SKAA3233 1

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER II, SESSION 2018/2019
COURSE CODE : SKAA3233

COURSE : DESIGN OF STEEL AND TIMBER STRUCTURES

PROGRAMME : SKAW

DURATION : 3 HOURS

DATE : MAY 2019

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
1. ANSWER Q1 AND ANY THREE OTHER QUESTIONS ONLY.
2. ALL ANSWERS SHOULD BE BASED ON BS EN 1993 (EC 3) AND MS 544.

WARNING!
Students caught copying/cheating during the examination will be liable for disciplinary
actions and the faculty may recommend the student to be expelled from the study.

This examination question consists of ( 8 ) printed pages only.

 SKAA3233 2

Q1. (a) Explain briefly what is the meaning of λLT based on this expression.

(5 marks)

(b) (i) Differentiate between the buckling resistance, Ny,b,Rd and My,b,Rd , of a
column
(2 marks)
(ii) The axial buckling resistance of a column is given by:
Nb,Rd = χAfy/γM1.
Explain the factors affecting the value of the reduction factor, χ .
(3 marks)

(c) Explain the necessary steps for the analysis and design of top chord members
of a plane truss when the purlins are not located the nodes.
(5 marks)

(d) (i) For the direct single shear bolted connection as shown in Figure Q1,
sketch 3 possible failures that can occur to the connection.

NEd

FIGURE Q1
(3 marks)
(ii) Explain briefly the block tearing failure of a bolted connection.
(2 marks)

(e) Explain briefly how the moisture content in timber affects the strength and
selection of the design approach.
(5 marks)
(25 marks)
 SKAA3233 3

Q2. Figure Q2 shows an unrestrained beam ABC with lateral restraints at points A, B
and C only. The beam carries unfactored uniform dead and imposed loads of 10
kN/m and 20 kN/m respectively. Also, the beam carries unfactored point dead and
imposed loads of 150 kN and 250 kN at point B respectively.

The beam size is 457 x 191 x 98 UKB in Grade S355. The beam self-weight can be
neglected.

Based on the given information:

(i) Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams.

(6 marks)
(ii) Check the shear resistance of the beam.
(5 marks)

(iii) Check the lateral torsional buckling resistance of the beam at the
critical segment only.
(11 marks)
(iv) Check the beam deflection at point B.
(3 marks)
(25 marks)

Gk = 150 kN
Qk = 250 kN
Gk = 10 kN/m
Qk = 20 kN/m

A C
B

5m 3m

FIGURE Q2
 SKAA3233 4

Q3. A 4.0 m length, 305 x 305 x 97 UKC, Standard EN 10025-2 Grade S275 column is
used at location A/2 for the ground level of a building with the plan view on top of the
column as shown in Figure Q3. The following assumptions may be made:

• The column is continuous and forms part of a structure of simple construction.

• The column is nominally pinned at the base.
• Beams are connected to the column flange by double angle web cleat.

The total design compression actions carried by the column directly on top of the
column centroid is 477 kN and the reactions at the top of column A/2 of this
particular level is given to be:

• Reaction from beam A/1-2 = 47 kN

• Reaction from beam A/2-3 = 47 kN
• Reaction from beam 2/A-C = 217 kN

Check whether the column is adequate to withstand the actions subjected to it.
(25 marks)

(1) (2) (3)

(A)
)

6m

(B)
)
2m

(C)
4m 4m

FIGURE Q3
 SKAA3233 5

Q4. A steel truss restrained out-of-plane is to be constructed to carry an applied load as

shown in Figure Q4. A pinned end supports is assumed at the base. The support
reactions are also shown in the figure. Based on the information given:

(a) Calculate the internal forces of member AB and DE

(6 marks)

(b) Check whether the member AB and DE are adequate to carry the applied
loading if a double angles of size 2/100x75x12 (Grade S275) are used for
member AB and DE. At the end connections, the longer leg of the double
angles are interconnected back to back and connected to both side of a gusset
plate using 2 bolts of M16 8.8. (Assume that the buckling about the v-v axis is
not critical)
(16 marks)

(c) Sketch the connection at point B, if members BE and BD are single angles.
(3 marks)
(25 marks)

50kN

C
100kN

2m

B D
50kN

2m

A E
125kN 25kN

166.67kN 116.67kN
3m

FIGURE Q4
 SKAA3233 6

Q5. (a) Figure Q5(a) and Q5(b) show a C-channel section (Grade S275) welded to a
plate and is subjected to a tensile force, NEd = 200 kN. If 6 mm fillet weld is
used for the connection, determine the required length, L1 and L2 that can
safely resisting the force.
(10 marks)

(b) A weight of 100 kN is supported by a bracket which is bolted to a column as

shown in Figure Q5(c). The bracket is bolted by 4 M20 grade 8.8 bolts.
Determine whether the bracket connection capable to support the intended
load.
All steel are of grade S275. Use M0 and M1 = 1.00; M2 = 1.25.
(15 marks)
(25 marks)

L1

75 mm NEd

FIGURE Q5(a)

L2

75 mm NEd

FIGURE Q5(b)
 SKAA3233 7

203 x 203 x 46 UKC 203 x 203 x 46 UKC

200 150 100

60

3@100

60
Thickness of
plate 15 mm
100 kN

(Dimension in mm)

FIGURE Q5(c)

Q6. (a) Figure Q6 shows the layout of a timber building. The joists of the floor are
placed at 600 mm apart with a span of 3.5 m. If the structure is subjected to
long term load, design the joist by using the effective size of 145 mm × 65
mm.

Characteristic permanent action = 1.0 kN/m2

Characteristic variable action = 2.0 kN/m2
Use wet timber of Group B Grade Standard.
(15 marks)

(b) A 2.7 m timber column is pinned at both ends. The effective column section is
140 mm × 140 mm of wet timber Group C Grade Common. Calculate the
medium term axial compression resistance of the timber column.
(10 marks)
(25 marks)
 SKAA3233 8

FIGURE Q6