Tangent Galvanometer1578911 PDF

AMMHU |1
SCHOOL NAME SCHOOL NAME SCHOOL NAME

ADDRESS WITH PINCODE AND PHONE NUMBER
Submitted by Guided by
Student Name [ ]
Class With Section Teacher Name
Class Roll No. Designation
Board Roll No.
www.ammhu.com A categorized blogging website and an Online Resource Centre For CBSE, RBSE, and
Other State Boards — Raj Kumar Parashari, Head Science @ JPHS, Jaipur-302021
AMMHU |2
INDEX
1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM
4. APPARATUS REQUIRED
5. PRINCIPLE / THEORY
6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS & IMAGES
7. PROCEDURE
8. OBSERVATIONS
9. CALCULATIONS
10. RESULT
AMMHU |3
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that _______________________
student of ______ school name _______, class XII Sc __
has carried out his work for the investigatory project
entitled _______________________________________
under my guidance and supervision.
Signature of the Teacher

Designation
AMMHU |4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I __________________________________ a student of
____________________________________,______________
would like to pay my sincere gratitude to my Physics teacher
Mr. __________________________ for helping and guiding
me throughout the completion of the project report. I would
like to thank Mr./Mrs. _______________________ our school
principal/Director for making school such a wonderful place of
learning. I also would like to thank Mr. ________________
our lab assistant for the timely assistant in completion of the
project.
AMMHU |5
AIM
1. To Determine Reduction Factor (K) Of The given Tangent
Galvanometer.
2. To Find Out Horizontal Component Of Earth’s Magnetic Field

(BH).
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Tangent Galvanometer (TG)
2. Commutator (C)
3. Rheostat (Rh)
4. Battery (E)
5. Ammeter (A)
6. Key (K)
7. Sprit Level
AMMHU |6
THEORY
It works on the principle of tangent law, according to which,
when a bar magnet is suspended freely inside two mutually
perpendicular magnetic fields B and BH, it comes to rest making
an angle  with the direction of BH; such that
B = BH tan
WORKING
Tangent galvanometer is an instrument for calculating small
electric currents by measuring deflection in the in the magnetic
compass placed inside two mutually perpendicular magnetic
fields B and BH.
Tangent Galvanometer consists of a coil of insulated copper
wire wound on a circular non-magnetic frame. When a current is
passed through the circular coil, a magnetic field (B) is produced
AMMHU |7
at the centre of the coil in a direction Perpendicular to the plane

of the coil. The TG is arranged in such a way that the horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field (BH) is in the direction of
the plane of the coil i.e. its plane is in the magnetic meridian. As
magnetic needle is under the action of two mutually
perpendicular fields, it will experience torques due to both
magnetic fields in opposite sense. If  is the deflection of the
needle with BH, then according to tangent law,
B = BH tan……….. (1)
Let I is the current passing through the coil of radius ‘a’ with n
turns, then the strength of magnetic field generated by the
current carrying circular coil is,
0 nI
B ..............( 2 )
2a
Equation (1) and (2), we get

0 n I
.  BH tan  ............( 3 )
2a
 2a BH 
I    tan ............( 4 )
 0 n 
I  K  tan ............( 5 )
AMMHU |8
Thus current ‘I’ through the coil is directly proportional to

2a BH
tan . Here, the proportionality constant K  0 n , is called as the
reduction factor of the given tangent galvanometer. It can be

calculated by finding slope of I v/s tan graph
2a BH
As reduction factor is K is known, so we can find BH by
0 n
substituting radius of the coil a, number of turns n and the

reduction factor K in the following relation.
0 nK
BH  ..................( 6 )
2a
AMMHU |9
Tangent Galvanometer Setting and Circuit Diagram :

Connections are made as shown in the figure given below,
where K is the key, E the battery, A the ammeter, Rh the
rheostat, C the commutator, and TG the tangent galvanometer.
The commutator can reverse the current through the TG coil
without changing the current in the rest of the circuit. Taking the
average of the resulting two readings for deflection averages out
any small error in positioning the TG coil relative to the earth’s
magnetic field Bh.
A M M H U | 10
PROCEDURE
 The plane of the coil is made vertical by adjusting the
leveling screws and attached sprit level.
 The compass box alone is rotated so that the 90-90 line
in the compass box is in the plane of the coil.
 The T.G as a whole is rotated till the Aluminum pointer
reads 0-0.
 Note down the number of turns in the coil
 A suitable current is allowed to pass through the coil.
 Note down the current as well as the deflection in T.G.
 Reverse the current and note the deflection values of
current.
 Repeat the produce for different values of current.
 Measure the radius of the coil from its perimeter.
A M M H U | 11
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Number of turns in the coil n = 2 & 50
Internal Diameter D1 = ……… cm
Outer Diameter D2 = …………
 D1  D2 
 
Mean diameter, D =  2  cm
So mean radius of the coil a = D/2
Case (A) Number of turns n = 2

S.No. Ammeter Pointer Mean tan  K=I/tan
reading deflection in  (A)
I(A) degrees
direct reverse
 2 3 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A M M H U | 12
Case (A) Number of turns n = 50

S.No. Ammeter Pointer deflection Mean tan  K=I/tan (A)
reading in degrees 
I(A)
direct reverse
   4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Graph 1 Take reading and draw graph (straight line passing

through origin).
A M M H U | 13
Graph 2
Take reading and draw graph (straight line passing through
origin).
Form Graph:
(a) Calculation Of Reduction Factor
The slope of the graph from table 1
AB ..............
K1  Slope   
OB ..............
the slope of the graph from table 2

AB ..............
K 2  Slope   
OB ..............
Thus the reduction factor of the tangent galvanometer

K1  K 2
K 
2
A M M H U | 14
(b) Calculation Of Horizontal Component Of Earth

Magnetic Field
From The slope of graph 1
0 nK 4 2  K1
BH   
2a 2  ....
From The slope of graph 2

0 nK 4 2  K 2
BH   
2a 2  ....
Average value of earth’s horizontal component on the place

of experiment is BH = ……….. Tesla
Precautions
a) Keep the tangent galvanometer at large distance from rest of
the apparatus.
b) Plane of the tangent galvanometer must be in the plane of
magnetic meridian.
c) The current should be adjusted so that the deflection in the
tangent galvanometer lies between 30° to 60° .
d) Read both ends of the pointer also make the use of reversing
current direction.
e) While reading the ends of the pointer, error due to pointer
should be avoided.
A M M H U | 15
Bibliography
1.
2.
Note: — Hand written Investigatory Project Report
should be submitted. Work should be neat and clean.
Avoid unnecessary fancy decoration of the project
report.
Note: — Take readings, draw graph current v/s tan  for
each liquid. Find the slope,which will give you the
reduction factor. Follow up suggestions as given.
Note: — Learn theory, working and related viva for
board practical examination.
Wish you all the best.
Raj Kumar Parashari

Head Science
JPHS, Jaipur

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AMMHU |1

SCHOOL NAME SCHOOL NAME SCHOOL NAME

Signature of the Teacher

2. To Find Out Horizontal Component Of Earth’s Magnetic Field

1. Tangent Galvanometer (TG)

at the centre of the coil in a direction Perpendicular to the plane

Equation (1) and (2), we get

Thus current ‘I’ through the coil is directly proportional to

reduction factor of the given tangent galvanometer. It can be

substituting radius of the coil a, number of turns n and the

Tangent Galvanometer Setting and Circuit Diagram :

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

So mean radius of the coil a = D/2

Case (A) Number of turns n = 2

Case (A) Number of turns n = 50

Graph 1 Take reading and draw graph (straight line passing

the slope of the graph from table 2

Thus the reduction factor of the tangent galvanometer

(b) Calculation Of Horizontal Component Of Earth

From The slope of graph 2

Average value of earth’s horizontal component on the place

Raj Kumar Parashari

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