Analysis of Single Phase Z-Source Inverter Using Variable Load

International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET)
Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2017, pp. 36–47, Article ID: IJEET_08_04_005

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=8&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6545 and ISSN Online: 0976-6553
Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.1891 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
© IAEME Publication
ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE Z-SOURCE

INVERTER USING VARIABLE LOAD
Gauravi S. Somani, Dr. P. H. Zope
M.E. Scholar, Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,
SSBT‟s C.O.E.T., Bambhori, North Maharashtra University, India
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a high performance, low cost prototype Z-source inverter for
variable load or household based application. It is an improvement over Traditional
Voltage-source and Current-source inverter with a unique X-shaped network. The X-
shaped network can provide a single stage power conversion concept where as the
traditional inverter requires two stage power conversion for renewable energy
applications. Z-source inverter system is designed and simulated using Matlab-
Simulink and their results are compared with the hardware designed by
microcontroller ATMEL AT89S52. The sinusoidal PWM signal are generated using
microcontroller with 10Khz switching speed.The performance analysis, simulation
and comparison have been carried out it results the Z-source inverter system is more
suitable as compared to traditional inverters. The efficiency, stability, faster switching
action of the MOSFET, the total harmonics distortion against the nonlinear load is
also better as variation in modulation index.
Key words: Z-source inverter (ZSI), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Matlab-
Simulink, Modulation index.
Cite this Article: Gauravi S. Somani, Dr. P. H. Zope. Analysis of Single Phase Z-
Source Inverter using Variable Load. International Journal of Electrical Engineering
& Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 36–47.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=8&IType=4
1. INTRODUCTION
Z-source inverters are new breed of inverter in which voltage boost operation can be
simultaneously performed along with inversion operation, which greatly reduces the losses
occurring due to two stages while using conventional inverter method. These losses include
the losses occurring due to transformer or due to DC-DC boost converter. ZSI although
reduces the overall cost by reducing the stages[1] In the initial part of paper a review of the
resultant analysis of hardware and software with their modulation index. The technique is
discussed with basic principle, methodology, advantages and disadvantages. At last
comparative analysis of Hardware and Software is also provided.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/index.asp 36 editor@iaeme.com
Basic technique used in a Z-source inverter is attractive for three main reasons; first the
traditional PWM inverter has only one control freedom, used to control the output AC
voltage. However the Z-source inverter has two independent control freedoms; shoot through
duty cycle and modulation index, providing the ability to produce any desired output AC
voltage [10]. Second, the Z-source inverter provides the same features of a DC-DC boosted
inverter, yet its single stage is less complex and more cost effective. Third, the z-source
inverter has the benefit of enhanced reliability due to the fact that momentary shoot-through
can no longer destroy the inverter [11].The developed system includes SMPS, microcontroller
and it‟s board, capacitor ,inductor, MOSFETS as a switch, step-up transformer and resistive
load up to 200watt.
In recent years there is a lot of research been done to improve the topological design of z-
source inverter but only a few designs have removed the disadvantages such as cost, size and
performance of ZSI. In this paper some latest topological designs are discussed which are
modified to give optimum performance by either reducing the size, total harmonic distortion
or other factors like no. of passive elements. These parameters are very important parameters
in determining the overall performance of the inverter. Z-source inverter is different from
conventional voltage source inverter in a way that the former uses passive elements apart
from DC source and power electronic switches.[1-2]
2. NEED FOR THE STUDY

The DC voltage source could be a battery or output of a front end rectifier circuit connected
with the utility AC supply or a capacitor. Four switches are used in the main circuit; each is
traditionally composed of a power metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET) and an
antiparallel (or feedback) diode to provide bidirectional current flow and unidirectional
voltage blocking capability. Z-source inverter (ZSI) is a direct current (DC) to alternating
current (AC) power conversion concept that is very promising in the areas of power
conditioning especially in alternative energy sources, adjustable speed drives (ASD) and
distributed generation.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the paper, the modeling and simulation of single phase Z-source
inverter and its control methods for implementation dc-to-ac power conversion is presented.
The design of Z-source inverter modulation and simulation is carried ii
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment along with the sinusoidal carrier PWM control method is
discussed in ZSI feeding different type of resistive load. This paper is organized in such a way
that it describes the complete system design, results and it‟s analysis in much interesting way.
Figure, photographs, Tables are provided for clarity of the concepts. The major objectives are
summarized as follows
 To study of the model of ZSI using PWM control technique namely, simple boost control
method.
 Modelling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink
 Using PWM method for the switching operation.
 Comparative analysis of different modulation index of ZSI feeding practical resistive load
with hardware and software.
Analysis of Single Phase Z-Source Inverter using Varibale Load
4. METHODOLOGY
This paper is focus on modelling and simulation of single phase inverter as a frequency
changer modulated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM). An inverter is a circuit
that converts DC sources to AC sources. Pulse Width Modulation is a technique that use as a
way to decrease total harmonic distortion in inverter circuit. The model is implemented using
MATLAB/Simulink software with the SimPower System Block Set based on computer
simulation. Computer simulation plays an important role in the design, analysis, and
evaluation of power electronic converter and their controller. MATLAB is an effective tool to
analyze a PWM inverter. Advantages of using MATLAB are the following: faster response,
availability of various simulation tools and functional blocks and the absence of convergence
problems.
4.1. Z-Source Inverter

Z-source inverter has overcome the limitations of conventional Voltage Source Inverter and
Current Source Inverter. Included so as to obtain both inversion and boost operation
simultaneously. The operation of Z source inverter is different from conventional voltage
source inverter in a way that it uses shoot through states apart from four active states of
conventional VSI. The Z-source concept can be applied to all dc-to-ac, ac-to-dc, ac-to-ac, and
dc-to-dc power conversion. The Z-source converter employs a unique impedance network (or
circuit) to couple the converter main circuit to the power source, thus providing unique
features that cannot be observed in the traditional voltage-source and current-source
converters where a capacitor and inductor are used, respectively.
Figure 1 Generalized structure of the Z-source Inverter.
4.2. Proposed System

It has three stages, the input stage having rectifier unit with AC input supply, the middle stage
consist of impedance network, and the output stage consist of any resistive or inductive load
respectively.
It has three stages:
(i) DC voltage source of the rectifier supply- fed to the impedance network.
(ii) Impedance network-fed to the inverter
(iii)Inverter-fed to the load
This is a two-port network (Fig (1)) that consists of split inductors L1 and L2 (L1=L2) and
capacitors C1 and C2 (C1 = C2) connected in X-shape. L1 and L2 are series arm‟s
inductances; C1 and C2 are diagonal arm‟s capacitances. This network is coupled with the
main circuits and the source. This network is also called as Z network.
Figure 2 Block Diagram of Single Phase Z Source Inverter
As per the discussion we give input to the implemented system by using SMPS which is
24 volt, 10 A DC given to the Z network. The Z network is made of the combination of the
capacitor and inductor which are connected in X- shape. Then the impedance network is
connected to the inverter. Inverter converts the DC input into AC output. Then the converted
AC input fed to the step up transformer. The step up transformer transforms the low voltage
into high i.e. it will increase the voltage level of primary side and given to the secondary
which is a 230 volt AC. The secondary of transformer connected to the load. The load is a
resistive type of load and we increase the load as 15 watt, 60watt, 100watt, 200watt
respectively.. The transformer is connected to the load. The rectifier circuit is used for the +5
volt DC which is fed to the microcontroller. By using microcontroller we implement the
PWM technique for that we use the MOSFETS which are connected in H bridge form.
4.2.1. Pilot Study

A pilot study was undertaken in order to
 Evaluate the hardware prepared
 Analyze simulation result of z source inverter
 Compare the results of Z Source inverter & Traditional PWM inverter
Figure 2 Photograph of Proposed System
4.3. Hardware analysis

According to the project and the arrangement we connect the all three stages which are first is
SMPS then second is inverter and third is the load which is nothing but our output. As per the
circuit diagram and our connection we switch ON the mains 230 Volts, 50 which are
connected to the SMPS. The dc energy comes From the SMPS source inverter is buck-boost
type of inverter it converts the DC energy into AC and given to the load over there by varying
the load we obtain the resultant output on CRO and by using digital multi meter (DMM) .
Table 1 Design Parameters used

SR.NO. PARAMETER/ VALUES
COMPONENTS
1 = 160 μH
2 1000 μF
3 Switching frequency 10 kHz
4 Input DC voltage 24V
5 Load Up to 200watt
6 Modulation Index 0.6
Table 2 Hardware Results For Modulation Index (m) =0.6
Sr.no Input Input Input Output Output Output Efficiency Load Inverter
voltage current Power voltage current Power (%η) (W) output
(V) (I)A V ( )A w voltage
1 24 97mA 2.32 191.11 ∞ - − No load 20
2 24 0.52 12.48 181.39 82.69m 14.99 120.19 15 20
3 24 1.82 43.68 150.79 0.39 58.80 137.36 60 20
4 24 2.71 65.04 129.53 0.77 99.73 153.75 100 20
5 24 4.05 97.2 100.38 1.99 199.75 205.76 200 20
Figure 3 Output Voltage Waveform across the Secondary of Transformer
250
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
200
150
100
50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
LOAD
Graph 1 Graph of Load Vs Output Voltage
INPUT POWER VS OUTPUT POWER

250
OUTPUT POWER
200
150
100
50
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
INPUT POWER
Graph 2 Input Power Vs Output Power
4.4. Simulation of Single Phase Z- Source Inverter

In this paper, MATLAB/SIMULINK (version 15) software has been used to design and
develop the ZSI using resistive load and analyze simulation in MATLAB environment along
with SIMULINK and power system block set (PSB) toolboxes. The circuit diagram of ZSI
based test system feeding load is depicted in Figure-6.1. Here, ZSI is triggered by techniques
PWM control technique.
Table 3 Simulated Input Output Values of Single Phase Z Source Inverter Using Resistive Load for
Modulation Index (m) =0.6
1 24 89 2.13k 190.2 90 17.11k − No load 35
2 24 2.5 60 170.2 80.2m 13.65 25 15 35
3 24 2.7 64.8 140.8 0.34 47.87 92.59 60 35
4 24 2.9 69.6 115.2 0.7 80.64 143.67 100 35
5 24 4.05 97.2 110 2.18 239.8 205.76 200 35
Figure 4 Single Phase Z-Source Inverter MATLAB-Simulink Model
1 24 84 2.01k 100 90 9k − No load 35
2 24 2.8 67.2 166.9 60m 10.01 22.32 15 35
3 24 2.9 69.6 123 0.3 36.9 86.20 60 35
4 24 3.0 72 111.7 0.6 70.62 138.88 100 35
5 24 3.5 84 109 2.2 239.8 238.09 200 35
1 24 89.8 2.15k 97.2 90 1.74k − No load 35
2 24 3.28 78.72 154.6 69m 10.66 19.05 15 35
3 24 3.45 82.8 115.5 0.3 34.65 72.46 60 35
4 24 3.5 84 112.5 0.66 74.25 119.09 100 35
5 24 3.60 86.4 100.2 2.15 215.43 231.32 200 35
1 24 96.9 2.32k 100.2 93.2 10.27k − No load 35
2 24 3.7 88.8 170.02 59m 10.13 16.89 15 35
3 24 3.8 91.2 115 0.3 34.5 71.42 60 35
4 24 3.10 74.4 108.9 0.66 71.87 134.4 100 35
5 24 3.24 77.74 99.9 2.15 214.78 260.41 200 35
1 24 101.5 2.43k 102.25 94.5 9.6k − No load 35
2 24 2.8 67.2 167.40 70m 11.17 22.32 15 35
3 24 2.72 65.28 115.5 0.29 33.49 92.59 60 35
4 24 3.58 85.92 111.4 0.66 73.52 119.04 100 35
5 24 3.67 88.08 100.5 2.15 216.07 227.06 200 35
1 24 103.9 2.49k 105 104.5 10.9k − No load 35
2 24 3.13 75.12 154.2 69m 10.63 19.96 15 35
3 24 3.55 85.2 114.15 0.29 33.10 104.2 60 35
4 24 3.7 88.8 111.2 0.66 73.39 112.67 100 35
5 24 4.02 96.48 108.2 2.15 232.63 225.73 200 35
Figure 5 Output Voltages across the 100 Watt Load
4.5. Simulation of Traditional Single Phase PWM Inverter
Figure 6 Single phase Traditional inverter MATLAB-simulink model
Table 9 Simulated Input Output Values of Single Phase Traditional inverter PWM Inverter Using
Resistive Load for Modulation Index (m) =0.6
1 24 76 1.8k 65 65 4.25k − No load 35
2 24 3.9 93.6 121 57m 6.89 7.1 15 35
3 24 3.91 93.84 102.9 0.29 29.84 31.79 60 35
4 24 3.91 96 99.05 0.56 55.46 59.10 100 35
5 24 3.91 100.8 64.07 1.27 81.36 86.71 200 35
1 24 80 1.9k 65.5 66.2 4.33k − No load 35
2 24 3.91 93.84 172 78m 13.26 14.29 15 35
3 24 3.91 93.84 114.7 0.30 34.41 36.66 60 35
4 24 3.91 93.84 96.8 0.57 55.17 59.33 100 35
5 24 3.92 94.08 64.07 1.27 81.36 86.71 200 35
1 24 97.8 2.34k 69.5 69.6 4.83k − No load 35
2 24 3.91 93.84 138.94 63.5m 8.82 9.40 15 35
3 24 3.91 93.84 111.5 0.28 31.22 33.26 60 35
4 24 3.91 93.84 92.7 0.55 50.98 54.33 100 35
5 24 3.92 94.08 60.52 1.18 71.41 76.29 200 35
1 24 105.3 2.52k 71.02 71 5.04k − No load 35
2 24 3.91 93.84 138.2 62.9m 8.69 9.26 15 35
3 24 3.91 93.84 108.58 0.28 30.40 32.39 60 35
4 24 3.91 93.84 92.7 0.55 50.98 54.33 100 35
5 24 3.91 93.84 60.45 1.19 71.93 76.29 200 35
1 24 89.7 2.15k 68.5 68.2 4.67k − No load 35
2 24 3.91 93.84 126.62 61m 7.72 8.25 15 35
3 24 3.91 93.84 114.58 0.29 33.22 35.40 60 35
4 24 3.912 93.84 92.75 0.52 48.23 53.34 100 35
5 24 3.92 93.08 61.84 1.22 75.44 86.71 200 35
1 24 107.14 2.57k 72.36 70.4 5.09k − No load 35
2 24 3.91 93.84 137.5 62.7m 8.62 9.18 15 35
3 24 3.91 93.84 105.3 0.27 28.43 30.29 60 35
4 24 3.91 93.84 92.6 0.56 51.85 55.26 100 35
5 24 3.92 94.08 60.32 1.19 71.78 76.29 200 35
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the comparative analysis we compare the parameters of single phase Z source inverter with
the traditional single phase PWM inverter. The parameters used in comparison are as shown
in below table. The comparative analysis shows that the output voltage, efficiency of Z-source
inverter is much better than that of single phase traditional PWM inverter. The Z-source
inverter is buck-boost type of inverter so in this case it will boost the output voltage for
respected resistive load.
Table 15 comparative analysis of single phase Z-source Inverter with TRADITIONAL PWM Inverter
for Modulation Index m=0.6
Traditional inverter Z -source inverter
Sr.No. Type of Parameter
No Load Full Load No Load Full Load
1 Input voltage( V 24 24 24 24
2 Input Current( A 76 3.94 89 4.05
3 Output voltage V 65 67.16 190.2 110
4 Output current A 65 1.34 90 2.18
5 Input Power W 1.8k 94.56 2.13k 97.24
6 Output Power W 4.22k 89.99 17.11k 239.8
7 Efficiency(%η) - 95.16 - 246.60
6. CONCLUSIONS
In above discussion, the sinusoidal PWM method is used to control switching operation of the
MOSFET it eliminate the problem of shoot through states of Z-source inverter. These shoot
through switching state in the Z-source inverter shows that input voltage is boosted and it
eliminate the effect of total harmonic distortion in the output signals. The prototype of the Z-
source inverter is simulated with the help of Matlab-Simulink as well as the validation of the
system is carried out by Microcontroller AT89S52, it generate SPWM signal. The simulated
results of the inverter are compared with the traditional PWM inverter. It results efficiency,
THD, switching operation and stability of the Z-source inverter is better than the traditional
inverter.
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Analysis of Single Phase Z-Source Inverter Using Variable Load

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET)

Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2017, pp. 36–47, Article ID: IJEET_08_04_005

ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE Z-SOURCE

2. NEED FOR THE STUDY

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

4.1. Z-Source Inverter

Figure 1 Generalized structure of the Z-source Inverter.

4.2. Proposed System

Figure 2 Block Diagram of Single Phase Z Source Inverter

4.2.1. Pilot Study

Figure 2 Photograph of Proposed System

4.3. Hardware analysis

Table 1 Design Parameters used

Table 2 Hardware Results For Modulation Index (m) =0.6

Figure 3 Output Voltage Waveform across the Secondary of Transformer

Graph 1 Graph of Load Vs Output Voltage

INPUT POWER VS OUTPUT POWER

4.4. Simulation of Single Phase Z- Source Inverter

Figure 4 Single Phase Z-Source Inverter MATLAB-Simulink Model

Figure 5 Output Voltages across the 100 Watt Load

4.5. Simulation of Traditional Single Phase PWM Inverter

Figure 6 Single phase Traditional inverter MATLAB-simulink model

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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