1.3.2   FRAGMENTS-­‐  POINTING   WORDS  PART  II  &  III  

  -­‐  To  learn  how  to  use  pointing  words  
Learning Objectives -­‐  To  be  able  to  find  the  invisible  ‘is’  when  using  pointing  words  
  -­‐  To  be  able  to  tell  the  difference  between  fragments  and  sentences  
   

 
Lesson Review
 
Now  that  we  have  a  firm  grasp  of  pointing  words,  we  will  now  learn  how  to  properly  use  them.  
When  using  pointing  words,  it  is  important  to  keep  the  word  right  after  in  mind.  Doing  so  will  
indicate  whether  we  have  a  fragment  or  a  sentence.  
 
Consider  the  following:  
A. This  pen  
B. This  is  a  pen.  

The  difference  between  ‘This  pen’  and  ‘This  is  a  pen’  is  that  ‘This  pen’  is  a  fragment  while  ‘This  
is  a  pen’  is  a  sentence.  ‘This  pen’  isn’t  a  sentence  because  it  isn’t  a  complete  thought.  ‘This  is  a  
pen’  is  a  sentence  because  it  is  a  complete  thought.  Without  the  word  ‘is’  in  the  sentence,  we  
wouldn’t  be  able  to  recognize  this  as  a  sentence.  
However,  there  is  no  word  for  ‘is’  in  Arabic.  When  studying  Arabic,  it  is  our  job  to  find  the  
invisible  ‘is’  ourselves.    This  is  similar  to  our  study  of  ‫ﺿﺎﻓَﺔ‬
َ ِ‫ ﺇإ‬ (recall  Unit  1.6.1),  where  we  had  to  
find  and  recognize  the  invisible  ‘of’  between  the  ‫ﻀﺎﻑف‬ َ ‫ ُﻣ‬ and  the  ‫ﻀﺎﻑف ﺇإِﻟَﻴﯿْﻪﮫ‬
َ ‫ ُﻣ‬.  Additionally,  we  also  
must  figure  out  what  version  of  ‘is’  makes  the  most  sense  through  context  (for  example:  ‘are’).    
 
Let’s  look  at  the  same  examples  in  Arabic:  
A. ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬﺍا ﺍا ْﻟﻘَﻠَ ُﻢ‬ (This  pen)  
B. ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬﺍا ﻗَﻠَ ٌﻢ‬ (This  is  a  pen.)  

Notice  ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬﺍا ﺍا ْﻟﻘَﻠَ ُﻢ‬ is  a  fragment  while  ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬﺍا ﻗَﻠَ ٌﻢ‬ is  a  sentence.  These  examples  give  rise  to  the  following  
important  rule:  

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If  the  word  right  after  the  pointing  word  has  an   ,  it  will  be  a  fragment.  If  the  word  right  after  
the  pointing  word  does  not  have  an   ,  it  will  be  a  sentence.  Note  that  this  also  means  if  there  
is  no  ‫ ﺍاﻝل‬ after  the  pointing  word,  there  will  be  an  invisible  ‘is.’  
 
Now  that  we  understand  the  difference  between  fragments  and  sentences,  let’s  do  some  
practice.  For  the  following,  provide  whether  it  is  a  fragment  or  sentence,  and  then  translate:  

1. ُ‫ﻚ ْﺍاﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎﺏب‬

َ ِ‫ َﺫذﻟ‬ 
ٌ ‫ﻚ ﺑِ ْﻨ‬
2. ‫ﺖ‬ َ ‫ ﺗِ ْﻠ‬ 
ٌ ْ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ ِﺬ ِﻩه ﺑُﻴﯿُﻮ‬ 
3. ‫ﺕت‬
4. َ‫ﻙك ْﺍاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨُﻮْ ﻥن‬
َ ‫ﻭوﻵ ِء‬ َ ُ‫ ﺃأ‬ 
5. َ‫ﺳﻮْ ﻥن‬ُ ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ ُﺆ َﻵ ِء ﻫﮬﮪھُ ُﻢ ْﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ‬ 
6. ‫ﺎﻥن‬ ِ ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬ‬ (‫ﺎﻥن‬
ِ ‫ﺍاﻥن َﺧﺼْ َﻤ‬ ِ ‫ ﺧَﺼْ َﻤ‬ means  two  opponents)  
7. ِ‫ﺎﺕت ﷲ‬ ُ َ‫ﻚ ﺁآﻳﯾ‬ َ ‫ ﺗِ ْﻠ‬ 
8. ُ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ ِﺬ ِﻩه ْﺍاﻟﻘَﺮْ ﻳﯾَﺔ‬ (ُ‫ ﺍا ْﻟﻘَﺮْ ﻳﯾَﺔ‬ means  village)  
َ ‫ ﺗِ ْﻠ‬ (‫ ﺍاَﻟ ﱠﺪﺍا ُﺭر‬ means  house)  
9. ‫ﻚ ﺍاﻟ ﱠﺪﺍا ُﺭر‬
ِ َ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬﺍا ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻤ ِﻞ ﺍاﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﯿﻄ‬ (‫ َﻋ َﻤ ِﻞ‬ means  work)  
10. ‫ﺎﻥن‬

 
Answers:  

1. ُ‫ﻚ ْﺍاﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎﺏب‬

َ ِ‫ َﺫذﻟ‬ 
a. Fragment  
b. Meaning:  That  book  
i. Note  the  ‫ ﺍاﻝل‬ right  after  the  pointing  word  
َ ‫ ﺗِ ْﻠ‬ 
ٌ ‫ﻚ ﺑِ ْﻨ‬
2. ‫ﺖ‬
a. Sentence  
b. Meaning:  That  is  a  girl.  
ٌ ‫ ﺑِ ْﻨ‬ means  girl,  which  is  feminine  &  singular.  We  therefore  use  a  
i. Note  that  ‫ﺖ‬
pointing  word  that  is  feminine  &  singular:  ‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠ‬.  
ٌ ْ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ ِﺬ ِﻩه ﺑُﻴﯿُﻮ‬ 
3. ‫ﺕت‬
a. Sentence  
b. Meaning:  These  are  houses.  
i. Note  that  ‫ُﻮﺕت‬ٌ ‫ ﺑُﻴﯿ‬ is  a  non-­‐human  broken  plural,  so  it  is  considered  to  be  
feminine  &  singular.  Thus,  we  use  the  feminine  &  singular  pointing  word:  
‫ﻫﮬﮪھَ ِﺬ ِﻩه‬.  
4. َ‫ﻙك ْﺍاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨُﻮْ ﻥن‬ َ ُ‫ ﺃأ‬ 
َ ‫ﻭوﻵ ِء‬

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a. Fragment  
b. Meaning:  Those  believers  
i. Note  the  ‫ ﺍاﻝل‬ right  after  the  pointing  word  
5. َ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَﺆ َُﻵ ِء ﻫﮬﮪھُ ُﻢ ْﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥن‬ 
a. Sentence  
b. Meaning:  These  are  the  teachers.    
i. Notice  that  there  is  an  ‫ﺍاﻝل‬,  but  it  isn’t  right  after  the  pointing  word  so  this  
will  be  a  complete  sentence.  
ِ ‫ﺍاﻥن َﺧﺼْ َﻤ‬
6. ‫ﺎﻥن‬ ِ ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬ‬ (‫ﺎﻥن‬ِ ‫ ﺧَﺼْ َﻤ‬ means  two  opponents)  
a. Sentence  
b. Meaning:  These  are  two  opponents.  
i. Notice  that  ‫ﺎﻥن‬ ِ ‫ ﺧَﺼْ َﻤ‬ is  in  the  dual  form,  and  thus  the  pointing  word  is  also  
in  the  dual  form.  
7. ِ‫ﺎﺕت ﷲ‬ ُ َ‫ﻚ ﺁآﻳﯾ‬ َ ‫ ﺗِ ْﻠ‬ 
a. Sentence  
b. Meaning:  Those  are  the  signs  of  Allah.  
i. Note  that  because  the  word  ِ‫ ﷲ‬ is  proper,  ‫ﺎﺕت‬ ُ َ‫ ﺁآﻳﯾ‬ will  also  be  proper.  But  this  
is  still  a  sentence  because  ‫ﺎﺕت‬ ُ َ‫ ﺁآﻳﯾ‬ does  not  have  an  ‫ ﺍاﻝل‬ and  thus  there  is  no  ‫ ﺍاﻝل‬ 
after  ‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠ‬.  Remember,  it  isn’t  about  the  word  after  the  pointing  word  being  
proper  or  not,  it’s  about  the  word  after  the  pointing  word  having  an  ‫ ﺍاﻝل‬ or  
not.  
8. ُ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ ِﺬ ِﻩه ْﺍاﻟﻘَﺮْ ﻳﯾَﺔ‬ (ُ‫ ﺍا ْﻟﻘَﺮْ ﻳﯾَﺔ‬ means  village)  
a. Fragment  
b. Meaning:  This  village  
َ ‫ ﺗِ ْﻠ‬ (‫ ﺍاَﻟ ﱠﺪﺍا ُﺭر‬ means  house)  
9. ‫ﻚ ﺍاﻟ ﱠﺪﺍا ُﺭر‬
a. Fragment  
b. Meaning:  That  house  
i. Remember:  ‫ ﺍاَﻟ ﱠﺪﺍا ُﺭر‬ is  a  feminine  word  because  the  Arabs  said  so,  so  we’ll  
use  a  feminine  pointing  word:  ‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠ‬.  
ِ َ‫ ﻫﮬﮪھَ َﺬﺍا ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻤ ِﻞ ﺍاﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﯿﻄ‬ (‫ َﻋ َﻤ ِﻞ‬ means  work)  
10. ‫ﺎﻥن‬
a. Sentence  
b. Meaning:  This  is  from  the  work  of  the  devil.

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