivals.
60. Know your sewing machine.
61. Know your Mobile network working.
62. Know your Satellite television network’s working.
63. Know your Internet wireless connectivity-working.
64. Know your Localities communication microphone tower working.
65. Know your residence’s natural lighting & ventilation system for passive design.
66. Know your residence’s solar photovoltaic energy generation potential.
67. Know your City’s Historical Past.
68. Know your City’s Traditional specialties on crafts & industries.

Select a topic of your choice from the above list and work on it.
You can choose your own topic-after informing the same to the undersigned.
While working on the selected topics following points should be considered

 History
 Technological progress & state of art.
 Essential feature necessary for understanding for proper selection along with energy saving -sustainable
maintenance along with cost saving should be the prime objective.
 Standards- Indian & International along with consumer organization research finding should be
incorporated in presentation.
 Market Scenario – Price.
 Important resources – Future Possibilities & Limitations on Technology.
 References.

Search the information on the given topic with an open eye using Internet – Market search and interaction
with human resources having knowledge in required field.
Prepare script such that a video presentation worth 10 minute duration can be filmed.

Dr H S Goyal
 “Product Development Class Students dream on the following”

1. A House of your dreams.

Sketch the plan and outline for the house of your needs.
The house should be on an independent land.
You can take the help of your civil engineering friends in learning the basics on
sketching the plan & then if possible draw the plan & elevation of the ground floor of
your house.
Your home must get proper ventilation and natural light.
In the process compare your dream house with your friend’s house and discuss
how you are going to take care of the requirements of the individual family members.
Consider micro details at every stage.

In the housing industry many activities require sound knowledge of the Engineering
other than Architectural & Civil Engineering Expertise- Understanding of Human
Engineering based Engineering fundamentals become important in activities such as:

1. Design and deciding the specification of window grills and railings

2. Design and deciding the specification of door frames and doors
3. Selecting the hardware for fittings for doors and windows
4. Deciding the installation of illumination points, electrical fittings on the walls
keeping in mind the ease of use and cost effectiveness
5. Selecting the specification of material for flooring of different portions of the
house keeping in mind the slip & fall prevention ( safety) & ease of maintenance
for the user.

Brain storm and Decide on the following.

1. Grill Design
2. Gate Design
3. Floors
4. Bathroom Fittings
5. Doors and Windows
6. Railing
7. Staircase
8. Fittings for doors & windows
9. Arrangement for water & Rain water harvesting
10. Option for installing solar panels and wind mill for energy self sufficiency.

Dr H S Goyal
Develop the problem: Identify the possible alternative technological solutions -
Wok on the design along with the finer details:

1. A new device is desired for use at Allahabad railway station by individual passengers which allows them to
roll their own luggage from platform No, 1, 2 & 3 to platform 7, 8, 9 & 10 on smooth surface.
The cost of the device should be less than Rs. 100 per piece

2. During the summer months in typical conditions the hot climatic conditions demand a cooler environment.
Evaporative cooling based devices need to be used Study the Multi Purpose Hall complex and brain storm on
the alterations / methods to make the hall less dependent on external energy and more human friendly and
estimate the expenditure involved .

3 The toilets at MNNIT college building are to be improved. Identify the problems with the specific toilets
(mention the toilets room no.) -brainstorm the remedies and estimate the expenditure involved.

4 For use in the train by traveling passengers a new product “Surahi Safarwali “is to be provided. An
attachment to the existing Surahi (earthen pot) needs to be made which allows ease of handling and safety
from destabilization on a moving train. The cost of the Surahi with attachment should be Rs.15 per piece.
Work on the problem.

5 MNNIT homes 2000 plus students and the requirement of the furniture- if gets fulfilled through indigenous
resources - an enterprising businessman cum technocrat can give employment to the local youths along with
providing durable comfortable furniture.
Study the different type of furniture required in hostel and institute -the presently used design and
the improvements for durability and value for money. Work on problem for helping the entrepreneur.

6 MNNIT hostels spend lot of money in purchasing sweets. When one feels the conditions under which the
sweets for supply to MNNIT hostels get prepared by the sweet supplier - the idea of hygienic preparation in
a cost effective manner needs to be pursued. Work on the details of sweet requirement of different hostels
and based on the above, develop a business plan for enterprising youth.

7 At Allahabad railway station – the latrine (night soil) from standing bogies discharge directly on the track.
The workers wash the track using precious water. And the huge water waste, if recycled - with the
possibility of generating Bio gas in turn -future will also save previous water. Work on the problem.
The Bio gas unit for installation in the MNNIT hostel needs to be technologically evaluated --
Identify the technological choices

8 Bi- Cycle provides livelihood to thousands of village youth residing on the outskirts of Allahabad district.
Every morning they bring vegetable loaded on the handle and the carrier of their vehicle to the city.
The ladies bicycle does not have front rod hence remains easier to get down. The present bicycle being used
by the hardworking youth needs to be provided with the advantages of a ladies bicycle and the strength of
their existing machine with cost remaining unchanged (Rs 1500). Work on the problem.

9 The split type Air conditioners being used at different locations of MNNIT are Electricity burning machines.
An effort to reduce the running cost demands change in technology of split Air conditions where same
cooling effects gets generated with less consumption of energy. Water cooled condensers provide the hope.
Work on the problem.

Visit the Magha Mela ground, Feel the following problems and work:

10 The make shift Pantoon Bridge across Ganga River made of Mild steel sheets –rolled & welded needs to be
improved. What improvements-incorporating technological advancements can be thought
(Weight saving - for easy handling, cost saving and alternate use throughout the year).

11. Can there be an alternate to the traditional Mild steel checkered plates being used to make temporary
path ways for vehicles on the sand such that the (i) The surface becomes smooth (ii) Light weight
allows ease of transportation and maintenance and (iii) The pilgrims walking bare foot on the plates
becomes safe.
12. A new design of tricycle for carrying goods and passengers- which can move on a single checkered plate
having width less than 3ft.
 HSGoyal

Students of PDD

visit the following websites:

And sketch the plan view of a house of your dreams.

Dr H S Goyal

http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/152500

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