Science Technology Ranking in Phil - 2nd Sem 2020 - LER

Learning Outcomes 1.
trace the development of S&T in the Philippines from “ancient”

times to the 21st century, culminating in the establishment of the
Department of Science and Technology
At the end of this
module, the 2. describe the interrelationship between science and technology,
students are and the technology innovation process
expected to : 3. defend their analysis on the achievement of the national S&T
goals of the country using supporting literature
4. collaborate on creating ideation on innovation for social impact
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 1

MSU-GSC
Lesson Outline
1. Development of S&T in the Philippines
a. Stone Age
b. Iron Age
c. Chalcolithic Age
d. 10th century AD to Before Spaniards came
e. Spanish Regime
f. American Period
g. Birth of DOST
2. Science and Technology and the Innovation Process
a. Science, Technology defined
b. Technology Innovation Process
c. How Science Contributes to Technology
3. Global Competitiveness Ranking 2019
4. National S&T Agenda
MSU-GSC
Useful References
1 . B r o o k e s , H . 1 9 9 4 . T h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y. . R e s e a r c h P o l i c y 2 3 ( 5 ) : 4 7 7 - 4 8 6 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01001-3
2. Cororaton, C.B. 2003. Research and Development and Technology in the Philippines. Makati, Philippines: Philippine Institute for
Development Studies. Available at https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/ PUBLICATIONS/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf
3. Caoili, O. undated. History of Science and Technology in the Philippines. Available at https://tuxdoc.com/ download/history-of-science-
and-technology-in-the-philippines_pdf#download-require
4. Dizon, Eusebio Zamora, di"An Iron Age in the Philippines? A critical examination" (1988). Dissertations available from ProQuest.
AAI8816166. https://repository.upenn.edu/ssertations/AAI8816166
5. [DOST] Department of Science and Technology website www.dost.gov.ph
6. National Museum website www.nationalmuseum.gov
7. Schwab, K. 2019. Global Competitiveness Report 2019 . Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum. Available at
www.weforum.org/gcr.

MSU-GSC
1. DEVELOPMENT
OF S&T IN THE
PHILIPPINES
MSU-GSC
Early inhabitants of the Philippine Islands
There were indications that people in the Philippine

islands were relatively self-sufficient and had established
autonomous communities long before the Spaniards
arrived. The early Filipinos had attained a generally
simple level of technological development, compared
with those of the Chinese and Japanese, but this was
sufficient for their needs during that period of time.
https://tuxdoc.com/download/history-of-science-and-technology-in-the-philippines_pdf
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 5

Science Dept, MSU-GSC
S&T in the Philippines: A Glimpse
Archaeological 50000 YA 10-15 AD – trade and
findings Stone age inhabitants in business with China,
revealed major areas made tools, Borneo
existence of weapons and later,
scattered ornaments and pottery
communities (2 to 10 AD)
even before Spanish colonization era
the Spaniards Led to Modern S&T, “uneven technological
came governance, education developments” – artillery,
(UST)…. farming, houses, system of
Science Act of writing and weighing
Read more at : https://tuxdoc.com/download/history-of-science-and-technology-in-the-philippines_pdf
1958…leading to
birth of DOST
MSU-GSC
1a. STONE AGE
Earliest people in the Philippines reported by
• Philippine islands probably formed Detroit et al. 2019 probably belonged to the
70MYA hominin species Homo luzonensis , about
67000yo. Watch the video in this link
• Earliest people in the Philippines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJtjKwV.GBzs!
~750,000 YA (Pleistocene Epoch)
• stone tools and fossils of large migrating
animals such as elephants, stegodons,
rhinoceros, and giant turtles found in
Palawan and Cagayan Valley.
• Humans led a mobile existence, hunting
and gathering, living in caves, and using
fire and stone tools.
THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN E. RALLOS, SCIENCE

DEPT, MSU-GSC 7
STONE AGE IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later methods of sawing
and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C. were found.
• By around 3,000 B.C. stone age people were producing adzes

ornaments of seashells and pottery. Pottery flourished for the next
2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain. Soon they learned
to produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments.
• As early as Neolithic age, inhabitants were trading with other societies.

Stone Age Tools found in the Philippines
Stone adze, 0.9MYO

(Paleolithic )
Stone adzes found in Arku Cave, in
Penablanca, Cagayan; Duyung Cave in
Palawan; Dimolit, Isabela; and Candaba,
Pampanga
The oldest known ornaments made
from cone shells were found in the early
1960’s in the grave of an adult male in
Duyong Cave in Palawan. A shell disk
with a hole in the center was found next
Flake tool to his right ear and a disk with a hole by
(Paleolithic ) the edge was found on his chest. The
shell ornaments were dated 4854 B.C.
Recovered from the Espinosa Ranch
Site, Cagayan www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph
16000-8000 BC

MSU-GSC
Flaked
artifacts
from Tabon,
Duyong
and Guri
caves
THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN E. RALLOS,
10
SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC
Petroglyphs
The earliest prehistoric rock drawings studied extensively

were those found at the boundary of Angono and
Binangonan, Rizal Province. The site is a rock shelter or
a shallow cave about 63 meters wide, 8 meters deep and
5 meters at its highest point. One hundred twenty seven
human figures scattered on the wall were made by
engraving lines using a piece of stone on the surface of
the rock shelter. The cuts vary from ten centimeters down
to faint lines figures. The figures consist of circular heads,
with or without necks set on a rectangular or v-shaped
body. The linear arms and legs are usually flexed. Some
incisions on the rock wall are triangles, rectangles and
circles. Rock art is closely linked with a system of belief of
a particular group of people. It is symbolic, not decorative.
www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph

MSU-GSC
Bark Cloth Beater
Arku Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan

1255-605 BC

MSU-GSC
1b. Iron Age
• According to Dizon (1988), probably between ca. 500-200 B.C.
• iron supplied by Chinese traders in exchange for forest products,
gold, salt, beads, etc. and that local blacksmiths processed iron
for agriculture and household implements. Surpluses were
traded to other groups, promoting the continuous diffusion of
iron.
• No standardized manufacturing, small scale
• No real iron age, only iron-utilizing societies beginning ca. 370
B.C
Dizon, Eusebio Zamora, "An Iron Age in the Philippines? A critical examination" (1988). Dissertations available from ProQuest. AAI8816166.
https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816166
MSU-GSC
1c. Chalcolithic Age/Metal Age
500 BC-AD 1000
“In the northern Philippines a suggestion of what could be the oldest sign of metal in this country
appeared in the Musang Cave in Cagayan.This was a brass needle tenuously dated about 2000
B.C. In Palawan bronze tools, glass beads and bracelets and gold beads were dug up in the
Duyong, Uyaw and Guri Caves. Duyong Cave is dated between 300 to 500 B.C. while Guri
between 100 to 200 years B.C. Uyaw Cave contained jar burials with bronze adzes and spears,
and was as old as the Duyong Cave. By this time the use of metals is already widespread in the
old world and mainland of Asia. But its first appearance in these islands marked the beginning of
a new set of changes that again altered the lifeways of the people and made the pace of life much
faster than the previous ones.”
Read more about the metal age in the Philippines at https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-

arts/culture-profile/prehistory-of-the-philippines/the-appearance-of-metal/

MSU-GSC
Chalcolithic Age/Metal Age
• gold, bronze, brass and copper in the form of

ornamental beads, and tools like adzes and
spearheads
• bronze appeared only very briefly so that unlike other
places of the world, there is no period in this country
that can be said to be “Bronze Age
• nhabitants of the archipelago learned to weave cotton,
make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and
dike fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in
mountain regions.
• They also learned to build boats for trading purposes. Illustration of boats used for trading in
the metal age
• Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built warships
called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids.

MSU-GSC
Evidence of a metal age in Southern
Mindanao Read more from “Archaeological
Investigation of Sagel Cave
“The archaeological excavations [in Sagel Cave, at Maitum, Sarangani Province,
located within Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani Southern Mindanao, Philippines”. Pdf
Province] revealed a Metal Age (ca. 500 BC – 500 file can be downloaded from your
AD) non-anthropomorphic jar burial of an adult, course site in Google Classroom.
possibly male, associated with an iron knife and a
bead made from fossilised shell. This Sagel Cave jar
burial enhances the already rich prehistoric jar
burial tradition of Southern Mindanao and raises
further questions on the development of the jar
burial traditions of Island Southeast Asia and the
likely existence of complex Metal Age communities
in Southern Mindanao.
Cuevas and de Leon (undated) Hukay Volume 13, pp. 1-24 Opening of Sagel Cave, heavily guarded
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science 16
Dept, MSU-GSC
Iron knife found in Sagal Cave
Pendant made of fossilized shell ;found in Sagal
Cave
Cuevas and de Leon (undated) Hukay Volume 13, pp. 1-24

Watch this video to
learn about burial
jars of Maitum,
Sarangani , dated
5BC (metal age)
Or paste this link in a browser.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ib766
aOXf8s
THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN

18
E. RALLOS, SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC
1d. 10th Century AD to Spanish Times
• Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those
from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records containing
several references to the Philippines.
• These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between
the Philippines, China and Vietnam had been well established from the 10th
century to the 15th century A.D.
• The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls,
coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for
porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles
and tin.
• By this time, early Filipinos had a system of governance (‘balangay’ = gave
birth to barangay) and paganistic beliefs and practices
MSU-GSC
Before the Spaniards
• Filipinos were already engaged in activities and practices related to
science forming primitive or first wave technology. They were
knowledgeable on the curative values of some plants and how to extract
medicine from herbs. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a
method of counting and weights and measure. They had no calendar but
counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to
another.

MSU-GSC
1e. Spanish Regime
• The later part of the 16th century c

was marked by the establishment of
schools
(a) Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu- a

1595
(b)Colegio de San Ignacio-Manila-
1595
(c) Colegio De Nuestra Senora del
Rosario-Manila-1597
(d) Colegio De San Jose-Manila-
1601 d
b
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science 21
Dept, MSU-GSC
Spanish Regime
Development of Hospitals
• San Juan Lazaro Hospital the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578.
• 17th and 18th Century: successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on
the galleons led to declining profits from the trade that led to economic
depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th century.

Spanish Regime
The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del Pais de
Filipinas founded by Governador Jose Basco y Vargas in 1780
encouraged research in agriculture and industry.
The society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk

industry.
In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an era of

increase in export of rice, hemp, tobacco, sugar, and indigo, and
imports of manufacturing goods.

Spanish Regime
The 19th Century
In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system.
In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had
granted the degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates.
• Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila (1887) created by decree. Main functions :

to conduct biochemical analyses for public health
to undertake specimen examinations for clinical and medico-legal
cases.
• publication = Cronica de Ciencias Medicas de Filipinas showing scientific studies being
done during that time

Spanish Regime
• The licentiate degree equivalent to a Master’s degree was granted

Bachelor’s degree in pharmacy to its 1st six graduates who included
Leon Ma. Guerrero, considered as the father of Philippine Pharmacy
due to his works on Medicinal Plants of the Philippines.
• There were no schools for engineering but UST offered nautical four
year course for pilot of merchant marine that included the subjects:
Arithmetic , Algebra , Geometry, Trigonometry, Physics, Hydrography,
Meteorology, Navigation, Pilotage

Spanish Regime
• Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion
as encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and
thus only few daring students were able to undertake
higher studies. Transportation
system
• The expanded world trade and commerce in the later
part of the 19th century led to the rapid development
of Manila as a cosmopolitan center.
• Modern amenities such as steam tramways,

waterworks, newspaper, electric lights, banking
system were introduced in 19th century.
• Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding

Manila observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila Transportation system
in 1865. MSU-GSC
Incorporation of S&T into Governance in the
1f. American Period Philippines
• Bureau of Science (American period) which created the Philippine S&T
• focused on agriculture, health and food processing. Thus, because of

the colonial economic policy, the development of industrial technology
was largely neglected.
• Bureau became training ground for Filipino scientists with the

creation of the University of the Philippines (UP) and the various S&T-
related agencies and laboratories.

Declaration of Independence in 1946
• Bureau was reorganized into the Institute of Science and was put
under the Office of the President of the Philippines.
“The Institute suffered from lack of support, planning and coordination. In fact, the Bell
Mission’s Recommendation mentioned that the Institute had no capability to support
S&T development for lack of basic information, neglect of experimentation, and small
budget for R&D activities. “
“Most areas of research were left to the researchers to define under the assumption that they
were attuned to the interests of the country. They were expected to look for technologies and
scientific breakthroughs with good commercialization potential. Without clear research directions,
researches were done for their own sake, leaving to chance the commercialization of the output. “

MSU-GSC
80’s and 90’s
Establishment of NSTA
• reorganization and creation of the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) in
1982.
• need for an effective and efficient utilization of the results of R&D activities through greater
commercialization of outputs.
• creation of the S&T Council System, which became responsible for the sectoral formulation
of policy and strategies for its specific field and allocation of funds.
• four councils under the system: PCHRD, PCIERD, PCARRD and NRCP
• Later, the NRCP was replaced by PCAMRD and PCASTRD.
• The NSTA, for its part, had eight research and development institutes and support agencies
under it.
• In the mid-1980s, regional offices for S&T promotion and extension were established to
further hasten the development of S&T.
Read more at: https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf

MSU-GSC
Councils formed under NSTA

MSU-GSC
After the Marcos Regime mid 1980s
1g. Birth of DOST
After the EDSA Revolution in 1986, the NSTA
continue providing central direction, leadership
was reorganized into what is now called the
and coordination of S&T efforts and formulation
Department of Science and Technology
and implementation of policies, plans, programs
(DOST) (EO No. 128) headed by Cabinet
and projects for S&T development.
Secretary
Technology Application and Promotion Institute (TAPI) was created to serve as the
implementing arm of the DOST in pushing for the commercialization of technologies and
marketing
Science Education Institute (SEI) was created to undertake and formulate plans for
the development of S&T education and training in the country.
Science and Technology Information Institute (STII) was established to serve as

the information arm of the Department through the development and
maintenance of anThis
S&T databank and information networks.
module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 31
Other services of DOST
• upgrading of testing
• Standardization and quality control services
• various forms of technical assistance and consulting services.
• assistance to investors (patenting assistance for inventions with commercial
potentials; availment of financing for commercially viable inventions; marketing
assistance; support to pilot plant operations for selected top-priority technologies for
commercialization; and support to the upgrading of inventions, expertise and
capabilities.)
• Increased contract researches to foster the collaboration among the institutes, the
private sector and the academe.
• funding assistance to technology developers and acceptors through tie-ups with
financing institutions (DBP, Technology Livelihood Resource Center, LandBank, and
Private Development Corporation of the Philippines.

MSU-GSC
Other services of DOST
• Incentive system (e.g. Omnibus Investment Law for the conduct of certain R&D and
S&T activities in the private sector.
• Science parks
• S&T development plan in 1989 which led to the identification of the leading edges:
1) aquaculture and (2) marine fisheries, (3) forestry and (4) natural resources, (5)
process industry, (6) food and (7) feed industry, (8) energy, (9) transportation, (10)
construction industry, (11) information technology, (12) electronics, (13) instrumentation
and control, (14) emerging technologies, and (15) pharmaceuticals.

MSU-GSC
Strategies to Achieve the 15 Leading Edges

Ramos Administration
• DOST initiated a Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND
Philippines 2000),
• Technology development plan in the medium term for the period 1993-1998.
• The STAND identified seven export winners, 11 domestic needs, three other supporting
industries, and coconut industry as priority investment areas.
• Export winners were computer software; fashion accessories; gifts, toys, and houseware;
marine products; metals fabrications; furniture; and dried fruits.
• domestic needs included food, housing, health, clothing, transportation, communication, disaster
mitigation, defense, environment, manpower development and energy.
• Three additional support industries were included in the list of priority sectors, namely,
packaging, chemicals and metals. L
• strategic importance = the coconut industry was included in the list.

Read more at: http://dost.gov.ph/10-transparency/about-dost/9-the-dost-in-brief.html
1. Formulate and adopt a comprehensive National Science and Technology Plan,
and monitor and coordinate its funding and implementation;
2. Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake scientific and technological
research and development in areas identified as vital to the country's
development;
3. Promote the development of indigenous technology and the adaptation and
innovation of suitable imported technology, and in this regard, undertake
technology development up to commercial stage;
Functions
4. Undertake design and engineering works to complement research and
development functions;
5. Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake the transfer of the results of
of DOST scientific and technological research and development to their end-users;

6. Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake the technological services
needed by agriculture, industry, transport, and the general public;
7. Develop and maintain an information system and databank on science and
technology;
8. Develop and implement programs for strengthening scientific and technological
capabilities through manpower training, infrastructure and institution-building;
9. Promote public consciousness in science and technology; and
10. Undertake policy research, technology assessment, feasibility and technical
studies.
2. Science and
Technology, and the
Innovation Process
MSU-GSC
2a. Science and Technology defined
Science fundamentally is the

systematic study of the structure and
behavior of the natural and physical
world through observations and
experiments.
Scientific activity centers on research, the end result of which is the discovery or production of
new knowledge. This new knowledge may or may not have any direct or immediate application.
This module is the property of Lynn E. 40

Rallos, Science Dept, MSU-GSC
Science and Technology defined
“ is the collection of techniques,

methods or processes used in the production of
goods or services or in the accomplishment of
objectives, such as scientific investigation, or any
other consumer demands.”
Technology outcome is more concrete than science, i.e. the production
of "a thing, a chemical, a process, something to be bought and sold”.
This module is the property of Lynn E. 41

Rallos, Science Dept, MSU-GSC
Something to Ponder on:
Dr. Allan Soriano, OYM, Mapua University
Technology MUST have an intended purpose or use in a commercial scale.

2b. Technology Innovation Process
“Technological innovation and economic growth are

mutually reinforcing ..That is, higher rate of growth
tends to generate productivity improvement through
technology innovation through research and
development, and vice versa.“
Cororaton, 2003

Technology Innovation Process
“Generally, technological innovation involves two major parts—research and

innovation. The innovation part consists of two phases. In the first part, the introduction of
new technology leads to new products and reduces the cost of production. These new
products have better quality than before. Because of the reduction in cost per unit, for the
same total cost of production, the quantity of output that could be produced would increase.
Better quality products and greater volume of production result in mass production that
could attract entrepreneurs to increase their marketing effort and could further reduce
cost because of economies of scale. Mass production and lower cost could result in mass
consumption. These whole set of activities could lead to improved income for the general
public. Increased income could lead to changes in taste, which in turn could result in higher
demand for more quality products. This impulse could trigger pressure to improve the
existing technology. Thus, the entire process repeats itself and continues in this cycle
toward economic prosperity.” (see Figure in next page) Cororaton, 2003
Read more at: https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf

Technology Innovation Process
1st Phase of Innovation “The process of technological
Researc
innovation referred to in the
h Phase Mass Consumption
Figure was conceptualized by
New Products
Qualitative
Change in Yamada (1964) ….As shown in
New
Technology
Demand
Mass
Cost
Depreciation
the figure, it is a dynamic process
(inventions)
Cost Depreciation Quantitative
Production
of progressive technological
Change in
Demand
Entrepreneurship
advances and economic growth,
each one reinforcing the other.
Increase in General Income Level The process continues in a
sustained manner, and in each
Demand for Quality Products
round growth improves.”
Upgrading of Technology
Read more at:

1st Phase of Innovation https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATION
(Impact of Innovation) S/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf

The Philippine Inclusive Filipinnovation and
Entrepreneurship Roadmap:
Study the pdf copy of the roadmap. Your instructor will

provide you a copy. Ponder on these questions:
1. What is the rationale behind the creation of innovation centers

in the country?
2. How can the university (academe) position itself in the
innovation ecosystem ?
3. What can be done to create a strong innovation ecosystem in
the country?

2c. How Science Contributes to
Technology
• new knowledge (ideas for new technological
possibilities;)
• source of tools and techniques (efficient
engineering design and a knowledge base for
evaluation of feasibility of designs);
• research instrumentation, laboratory
techniques and analytical research methods
for design or industrial practices, often through
intermediate disciplines;
Brooks 1994

47
How Science Contributes to Technology
practice of research for development and
assimilation of new human skills and capabilities;
creation of a knowledge base for assessment
of technology in terms of its wider social and
environmental impacts
knowledge base that enables more efficient
strategies of applied research, development, and
refinement of new technologies.
Brooks 1994

48
has a human-centered core. It encourages organizations to focus
on the people they're creating for, which leads to better products, services, and
internal processes. When you sit down to create a solution for a business need, the
first question should always be what's the human need behind it?
Design Thinking = a philosophy x tools = solve a problem

In , you’re pulling together what’s desirable from a
human point of view with what is technologically feasible and economically viable.
It also allows those who aren't trained as designers to use creative tools to address
a vast range of challenges. The process starts with taking action and
understanding the right questions. It’s about embracing simple mindset shifts and
tackling problems from a new direction.

Steps in Design Thinking
1 2 3 4 5

Activity 3: Instructions
1 2 3
Watch the video your Team up with 3 or 4 other
Participate in the Design classmates and go through
instructor will provide on Steps 1-3 (from Empathy to
an introduction to Activity Workshop (by Ideation) only. Do not proceed to
innovation for social Marvel) on Idea Design Steps 4 and 5 (prototyping and
impact created for for Innovative Solutions testing).
to Customer You are expected to produce 4
GEC108 by Lichelle E. outputs (check out workshop kit.)
Carlos, program Needs/Problems. (see I leave it to you how you will
specialist, Emerging following slides/pages for operate as a team. But it is
Innovations for Growth guidance) always best to have a team
leader and designated
Department, SEARCA. responsibilities.

SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC 54
Note: For GEC108,
you will not
proceed to these
steps.

Primary considerations
in choosing team:
1. geographical
location
2. similarity of situation
(e.g. city dwellers, or
with affiliation to a
specific group of
people, proximity to
a potential
community recipient
of design)
3. can work together
OUTPUT 1 : Your team

composition. Follow format
on the left (Team Name
and Team Members
(MSWord doc) – last day
of submission is Oct19
Output 2: Define the
user you are
designing for
Page 1: Follow
format in left. You
can be as creative
as you want to be in
your output material.
Just make sure you
have the specified
information easily
readable in your
document.

user you are
designing for
Page 2: Follow
format in left
(You may add more
personality
descriptors). You
can be as creative
your output material.

user you are
designing for
(MSWord doc)
Page 3: Follow
format in left. You
can be as creative
your output.
Last day of
submission of output
2 (at least 3 pages)
is on October 26

Output 3:
Use format on this
slide.
Last day of
submission is on
Nov 9
Another format: same content,
different style
What problem are you

trying to solve for your end
user?
Why is this important to them?

Go through this
process with your
team. You may use
chat features of
virtual platforms,
mobile phone
calling, Zoom or
Google Meet , as
many times as you
need to, to create
your list of SIMPLE
AND CRAZY
IDEAS for your
customer.
THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN

67
E. RALLOS, SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC
Output 4: Team
ideas on solutions
Page 1: If your team

needs more than
one page, go ahead.
Remember no idea
must be shut down
at this point.
Option: You may ask

everyone in the
team to create their
own Page 1, then
put all the outputs
into a team output.

Output 4: Team
ideas on solutions
Page 2:
Use format on left to
help your team
align your
customer’s needs
and the ideas you
have come up with.
This exercise is
helpful in closing in
on the “best” ideas.

Output 4:
Page 3: This is where

you finally decide on
ONE or few best
solutions - revised,
modified, improved after
going through the
previous two pages for
Output 4. Follow the
format. Remember, you
may have more than 1
“best” solution/idea for
your customer.
Last day of submission

of Output 4 (at least 3
pages) is on November
16.
THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN E.

RALLOS, SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC
70
Rubrics for Grading Activity 3
Output 1 – 10 pt Output 2-20 pt Output 3 – 20 pt Output 4 – 20 pt
On time submission (10 Complete and on time Complete submission and Complete submission and
pt) submission – 20 pt on time – 20 pt on time – 20 pt
Late submission On time but incomplete On time but incomplete On time but incomplete
(minus 1 pt per whole submission (some pages submission (some pages submission (some pages
hour late) /content missing) – 11-19 /content missing) – 11-19 /content missing) – 11-19
pt pt pt
(you cannot miss this Late submission (whether Late submission (whether Late submission (whether
output. Without Output 1, complete or incomplete) – complete or incomplete) – complete or incomplete) –
you are not authorized to 10 pt and minus 1 for 10 pt and minus 1 for 10 pt and minus 1 for
proceed to Output 2. You every whole hour late every whole hour late every whole hour late
will get a zero for the
entire activity)

3. Global
Competitiveness
Ranking in 2019
MSU-GSC
The state of science and
technology determines the socio-
economic progress of a country.
The Global Competitiveness Index is the accepted tool

for evaluating a country's potential for growth. By
comparing most of the world's countries, it provides
insight into the comparative advantages of each.

MSU-GSC
What is economic competitiveness?

MSU-GSC
World Economic Forum’s Enabling
Global Competitiveness environment
Ranking
WEF’s Global Competitiveness Index forms the Human

basis of the report. It measures performance Capital
tThe latest edition covered 141 economies,

accounting for over 98% of the world’s GDP. is
measured based on 12 pillars under four major Markets
factors:
Innovation
Ecosystem
MSU-GSC
Each indicator, using a scale from 0 to 100, shows how close an economy is to the ideal state or “frontier” of
competitiveness. The pillars are shown above.
MSU-GSC
WES released a global competitiveness report in 2019. The
global findings are:
Enhancing competitiveness is still key for improving living standards
BUT the world is not on track to meet most of the 17

United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by Read more at:
the deadline of 2030. On Goal 8 (Decent Work and http://www3.weforum.
Economic Growth), LDCs have consistently missed org/docs/WEF_TheGlo
balCompetitivenessRe
the target of 7% growth since 2015. (average port2019.pdf
GCIndex of 60% across 141 economies)
As of 2015, 46% of the world’s population struggled to

meet basic needs…
MSU-GSC
How to read the WES report charts
The bar chart in the next slide/page presents an economy’s score on

the overall GCI and on each of its twelve pillars. The economy’s rank
(out of 141 economies) on each pillar is displayed at the bottom of the
chart. At the top of the chart, the three-letter code (ISO-3) of the best
performer is displayed (note that there are 33 best performers on the
Macro-economic stability pillar and four best performers on the Health
pillar). To the right of each bar the performance of relevant benchmarks
is displayed: the economy’s score in the 2018 edition (diamond); the
average score of the economy’s income group, based on the World
Bank’s classification (triangle); and the average score of the region to
which the economy belongs (square).
MSU-GSC
The Philippines 2019 GCI Philippines: 64th/141
MSU-GSC
The Philippines 2019 WES Report

• Snapshots
Best
Philippines Value Score Rank/14
1
Performer
* Scores are on a 0 to 100 scale, where 100 represents the optimal situation or 'frontier'. Arrows indicate
the direction of the change in score from the previous edition, if available.
• Snapshots
Best
1
Performer

• Snapshots
Best
1
Performer

Snapshots
Best
1
Performer

4. National S&T
Vision and Goals
MSU-GSC
VISION for Philippine S&T
, Science and Technology shall have contributed
significantly to the enhancement of national productivity and
competitiveness and to the solution of pressing national problems.
, the Philippines shall have carved some
niches and become world-class
, the Philippines shall have

developed a wide range of globally
competitive products and services which
have high technology content.
Goals for Philippine S&T by 2004
Higher productivity &

Improved Access to competitiveness for
Quality S&T services selected PH products
& industries
Enhanced S&T
Technology based
awareness and
enterprises shall have
support among leaders
emerged in the country
& policymakers
Goals for Philippine S&T by 2010

DOST Goals for
Philippine S&T by
2020
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos,

89
STRATEGIES for 2020
GOALS
Addressing
Niching & Clustering national problems
Provision of
Development of Accelerating
support to
HR industry (SMEs)
Technology
Strengthening of
Upgrading of Improvement of S&T
government, industry&
Infrastructure governance
society
Read more on Filipino innovations in the report of DOST Secretary Renato dela Pena.
The article is uploaded in your course site. Or you can request a pdf copy from your
instructor via email.

Activity 5:
Synthesis table of analysis on
“Have we achieved the 2020 goals for S&T
in the Philippines?”
Do a critical analysis of the three 2020 goals for S&T.
Create a table for your analysis . Format is shown in the
next slide/page.

Note: This is individual work. Table may be expanded to only up to one whole page. Should not
exceed 1 page, letter size 8.5x11. References must be properly cited (recommended APA citation
format). May be done in MSExcel or MSWord doc but submit as pdf file. Write your name on the
top right corner of the page, and your GEC108 section.
Table of Analysis on the Philippine S&T Goals for 2020

Goal Achieved or Not Specify basis for References
Achieved? analysis
World-class universities
in S&T
Internationally
recognized Filipino
scientists & engineers
Model in S&T
management

Rubrics for grading your Activity 5 output
28-30 pt 20-27pt 0-19pt
Output follows the satisfactorily adheres 2-3 items not adhering >3 items not adhering
recommended format
and entries
Completeness of Complete 1 or 2 cells without >2 cells without entry
entries (all cells are entry
populated)
Analysis sufficient and a few evidences poor presentation of
convincing evidences presented are evidences (not clearly
presented insufficient or supportive or no
misaligned evidences at all)
Referencing all references used >10% of references poor choices of or
are credible and are questionable or lacking in references
properly cited inappropriate


Science Technology Ranking in Phil - 2nd Sem 2020 - LER

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Science Technology Ranking in Phil - 2nd Sem 2020 - LER

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Learning Outcomes 1.

trace the development of S&T in the Philippines from “ancient”

4. collaborate on creating ideation on innovation for social impact

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 1

5. [DOST] Department of Science and Technology website www.dost.gov.ph

6. National Museum website www.nationalmuseum.gov

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 3

There were indications that people in the Philippine

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 5

THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN E. RALLOS, SCIENCE

• By around 3,000 B.C. stone age people were producing adzes

• As early as Neolithic age, inhabitants were trading with other societies.

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 8

Stone adze, 0.9MYO

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 9

The earliest prehistoric rock drawings studied extensively

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 11

Arku Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 12

Read more about the metal age in the Philippines at https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 14

• gold, bronze, brass and copper in the form of

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 15

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 17

THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 20

• The later part of the 16th century c

(a) Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu- a

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 22

The society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk

In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an era of

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 23

• Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila (1887) created by decree. Main functions :

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 24

• The licentiate degree equivalent to a Master’s degree was granted

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 25

• Modern amenities such as steam tramways,

• Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding

• Bureau of Science (American period) which created the Philippine S&T

• focused on agriculture, health and food processing. Thus, because of

• Bureau became training ground for Filipino scientists with the

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 27

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 28

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 29

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 30

Science and Technology Information Institute (STII) was established to serve as

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 32

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 33

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 34

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 35

of DOST scientific and technological research and development to their end-users;

Science fundamentally is the

This module is the property of Lynn E. 40

“ is the collection of techniques,

This module is the property of Lynn E. 41

Dr. Allan Soriano, OYM, Mapua University

Technology MUST have an intended purpose or use in a commercial scale.

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 42

“Technological innovation and economic growth are

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 43

“Generally, technological innovation involves two major parts—research and

Read more at: https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf