Assignment 2

ETB 4503: Transportation and Highway Engineering

By

Index No. Name Marks

EGT/16/455 Jayasuriya J.A.A.I

Department of Engineering Technology

Construction and Building Services Technology
Faculty of Technology 2015/16
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Sri Lanka

16th of November, 2020

 Content

1. Road Safety Audit

 Introduction
 Background Information
 Safety Audit checklist
 Safety Audit

2. Social and Environmental impact assessment.

 Introduction


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 1. Safety Audit

 Introduction

Road safety audit is a systematic and formal process of checking the safety aspects of
road schemes before they are built. The objective is to identify potential safety problems, so that,
where possible, the design can be changed to eliminate or reduce them. The audit is carried out by
trained and experienced auditor who are independent of the scheme designers. Road safety auditing
follows the principle of “prevention is better than cure”. An audit conducted at the planning or
design stage allows a line on a plan to be changed which is much cheaper having to alter asphalt or
concrete once the shame has been built. Most countries have experience of having to make major
alterations to a newly- build road because a significant safety problems was design into road. This
can be avoided if all schemes are audited before construction. Experience from other countries
suggest that at a third of crashes can be prevented or their severity reduced by conducting road
safety audits and acting on the findings. Road safety audits are appropriate for all kinds of road
construction, including rehabilitation and upgrading, as well as new-build.

Safety audits involve three parties with defined roles – the Auditor, the Designer, and the
Client. Road safety auditing can produce significant benefits at low cost if carried out in a formal
and coordinated manner at all carried out in formal and coordinated manner at all stages in the
planning, design and implementation of a road project. The process requires management
commitment, donor co-operation, skilled auditors, and an on-going trading programme.

The safety audit is basically addressed a pre-design safety checklist, to acquire more
reliable survey and focused to identify any safety issues and to recognize what are the necessary
safety precaution that should be taken to mitigate such problems. All the issues are evident with
clear images to clarify for anyone who refer the audit. All the image resources are taken from
Google maps. The check list that is used to measure the safety level of the route is mentioned as
below.

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 Background Information

The route B400 (Gampaha – Negambo Main Bus Road) is the subjective route path that is
taken into conduct the safety audit to systematically identify the safety issues engaged with the
route and to analyse what are the methods and procedures to overcome such problems and to
improve the safety in the road. Throughout the study, several risk factors that impact traffic safety
were able identified. The safety audit is held using Google maps, due to the limited capabilities of
approaching the destination.

Length of the route : 10 km

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 Safety Audit checklist
Road function and surrounding.
Cross sections.
Drainage pattern.
Intersections.
Traffic signing, marking, and lighting
Road side features and passive safety installations
Speed management.
Access to property.

 Safety Audit

1. Identification 01:

 Identify three black spots. (Black spots is a place where road traffic accidents have
historically been concentrated.)

 Reasons for identification.

- Based on information obtained from left-wing residents living around the accident
black spot.

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- This location is a black spot due to the large bend, the low radius of the bend, the
invisibility of vehicles on the other side of the bend, the slowness of the bend due to
a bend, and the lack of a separate lane for pedestrians.
- The problem is exacerbated by the lack of accident black spot makings in high-rise
areas.

- This place is a black spot due to the fact that it is a bumpy road, it is difficult to
control the speed, the bumpy road is a combination of 3 lanes, there is no separate
lane for pedestrian traffic and there are no pedestrian traffic and there are no
pedestrian crossing, there are economic centres on both sides of the road and the
road width is reduced.
- The problem is exacerbated by the lack of accident black spot makings in high-rise
areas.

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 - This location is a black spot due to the large bend, the low radius of the bend, the
invisibility of vehicles on the other side of the bend and the lack of a separate lane
for pedestrians.
- The problem is exacerbated by the lack of accident black spot makings in high-rise
areas.

Figure: Accident Black Spot Bend

 Suggested response
- Provide suitable road markings near the accident black spots.
- Provide suitable pedestrian crossings and foot ways.

2. Identification 02:

 Identify that some rode sides no any proper drainage facility even though it seems as a
residential part. In front of heavy rain, this area would get flooded.

 Reason to identification
- Road flooded during heavy rains.
- The road was damaged due to landslides on both sides.

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 - Vehicles cannot be driven though the route and would be a large barrier for the
vehicle stream.

Figure : No any proper drainage facility

 Suggested response
- Provide suitable drainage facilities.

3. Identification 03:

 The junctions is not having a street lighting and lack of bus sigs or stops.

 Reason to identification
- Since it is a junction, the populations of pedestrians would be higher and, since the
road is much narrower, accidents may be possible at night.
- Other vehicles parked at those locations due to lack of bus stop signs or bus stops.

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 Figure : Other vehicles parked at bus stops

 Suggested response
- Provide suitable street lighting and bus sigs or stops.

4. Identification 04:

 In this school area, there is intersection with a collector road, and due to that congestions may
occur in peak hour times.

 Reason to identification

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 - In this location have three of schools in both sides of the road so, large amount of
school bus and other vehicle parked on both sides of the road. The reason for this is
that there is no way to park school vehicles and move them regularly.
- Also this location have two of three way junctions within 10m. So, traffic
congestion is caused by vehicles staying on the road for too long due to the inability
to exchange lanes at the same time.

Figure : Four way junction in school zone

2. Social and Environments Impact Assessment

 Introduction
Social and environment problems arise largely due to conflicts between economic
development and natural resources. Economic losses and social costs from environmental
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degradation often occur long after the economic benefits of development have been realized.
Most often, the development projects provide economic benefits and better living environment,
but they also affect local people adversely. Social and environment impact assessments help in
understanding such impacts.
Social impacts are the cost of the human population by any public and private actions
that change the people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their needs etc.
Social impact focuses on the human dimension of environment, and seeks to identify the
impact on people who benefited and loses. The major types of social impacts are relates to
lifestyle, cultural, community, quality of life and health related impacts.
Any development planning has to focus on to the environmental, social and biodiversity
impacts of the economic development. This impact assessment process helps to identify the
positive and negative impact of the proposed projects.
Social and environment impact assessment process benefited in many ways to
understand how the of socio-cultural, institutional, historical and political contexts influence to
the social development outcomes of the specific projects.

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