Table 1 Standard Values of Center Distance

Ser. Center Distance a [mm]

1 63 100 160 250 315
2 50 63 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315
3 50 63 63 71 80 90 100 112 125 140 160 180 200 224 250 280 315
1 400 630 1000 1600
2 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000
3 355 400 450 500 560 630 710 800 900 1000 1120 1250 1400 1600 1800 2000

Fig. 3 Distribution of correction factors for reduction gear drive

Table 2 Dimensions for Standard Gearing

Description Pinion Gear
Number of teeth z1 z2
Pitch circle diameter do1 =z1 m do2 = z2 m
Tip circle diameter da1=do1+2m da2 = do2+ 2 m
Root circle diameter df1=do1-2.5m df2=do2-2.5m
Base circle diameter db1=do1 cos  db2= do2 cos 
Tooth thickness on pitch circle s = e = p / 2 = m / 2
Total Tooth Height, h h = 2.25m
Gear Width, b b = 0.5 do1
Center distance d + d2 z + z2
ao = 1 =m 1
2 2
ra2 2 - rb2 2  ra1 2 - rb1 2 - a sin 
Contact Ratio,   
 m * cos 

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department

Machine Dynamics, ME 243
 Table 3 Dimensions of Gears in a So-Gearing
Description Pinion Gear
Number of teeth z1 z2
Pitch circle diameter do1 = z1 m do2 =z2 m
Base Circle Diameter, db1, db2 db1=do1 cos w db2=do2 cos w
Tip circle diameter da1= do1 + 2m + 2 x1 m da2 =do2 + 2 m - 2 x1 m
Root circle diameter df1 = do1 - 2(1.25 - x1) m df2=do2 - 2(1.25 + x1) m
Modification Pitch circle diameter dw1=do1 cos / cos w dw2=do2 cos / cos w
Center Distance ao = m (z1+ z2) / 2
Center distance after modification aw=a= ao cos / cos w
Tooth thickness on pitch circle s1 = m/2 + 2 x1 m tan  s2=m/2 - 2.x1 m tan 
Involute pressure angle inv α = tanα – (α.π/180)
Involute Function inv αw = tanαw – (αw.π/180)
Total Tooth Height, h h ≈ 2.25m
Gear Width, b b = 0.5 do1
Working Pressure Angle z 1  z 2 inv w  inv
x1  x 2 
2 tan 
ra2 - rb 2  - a w sin  w
2 2 2 2
ra1 - rb1
Contact Ratio,   
 m * cos  w
Table 4 Dimensions of Gears in an S-Gearing
Description Pinion Gear
Number of teeth z1 z2
Pitch circle diameter do1 = z1 m do2 =z2 m
Standard Center Distance ao = m (z1+ z2) / 2
Center distance after modification aw= a = ao cos / cos w
Involute pressure angle inv α = tanα – (α.π/180)
Involute Function inv αw = tanαw – (αw.π/180)
Sum of profile correction z 1  z 2 inv w  inv
x1  x 2 
2 tan 
Base Circle Diameter, db1, db2 db1=do1 cos w db2=do2 cos w
Tip circle diameter da1= 2(a + m – x2 m)- do2 da2 =2(a + m - x1 m)- do1
Root circle diameter df1 = do1 - 2(1.25 - x1) m df2=do2 - 2(1.25 - x2) m
Modification Pitch circle diameter dw1=do1 cos / cos w dw2=do2 cos / cos w
Tooth thickness on pitch circle s1 = m/2 + 2 x1 m tan  s2=m/2 + 2 x2 m tan 
Topping y.m =ao+(x1+x2)m-a
Total Tooth Height, h h ≈ 2.25m
Gear Width, b b = 0.5 do1
ra2 - rb 2  - a w sin  w
2 2 2 2
ra1 - rb1
Contact Ratio,   
 m * cos  w
Power = Mt *  [Watt]
Mt = Ft * d/2 [N.m] for standard Gears
Mt = Ft * dw /2 [N.m] for corrected Gears
tan α = Fr /Ft for standard Gears
tan αw = Fr /Ft for corrected Gears
FN = [(Fr)2 + (Ft)2]1/2 [N]

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department

Machine Dynamics, ME 243