REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviews the literatures that have relevance on this research under consideration
to strengthen the stand/position of Grade 10 students of Iligan City National High School against
removing the Filipino Language and Panitikan as a mandatory subject at the College Level.

All sources are locally provided hence this study does not make use of foreign literatures.

Books

Ang Pinakadakilang Bayaning Pilipino is a compilation of the works of Dr. Jose Rizal.
According to our great propagandist and hero, Rizal, a nation who cannot love its own tongue is
more worthless than a creeping mammals and odorous fish, hence, a nation should love and
nurture its own language the way the mother loves and nurtures her child (Sanco & Nacino,
1997). This book is relevant to our study because it strengthens our stand against removing the
Filipino Language and Panitikan as a mandatory subject at the college level because Rizal himself
had taught us to love the Filipino language.

Language is a cultural tool against foreign domination which brings with itself its own
culture hence the writing of history and the propagation of ones art and culture should be in ones
own language. It is important because language itself is a cultural tool of any nation (Navarro &
Abejo, 1998). This book Wika, Panitikan, Sining is relevant because it shows the importance of a
national language, hence this strengthen our stand.

According to Agoncillo (1981), a historian, in his book Pilipinas Kong Mahal, that he had
written this particular book because he wants to preserve the Filipino language.... This work of
Agoncillo is important to our study since its strengthen our stand against removing the Filipino
language and Panitikan in the College curriculum. Take note that a great historian himself and an
academician emphasized the importance of the Filipino language.

According to our great hero, Andres Bonifacio (1994) in his poem, Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang
Lupa that there is no greater love than the love of the native country, hence the love of ones own
native language for language is a cultural tool of a nation. This is relevant in our study because it
shows how important language is, thus, strengthening our stand against removing the Filipino
language and Panitikan at the College Level.

Electronic Media

According to Mongaya (2019) , a journalist that the importance the Filipinos give and the use
of the English language is a heritage of our colonial past. The Americans who ruled us saw to it
that we learn their language because it will make them easier to conquer us, as mentioned above
language is a tool for dominating others, hence the Americans are not longer around yet we are
still a neo colony of the United States. Our economy and even our elections are influenced by the
American government and this is because of our love of the English language. Mongaya is
correct when he says that the use of English in the educational system churns out robots that are
efficient as overseas workers which is one of the demands of the highly industrialized countries
like United States and other countries that need overseas workers. As he says, humanities and
other four year courses in the college level including the Filipino language with its Sining and
Panitikan are relegated to the background. These courses are important because it makes us not
only educated but humane and cultured. Hence, this literature strengthens our position against
CHED Memorandum Order 20.

Even our own artist particularly Vice Ganda who are one of the educated artists in the
Philippines had reacted on removing the Filipino Language and Panitikan as core college
subjects. According to him, there's nothing wrong in studying other language but it is important
that one should known his own language. He said that it is important to give priority to ones own
native language (Cepeda, 2018). This is relevant to our study because Vice Ganda values our own
language, as an artist he knows the importance of being understood by the masses, who would
listen to him if he would perform in foreign language? Hence this statement of Vice Ganda
strengthens our stand against the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order
20.

According to Tagupa (2018) , there is no other language can mold its own literature except
to its own prose. Filipino is delineated of our dazzling culture and distinctiveness. It's not only a
consolidate symbol,but also an essential communication that can help our scattered islands to
connect to our own language.Literature is important to us due to the fact that it connects
individuals. This is relevant in our study because it expresses the importance of a national
language as a unifying instrument in an island like the Philippines hence this study supports our
stand against CHED Memorandum Order 20.

According to Tan (2019), if we austerity our vernacular and to awe for all our Philippine
language,our teens requisite to grow up learning and using these language as a result many young
filipino acknowledge our own and comprehend our homeland further.It should be a daily practice
that becomes part of us part of the way we think and live since it is our literature and teens
nowadays are not usually used to our own panitikan hence teend need to practice to show respect
to our Philippine Language. This statement of Tan is significant to our study because it shows the
importance of a language especially in an island like the Philippines therefore this literature
supports our stand against CHED Memorandum Order 20.

Senator Sotto cited that CHED Memorandum Order 20 violates Article XIV, Section 6 of the
Constitution which states that "the government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of
Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational
system" (Ismael, 2018). This particular statement of Senator Sotto strengthens this study's stand
against CHED memorandum Order 20 but the most important is CHED's violation of the
Philippine Constition which is the basic law of the land. Hence this is relevant to our study
because the Constitution mandates the teaching of Filipino in the Philippine Educational System.
 Senator Risa Hontiveros said that the Filipino Language as a means of communication
should be preserved to be used for formal education and research. Since language is a cultural
expression, the Filipino language would strengthen, unite and propagate Filipino customs,
traditions and values (Tomacruz, 2018). This position of Senator Hontiveros is relevant on our
study because this deepens the discussion on forming the identity of Filipino student. It becomes
his foundation of learning and he understands his society more by learning the Filipino language
and Philippine literature.

Senator Bam Aquino criticized the Supreme Courts' decision upholding the CHED
Memorandum Order 20 saying that we should strengthen our Filipino identity and appreciate our
national language (Araneta, 2018). This is relevant to our study because it supports our position
against CHED Memorandum Order 20.

The Alyansa ng mga Tagapagtanggol ng Wikang Filipino is a Philippine-based organization

who file a 22 page-letter of protest reminding Supreme Court as they were cautioned against it ni
their lawyers. The organization strongly believes that the decision of CHED newly formed
memorandum is clearly an example of violation of 1987 Constitutional language provisions (Ong,
2019). The stated reason was quite enough to prove that taking Filipino Language and Panitikan
is an example of an Anti- Filipino Act. It shows indirect disrespect and treachery to the country.

Alyansa ng mga Tagapagtanggol ng Wikang Filipino claimed that the CHED Memorandum
Order 20 violates the Constitution that mandates the inclusion of the study of Filipino and the
Constitution in the curriculum. (Macarian, 2019). This is relevant to our study because it
strengthens our position which is not to remove the Filipino language and Panitikan at the college
level.

It is clear that the Constitution mandates the teaching of use of the Filipino language in
classrooms as a medium of instruction. Since the Filipino government mandates the teaching of
the Constitution therefore it would have to follow the mandate of the Constitution to teach
Filipino language along with it the literary works of our great writers and heroes (Andaquig,
2019). But since the CHED Memorandum Order 20 violates that particular mandate in our
Constitution, is it not right and proper to change the Filipino Constitution first before the CHED
Memorandum Order 20 be implemented? What a waste of time and money? This is relevant in
our study for it shows that CHED Memorandum Order 20 violates not only the Constitution but
the most important it destroys the Filipino as a nation.

There are many groups of educators, writers and other Filipino advocates who criticized the
implementation of CHED Memorandum Order 20 because it violates the Organic Act of the
Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, the Education Act of 1982 and the Organic Act of the National
Commission on Culture and the Arts (Manglinong, 2018). This is relevant because it shows that
our position is more correct and right for it supports the above mentioned Organic Act of the
Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, the Education Act of 1982 and the Organic Act of the National
Commission on Culture and the Arts.
 Government officials violently criticized the Supreme Court decision that CHED
Memorandum Order 20 is constitutional (Villegas, 2018). The position of our government
officials is relevant to our study because it supports our stand against the CHED Memorandum
Order 20.

All these related literatures that the group has come across inspired us to take a firm stand
against CHED Memorandum Order 20 which is not only a violation of the Constitution but also
disrespectful of our heroes' sacrifices to propagate a national language which will unite the
Filipino people into a one, strong and cultured nation for language is a cultural heritage and a tool
against foreign domination.