Chemical Engineering Department

School Year 2017 - 2018

ELECTRICITY GENERATION POWERED BY NATURAL GAS

VIA STEAM GENERATION

ChE Calculations 2 / 51044

11:00-12:00 MW (ST 309) / 2:00-5:00 Wednesdays (OZ 308)

Name Student Number Signature

1. SEPTIMO, Maria Andrea A. 201310508

2. STA. TERESA, Jabin M. 201320092

Engr. Anabella C. Vilando

Instructor
 Chemical Engineering Department
School Year 2017 - 2018

ELECTRICITY GENERATION POWERED BY NATURAL GAS

MATERIAL BALANCE:

50%x’s AIR 25℃, 760mmHg,70%RH

300℃,740mmHg

CO2
COMBUSTION
90%CH4 CO
CHAMBER
10%N2 70% efficiency
N2

O2

CO:H2=2:1

H2O

SOLVING:

BASIS: 100kmol of fuel

C Balance:

1C
90kmol CH4 ( 1CH 4)
= 90 kmol C

Assuming 70% efficiency

90kmolC(.70)= 63kmol CO2

90kmol C(0.30)= 27kmol CO

CO:H2=2:1

( 27 kmol
2 )=(
H2
1 )

H2= 13.5kmol

H
Theo O2= at C + at C + at – moles of O2 fuel
4

360
Theo O2= 90kmolC + kmol H
4

Theo O2= 180 kmol O2

Supplied O2= 180 kmol (1.50)=270kmol O2

 Chemical Engineering Department
School Year 2017 - 2018

Supplied N2= 270kmol O2 ( .70 N2

.21 O 2 )
= 1015.714286 kmol N2

Free O2= O2 Supplied- O2 used

1 O2 1O2 1O 2
=270kmol O2-[63kmol CO2 ( 1CO 2)
+27kmol CO (
2CO )
+166.5kmol H2O (
2H 2O)

Free O2= 110.25 kmol

Total N2= 1015.714286kmol + 10 kmol

Total N2= 1025.714286 kmol

360
H2O produced= kmol-13.5kmol
2

H2Oproduced= 166.5kmol

7258.2
−7.3037 ln ( 298.4 ) + 4.1653 x10−6 ( 298 ) 2) 760
Psat H2O= e (73.649− 298 ( 101325 )

Psat H2O= 23.57527mmHg

nH 2O PH 2O nH 2O 23.5753 ( .70 )
nDA
= ; =
PDA 270+1015.7142 760 mmHg−23.5753 mmHg

nH2Oair=28.53779kmol

Complete Analysis:

Component Moles kmol Percentage

CO2 63 4.39 %

CO 27 1.88 %

N2 1025.7143 71.503 %

O2 110.25 7.68559 %

H2 13.5 0.941093 %

H2O 195.03779 13.5962 %

Total 1434.50289 100 %

 Chemical Engineering Department
School Year 2017 - 2018

ORSAT ANALYSIS:

Component Moles kmol Percentage %

CO2 63 5.08 %
CO 27 2.18 %
N2 1025.7143 82.75 %
O2 110.25 8.89 %
H2 13.5 1.089 %
Total 1239.4643 100 %

Energy Balance:

At Reactor:

ΔH (combustion )=ΔH ( reactant )− ΔH ( product )

Using data from Perry’s, 8th ed.

Component Standard enthalpy of Kilomoles in Stack gas Kilomoles in Fuel

combustion, J/kmol feed
*1E-09
CO2 0 63 0
CO -0.283 27 0
N2 0 1025.7143 10
O2 0 110.25 270
H2 -0.24182 13.5 0
CH4 -0.80262 0 90

ΔH ( combustion) =−0.80262∗10 9 ( 90 )−[−0.283∗109 ( 27 )−0.2482∗109 ( 13.5 ) ]

ΔH ( combustion ) =−6.133023∗10 10 Joules per hour

ΔH ( combustion ) =−17036.175 kilowatts

At compressor:
 Chemical Engineering Department
School Year 2017 - 2018

Input: W=20 kW Output:

V=10m/s V=3m/s

Mass flow rate=10.35714297 kg/s

ΔKE=Q−W

1
m v 2=Q−20 kW
2

10 m 2 3 m 2
1 kg
2(10.35714297
s )[( ) ( ) ]=Q−20 kW
s
−
s

Q=491.25 kW

Etotal=Ecompressor+Ereactor

Etotal=491.25 kW + 17036.175kW

Etotal=17527.425 kW

At Heat exchanger/Boiler:

Qin=17527.425 kW ε= 70% Qout=12269.1975 kW

Eproduced= Etotal(Efficiency)

Eproduced=17527.425 kW(.70)

Eproduced=12269.1975 kW

q=mCpdT +mLv

kJ 2256 kJ
12269.1975 kW =m 1.855 ( kg−K )
( 250−100 ) K + m(
kg−K
)

kg
m=4.84135
s

At Turbine:

P1= 1 Megapascal P2 = 0.1 Megapascal

 Chemical Engineering Department
School Year 2017 - 2018

A1=0.25m2 A2=0.5m2

kg m
ρ steam@1MPa= 0.415618 v 2=16.40551
m3 s

kg
ρ steam@0.1MPa= 0.590207
m3

m
v 1=46.594
s
W =4603.785 kW

Superheated steam in, saturated steam out

P1= 1 Megapascal, P2 = 0.1 Megapascal

A1=0.25m 2, A2=0.5m 2

kg
From Perry’s, ρ steam@1MPa= 0.415618
m3

kg
ρ steam@0.1MPa= 0.590207
m3

m=ρAv

ρ 1 A 1 v 1=ρ 2 A 2 v 2
2
kg 0.415618 kg ( .25 m )
4.84135 = (v)
s m3

m m
v 1=46.594 v 2=16.40551
s s

Assumptions: Adiabatic Turbine

ΔKE=−W

1
m ( v 22−v 12 )=−W
2

m 2 2
1 kg m
2 (
4.84135
s
16.40551
[(
s
− 46.594
s ) ( ) ])=−W
W =4603.785 kW

At Condenser:

TSteam in=101.32° C TCold Stream in=25 ° C

 Chemical Engineering Department
School Year 2017 - 2018

kg kg
FSteam in= FSteam out=4.84135 Fcs in= Fcs out= 5
s s

TCold Stream =TSteam out= 49.0743 ° C

kg
Cold water stream Fcs= 5
s

kg
Steam Stream FSteam=4.84135
s

Q∈¿−Q absorbed

kg kJ kg kJ
4.8414
s(2.04274
kg− K )
(Tf −373.15 K )−5
s
4.187 (
kg−k )
( Tf −( 298.15 K ) )=0

Tf =322.22 K∨49.0743° C

Process Flowchart

Turbine
Compressor

Boiler Condenser