8 CHAPTER 1.

VECTOR ANALYSIS

@v y @vy @vy @vy @vy

@y + @v z
@z = @y cos2 + @z sin cos + @vz
@y sin cos + @vz
@z sin2 + @y sin2 @z sin cos
@vz
@y sin cos + @vz
@z cos 2

@vy @vy
= @y cos 2
+ sin 2
+ @vz
@z sin2 + cos2 = @y + @z .
@vz
X
Problem 1.18
x̂ ŷ ẑ
(a) r⇥va = @
@x
@
@y
@
@z = x̂(0 6xz) + ŷ(0 + 2z) + ẑ(3z 2 0) = 6xz x̂ + 2z ŷ + 3z 2 ẑ.
x 3xz
2 2
2xz
x̂ ŷ ẑ
(b) r⇥vb = @
@x
@
@y
@
@z = x̂(0 2y) + ŷ(0 3z) + ẑ(0 x) = 2y x̂ 3z ŷ x ẑ.
xy 2yz 3xz
x̂ ŷ ẑ
(c) r⇥vc = @
@x
@
@y
@
@z = x̂(2z 2z) + ŷ(0 0) + ẑ(2y 2y) = 0.
y (2xy + z ) 2yz
2 2

Problem 1.19
y As we go from point A to point B (9 o’clock to 10 o’clock), x
increases, y increases, vx increases, and vy decreases, so @vx /@y >
v 0, while @vy /@y < 0. On the circle, vz = 0, and there is no
dependence on z, so Eq. 1.41 says
v B v ✓ ◆
@vy @vx
r ⇥ v = ẑ
@x @y
A x
z points in the negative z direction (into the page), as the right
hand rule would suggest. (Pick any other nearby points on the
v circle and you will come to the same conclusion.) [I’m sorry, but I
cannot remember who suggested this cute illustration.]

Problem 1.20
v = y x̂ + x ŷ; or v = yz x̂ + xz ŷ + xy ẑ; or v = (3x2 z z 3 ) x̂ + 3 ŷ + (x3 3xz 2 ) ẑ;
or v = (sin x)(cosh y) x̂ (cos x)(sinh y) ŷ; etc.
Problem 1.21
⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘
@(f g) @(f g) @(f g) @g
(i) r(f g) = @x x̂ + @y ŷ + @z ẑ = f @x + g @f
@x x̂ + f @g
+ g @f
ŷ + f @g
+ g @f
ẑ
⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘ @y @y @z @z
@g @g @g
=f @x x̂ + @y ŷ + @z ẑ + g @f @f @f
@x x̂ + @y ŷ + @z ẑ = f (rg) + g(rf ). qed

(iv) r·(A⇥B) = @
@x (Ay Bz @
Az By ) +
@y (Az Bx Ax Bz ) + @z
@
(Ax By Ay Bx )
@A @B
= Ay @x + Bz @x
@Bz y
Az @x y
By @x + Az @y + Bx @A
@Az @Bx
@y
z
Ax @B
@y
z
Bz @A
@y
x

@By @A
+Ax @z + By @A x
Ay @B x
Bx @zy
⇣ ⌘ @z @z ⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘
@A @A @By
= Bx @A@y
z
@z
y
+ By @A @z
x @Az
@x + Bz @xy @Ax
@y Ax @Bz
@y @z
⇣ ⌘
@By
Ay @Bx
@z
@Bz
@x Az @x
@Bx
@y = B· (r⇥A) A· (r⇥B). qed
⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘
@(f Az ) @(f Ay ) @(f Ax ) @(f Az ) @(f Ay ) @(f Ax )
(v) r⇥ (f A) = @y @z x̂ + @z @x ŷ + @x @y ẑ

c 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is
protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be
reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS 9

⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘
@f @A
= f @A@y + Az @y
z
f @zy Ay @f @z x̂ + f @z + Ax @z
@Ax @f
f @A
@x
z
Az @f
@x ŷ
⇣ ⌘
@A
+ f @xy + Ay @f @x f @A
@y
x
Ax @f
@y ẑ
h⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘ i
@Ay @Ay
= f @A @y
z
x̂ + @Ax @Az
ŷ + @Ax
ẑ
h⇣ @z @z
⌘ @x⇣ @x
⌘@y ⇣ ⌘ i
Ay @f
@z Az
@f
@y x̂ + Az
@f
@x A x
@f
@z ŷ + Ax
@f
@y Ay
@f
@x ẑ
= f (r⇥A) A⇥ (rf ). qed
Problem 1.22
⇣ ⌘ ⇣ ⌘
@By @By @By
(a) (A·r) B = Ax @B
@x
x
+ Ay
@Bx
@y + Az
@Bx
@z x̂ + Ax + Ay + Az ŷ
⇣ ⌘@x @y @z

+ Ax @x + Ay @y + Az @z ẑ.
@Bz @Bz @Bz

x x̂+y ŷ+z ẑ
(b) r̂ = r
r=p . Let’s just do the x component.
x2 +y 2 +z 2
⇣ ⌘
[(r̂·r)r̂]x = p1 x @x @
+ y @y
@
+ z @z
@ p 2 x2 2
x +y +z
n h i h i h io
= 1r x p1 + x( 12 ) (p1 )3 2x + yx 1
2(
p 3 2y + zx
1
)
1
2(
p 3 2z
1
)

= 1
r
x
r
1
r3 x3 + xy 2 + xz 2 = 1
r
x
r
x
r3 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
r
x
r
x
r = 0.
Same goes for the other components. Hence: (r̂·r) r̂ = 0 .
⇣ ⌘
(c) (va ·r) vb = x2 @x
@
+ 3xz 2 @y
@
2xz @z
@
(xy x̂ + 2yz ŷ + 3xz ẑ)
= x2 (y x̂ + 0 ŷ + 3z ẑ) + 3xz 2 (x x̂ + 2z ŷ + 0 ẑ) 2xz (0 x̂ + 2y ŷ + 3x ẑ)
= x2 y + 3x2 z 2 x̂ + 6xz 3 4xyz ŷ + 3x2 z 6x2 z ẑ
= x2 y + 3z 2 x̂ + 2xz 3z 2 2y ŷ 3x2 z ẑ
Problem 1.23
@Ay @By
(ii) [r(A·B)]x = @x (Ax Bx
@
+ Ay By + Az Bz ) = @Ax
@x Bx + Ax @B
@x +
x
@x By + Ay @x + @Az
@x Bz + Az @B
@x
z

@By
[A⇥(r⇥B)]x = Ay (r⇥B)z Az (r⇥B)y = Ay @x
@Bx
@y Az @Bx
@z
@Bz
@x
@A
[B⇥(r⇥A)]x = By @xy @Ax
@y Bz @A@z
x @Az
@x
[(A·r)B]x = Ax @x
@
+ Ay @y
@
+ Az @z
@
Bx = Ax @B
@x + Ay @y + Az @z
x @Bx @Bx

[(B·r)A]x = Bx @x + By @y + Bz @z
@Ax @Ax @Ax

So [A⇥(r⇥B) + B⇥(r⇥A) + (A·r)B + (B·r)A]x

@B @Ay
= Ay @xy Ay @B@y
x
@z + Az @x + By @x
Az @B x @Bz
By @A
@y
x
@z + Bz @x
Bz @A x @Az

+Ax @B
@x + Ay @y + Az @z + Bx @x + By @y + Bz @z
x @Bx @Bx @Ax @Ax @Ax

= Bx @A
@x + Ax @x + By
x @Bx @Ay
@x /
@Ax
@y + @A/ + Ay @B@x
@y
x y @Bx
@y / + @B
@y
x
/
+Bz /
@Ax
@z+ + @A
@x
z
+ Az /
@Ax
@z / + @B@x + @B@z/
@B
@z
x z x

= [r(A·B)]x (same for y and z)

(vi) [r⇥(A⇥B)]x = @y (A⇥B)z
@
@z (A⇥B)y = @y (Ax By
@ @
Ay Bx ) @z (Az Bx
@
Ax Bz )
@By @Ay
= @y By + Ax @y
@Ax
@y Bx
@Bx
Ay @y @Az
@z Bx Az @z + @z Bz + Ax @B
@Bx @Ax
@z
z

[(B·r)A (A·r)B + A(r·B) B(r·A)]x

@By @Ay
= Bx @A
@x + By @y + Bz @z
x @Ax @Ax
Ax @B
@x
x
Ay @B
@y
x
@z + Ax
Az @B x @Bx
@x + @y + @B
@z
z
Bx @Ax
@x + @y + @A
@z
z

c 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is
protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be
reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.