n m



 E : a x + · · · + a n xn = b





E : a x + · · · + a n xn = b







 Em : am x + · · · + amn xn = bm

n (x! , ..., x!n ) n

Ax = b
     
a ··· a n b  x
 
     
A=

,
 b=
 ,
 x=
 .

     
am ··· amn bm xn

b∈
/ C(A)

b ∈ C(A), N (A) = { }

b ∈ C(A), N (A) "= { }



 x + y − z =


x + y − z =



− x − y + z =
 

 x + y − z =


y + z =



 y + z =



 x + y − z =


y + z =



 z =

Backward Substitution

Elementary Operation

j i

E → Ej
i
E → Ei
j

Ei → αEi , α "=

j i

Ej → Ei + E j

Ej → αEi + Ej

U pper T riangular M atrix

+ ,
A b Augmented M atrix Ax = b
+ ,
U c
Ux = c
 

 x − x =


x + x =



 x + x − x =

A Row Echelon f orm

A Reduced Row Echelon f orm

Ax = b

+ , + , Ax = b

··· c U c

A b Ax = b

x! , x! , · · · , xsn tar b

x! [A! ] + · · · + x!n [A!n ] = b

A b A b
!
Ax =

A ∈ Rm×n

Ax = b b ∈ Rm

A b ∈ Rm

Rm A