ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND

UC
HISTORICAL SITES SP

DJHOANA I. DE LUNA
Cavite National Science High School

11
 TO THE LEARNERS

Here are some reminders as you use this module:

 Use the module with care especially in turning each page.
 Be reminded to answer the Pre-Test before moving on to the
Learning Module.
 Read and comprehend the directions in every exercises.
 Observe honesty in answering the tests and exercises.
 Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of this
material.
 Try to finish a given activity before proceeding to the next.
 11
Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Archaeological and Historical Sites

DJHOANA ICARO DE LUNA

Copyright 2019

1
 WHAT IS THIS MODULE ALL ABOUT?

This module serves as a learning resource material in understanding the

target competency expected in the curriculum.

TOPIC
Human Bio cultural and Social Evolution

CONTENT STANDARD
Processes of cultural and socio-political evolution

LEARNING COMPETENCY

UCSP11/12HBSIF-14

Recognize national, local, and specialized museums, and archaeological and

historical sites as venues to appreciate and reflect on the complexities of bio-
cultural and social evolution as part of being and becoming human.

The presented activities or exercises and texts are developed

in order to meet the following objectives:

1. Identify archaeological sites from the Philippines.

2. Trace the artefacts found in the archaeological sites from the Philippines.

3. Appreciate the importance of archaeological sites and artifacts.

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 PRE-TEST

Read the following items carefully. Write the

letter of your answer.

1. The Manunggul Jar was only one of several stunning artifacts

discovered in Chamber A. Manunggul Cave Point by a group of
archaeologists who investigated the site from 1962 to 1965.
What is the archaeological site of Manunggul Jar?

A. Batangas C. Laguna
B. Cagayan D. Palawan
2. What do you call the foot bone discovered in the town of
Peñablanca, Cagayan?

A. Callao Man C. Peking Man

B. Java Man D. Tabon Man

3. The province of Laguna is considered as one of the

archaeological sites in the Philippines. What artifact was
discovered in this place?

A. CCI C. FCI
B. DCI D. LCI

4. The Angono Petroglyphs is the oldest known work of art in the

Philippines. Where can we locate this archaeological site?

A. Batangas C. Rizal
B. Cavite D. Quezon
5. As a student, which of the following is the best thing to do with
our archaeological sites and artifacts?

A. Visit the places even they are dangerous

B. Promote in social media that they are unreal
C. Prepare a poster for them and sell at a low-cost

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 D. Share and be proud about the artifacts and the sites

6. The formidable Bolinao skull is only one of 67 skulls recovered

from the Balingasay Archaeological Site in Bolinao, Pangasinan.
In what dynasty they were found?
A. Chou C. Ching
B. Ming D. Chin

7. In addition to burial jars, archaeologists also recovered human

remains covered in red paint and adorned with bracelets made of
jade, shells, and stone beads. In what place they were
discovered?
A. Batangas C. Laguna
B. Cagayan D. Palawan

8. The Manungggul jar is actually a secondary burial jar. What do

you mean by a secondary burial jar?

A. used to store the bones of someone who was once a king

B. used to store the bones of someone who was buried alive
C. used to store the bones of someone who was once a queen
D. used to store the bones of someone who was previously buried

9. The gold death mask of Oton was discovered in the 1960s by

Alfredo Evangelista and F. Landa Jocano. It consists of a gold
nose-disc and eye-mask, both of which were found in what
specific place?

A. San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo C. Lumbang River, Laguna

B. Angono, Rizal D. Callao Cave, Pangasinan

10. Which group of people brought the practice of using a gold mask
to cover the face of the dead Filipinos?
A. Arabs C. Hindus
B. Chinese D. Malays

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LET’S SEE WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW

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 A. FINDING SITES. Using the word puzzle below find five of the
most important archaeological sites from our country and
answers the questions on the next page.

N A W A L A P A L A U Q
A W A N A G I N A B L U
Y N I S A G N A P A T E
A N U G A L A B Z C A Z
G P A N G A S I N A N O
A I L O I L R L O O K Y
C L O S E I T I V A C I
B A G O N G P O O R R P
D A V A R D E L R U S S

The five archaeological sites are:

1. P __ __ A __ A __
2. __ I __ A __
3. P __ N G __ __ __ __ A N
4. __ ___ G A ___ ___ N
5. L __ G U __ A

Guide Questions:

1. What archaeological sites are you familiar with?

2. Why do you think they are considered archaeological sites?

3. Based from the activity, what are the archaeological sites

that you wish to visit? Why?

4. How will you show your appreciation to different

Archaeological sites?

LET’S LEARN

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 HISTORICAL GALLERY WALK

You will be having a gallery walk in the Philippine National

Museum. Inside the historical gallery, focus on the different
archaeological sites.

PROVINCE OF RIZAL

In the province of Angono, Rizal the Angono Petroglyphs was

discovered. It is the oldest known work of art in the Philippines.

There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall
probably carved during the late Neolithic, or before 2000BC.

These inscriptions clearly show stylized human figures, frogs and

lizards, along with other designs that may have depicted other
interesting figures but erosion may have caused it to become
indistinguishable. The engravings are mostly symbolic representations
and are associated with healing and sympathetic magic. The site is
sacred for Indiginous Tagalog Folk religion and is believed to be home
for anitos.

THE CALLAO CAVE, PANGASINAN

In 2007, a group of archaeologists led by Dr. Armand Mijares of U.P.

Diliman discovered a foot bone in Callao Cave in the town
of Peñablanca, Cagayan. The said skeletal remain–specifically the
third metatarsal of the foot–is said to be “the earliest human fossil
found in the Asia-Pacific region.”
The foot bone discovered in Callao Cave was a mere 61 millimeters or
2.4 inches. Photo courtesy of Dr. Armand Mijares.
Based on a method called “uranium-series dating,” it was also
revealed that the foot bone is approximately 67, 000 years old,
predating the “Tabon Man”–long been thought to be the country’s
earliest human remains–which is only 50,000 years

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LUMBANG RIVER, LAGUNA

In 1986 near the mouth of Lumbang River, the Laguna Copper Plate
Inscription or LCI was accidentally discovered.

LCI is the earliest historical document in the country and also the only
pre-Spanish document discovered so far. Now a National Cultural
Treasure, the LCI measures 7 x 12 inches when unrolled.

MANUNGGUL CAVE, LIPUUN, PALAWAN

Several stunning artifacts were discovered in Chamber A, Manunggul

Cave in Lipuun Point, Palawan by a group of archaeologists who
investigated the site from 1962 to 1965. The Manunggul Jar is one of
them.

In addition to burial jars, they also recovered human remains covered

in red paint and adorned with bracelets made of jade, shells, and
stone beads
Measuring 66.5 x 51.5 cm, the Manungggul jar is actually a secondary
burial jar used to store the bones of someone who was previously
buried. The lid features a “spirit boat” or “ship of the dead” carrying
two souls on a journey to the afterlife.

THE BALINGASAY, BOLINAO, PANGASINAN

The formidable Bolinao skull is only one of 67 skulls recovered from
the Balingasay Archaeological Site in Bolinao, Pangasinan. They were
found along with several Early Ming dynasty (1368-1644) ceramics.
The skulls have teeth that are decorated with gold ornaments, a
symbolic wealth and bravery during the prehistoric era.
The Bolinao Skull stands out because gold scales were observed: “ on
the buccal surfaces of the upper and lower incisors and canines”. The
gold decorations have flat rounded tops that are placed in a bored hole
on the teeth. These gold ornaments overlap one another making them
look fish scales.

SAN ANTONIO, OTON, ILOILO

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The gold death mask of Oton, another National Culture Treasure, was
discovered in the 1960s by Alfredo Evangelista and F. Landa Jocano.
It consists of a gold nose-disc and eye-mask, both of which were found
in a grave site in San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo.
The gold mask-dated from the late 14 th to the early 15th centrury A.D.-
is the first of its kind recovered in the Philippines. It was part of an
ancient burial practice, with the gold mask serving as an amulet
against evil spirits.
The death mask was made by cutting out two pieces of thin gold
sheets. The pieces would then be placed on a soft surface, after which
the craftsman would use a pointed tool to press the intricated design
from behind. The practice of using a gold mask to cover the face of
the dead was brought to the Philippines by the southern CHINESE.
Around that time, Oton was a center of the trade route, so it didn’t
take long before a limited group of Filipinos started to adopt the
custom

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 LET’S TRY THIS AND SELF-CHECK

COMPLETE THE ANALOGY.

Directions. The analogies below consist of two word pairs. Look at the first
pair and decide how the two words are related to each other. Then write the
missing word of the second pair of words so it will have the same relationship

1. Manunggul Jar: Palawan; ____________ : Pangasinan

2. Angono Petroglyphics: Rizal; ____________ :Laguna

3. Callao Cave: Cagayan; ____________: Palawan

4. Foot bone: Callao Cave; Burial jar: ____________

5. Balingasay Archaeological Site: Pangasinan

Chamber A, Manunggul Cave in Lipuun Point:_____________

LET’S STUDY AND ANALYZE THESE

Answer the following questions briefly:

1. What are the collections you have seen from your

gallery walk?

2. What do you think is the most important collection?

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 3. What have you learned from your gallery walk?

4. What is the important role of the different

collections in our culture and history?

LET’S LEARN

Follow the instructions carefully.

1. Write the five archaeological sites on the box.

2. Write the artifacts found in the archaeological sites on the circle.

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 3. Express your appreciation of the archaeological sites on the star.

LET’S SEE WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

I REFLECT!
Show us your deep appreciation to the archaeological sites you had
visited by writing a short reflection note on the scroll provided. Example
beginning sentences are already provided.

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 I had visited
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
I appreciate so much the
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
I promise to
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

POST TEST

Read the following items carefully. Write the

letter of your answer.

1. The Manunggul Jar was only one of several stunning artifacts

discovered in Chamber A. Manunggul Cave Point by a group of
archaeologists who investigated the site from 1962 to 1965. What
is the archaeological site of Manunggul Jar?

A. Batangas C. Laguna

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 B. Cagayan D. Palawan
2. What do you call the foot bone discovered in the town of
Peñablanca, Cagayan?

A. Callao Man C. Peking Man

C. Java Man D. Tabon Man

3. The province of Laguna is considered as one of the

archaeological sites in the Philippines. What artifact was
discovered in this place?

A. CCI C. FCI
B. DCI D. LCI

4. The Angono Petroglyphs is the oldest known work of art in the

Philippines. Where can we locate this archaeological site?

A. Batangas C. Rizal
B. Cavite D. Quezon

5. As a student, which of the following is the best thing to do with

our archaeological sites and artifacts?

A. Visit the places even they are dangerous

B. Promote in social media that they are unreal
C. Prepare a poster for them and sell at a low-cost
D. Share and be proud about the artifacts and the sites

6. The formidable Bolinao skull is only one of 67 skulls recovered

from the Balingasay Archaeological Site in Bolinao, Pangasinan.
In what dynasty they were found?
A. Chou C. Ching
B. Ming D. Chin

14
 7. In addition to burial jars, archaeologists also recovered human
remains covered in red paint and adorned with bracelets made of
jade, shells, and stone beads. In what place they were
discovered?
A. Batangas C. Laguna
B. Cagayan D. Palawan

8. The Manungggul jar is actually a secondary burial jar. What do

you mean by a secondary burial jar?

A. used to store the bones of someone who was once a king

B. used to store the bones of someone who was buried alive
C. used to store the bones of someone who was once a queen
D. used to store the bones of someone who was previously buried

9. The gold death mask of Oton was discovered in the 1960s by

Alfredo Evangelista and F. Landa Jocano. It consists of a gold
nose-disc and eye-mask, both of which were found in what
specific place?

A. Angono, Rizal C. Lumbang River, Laguna

B. San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo D. Callao Cave, Pangasinan

10. Which group of people brought the practice of using a gold mask
to cover the face of the dead Filipinos?
C. Arabs C. Hindus
D. Chinese D. Malays

LET’S REMEMBER

PROVINCE OF RIZAL
In the province of Angono, Rizal the Angono Petroglyphs was
discovered. It is the oldest known work of art in the Philippines.

THE CALLAO CAVE, PANGASINAN

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In 2007, a group of archaeologists led by Dr. Armand Mijares of U.P.
Diliman discovered a foot bone in Callao Cave in the town
of Peñablanca, Cagayan. The said skeletal remain–specifically the
third metatarsal of the foot–is said to be “the earliest human fossil
found in the Asia-Pacific region.”
LUMBANG RIVER, LAGUNA

In 1986 near the mouth of Lumbang River, the Laguna Copper Plate
Inscription or LCI was accidentally discovered.

MANUNGGUL CAVE, LIPUUN, PALAWAN

Several stunning artifacts were discovered in Chamber A, Manunggul

Cave in Lipuun Point, Palawan by a group of archaeologists who
investigated the site from 1962 to 1965. The Manunggul Jar is one of
them.

THE BALINGASAY, BOLINAO, PANGASINAN

The formidable Bolinao skull is only one of 67 skulls recovered from
the Balingasay Archaeological Site in Bolinao, Pangasinan. They were
found along with several Early Ming dynasty (1368-1644) ceramics.
.SAN ANTONIO, OTON, ILOILO
The gold death mask of Oton, another National Culture Treasure, was
discovered in the 1960s by Alfredo Evangelista and F. Landa Jocano.
It consists of a gold nose-disc and eye-mask, both of which were found
in a grave site in San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo

REFERENCES

Understanding Culture Society and Politics for Senior High School by

Ederlina D. Balena et. al pp.8-14

Nuncio, Rhoderick, et. al (2016), Praxis: Understanding Society, Culture

and Politics, pp. 1-7

Balena, Ederlina, et. al (2016), Understanding Culture, Society and Politics,

pp. 5-7

Bernardo, Jr. Juanito Philip V. (2016), Understanding Culture, Society and

Politics, pp. 93-107

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 This module maybe adopted, modified and
reproduced for educational purposes with appropriate
credit to the author.
For inquiries, feedback and suggestions, please
contact the author through the Division Learning
resource Supervisor at Tel. No. _________________ and/or
email address ________________ @deped.gov.ph

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