Five Phase Split Phase Inverter for Electric

Vehicle
CHAPTER- I

INTRODUCTION

Power electronics is the efficient conversion and control of electric power utilising power
semiconductor devices. Power electronics are based on contemporary technology and can
be used for a variety of purposes. Power electronics converters play an important part in
the conversion of electric power signals to another signal. An inverter is a power
electrical device that transforms a direct current (DC) signal to an alternating current
(AC) signal. Inverters are essential for numerous applications such as battery-powered
mobile phones, electric vehicles, and continuous power delivery, among others. Inverters
are characterised as stand-alone or grid-connected. There are several single-phase and
three-phase inverters available, including voltage source inverters (VSI), current voltage
inverters (CSI), Z-Source inverters, and quasi Z-Source inverters.
Multiphase inverters are developed as new technology and approach expanding the five
phase inverters are introduced to alleviate the shortcomings of single and three phase
inverters. Instead of employing a three-phase inverter, a five-phase inverter can provide
improved efficiency, fewer copper losses, higher output power, and control of actual and
reactive power flow.

Fig 1.1. Inverter Types

1.1: Current source inverter: The current source inverter, also known as the current fed
inverter, transforms the input dc to ac and produces three-phase or single-phase output.
The five-phase current source inverter (CSI) employs five phase ten-switches to
eliminate harmonic distortion and enhance the output waveform. Variable frequency
drives, induction heating, renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaic (PV)
systems, and

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electric vehicle (EV) chargers Power factor correction is used in power systems. The
fundamental disadvantage of CSI is that it cannot reduce the voltage level and has
additional problems such as higher cost, size, and weight.

Fig 1.2. Current Source Inverter

1.2. Voltage source inverter:

It is a power electronic converter that converts dc to alternating current voltage. Voltage
source inverters provide exact control over the output voltage and frequency, allowing for
efficient and accurate motor speed control. The primary issue is that the power factor of
the drive varies with firing angle and can be quite low at low frequencies. To increase
voltage gain, more VSI circuits are required. As a result, additional passive components
are required, raising the system's cost, and decreasing its overall efficiency.

Fig 1.3. Voltage Source Inverter

1.3 Z-Source Inverter:
The five phase Z-Source inverter provides a five-phase variable voltage and variable
frequency supply with approximate shoot through pulse width modulation (PWM) and
peak to peak voltage. The ZSI inverter circuit, which consists of parallel linked
capacitance, inductance, resistance, and an ultrafast diode, is used to avoid current
reversal

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towards the dc power source. The Z-Source inverter provides other advantages, such as
boost mode capability, removal of inrush current, and resolution of dead time difficulties.
However, the ZSI has a few drawbacks: it requires a larger starting current, a restricted
voltage, higher voltage stresses, and more passive parts.

Fig 1.4. Z- Source Inverter

1.4 Split Source Inverter
Recently, the split source inverter (SSI) has been created to overcome all the
disadvantages of the CSI, VSI, and ZSI. Initially created for single phase and three phase
topologies that demand smaller passive components, reduced voltage stresses across
switches for high-voltage gains, continuous flow of input current, and DC voltage.
Because of the passive parts or components, the SSI topology decreases the number of
switches, as well as the volume and weight of the inverters. When compared to other
inverters, the SSI may achieve better efficiency and lower ripple current.

Fig 1.5. Split Source Inverter

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 Five Phase Split Phase Inverter for Electric
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CHAPTER –II

LITERATURE SURVEY

• Abdelhakim, A.; Mattavelli, P.; Spiazzi, G. Three-Phase Split-Source Inverter

(SSI): Analysis and Modulation. IEEE Trans. Po Electron. 2016, 31, 7451–7461.
[CrossRef]
• Dabour, S.M.; Alotaibi, M.A.; Abd-Elaziz, A.A.; Alshahat, M.A.; Abdallah, M.;
Eltamaly, A.M.; Abdel-Khalik, A.S.; Massoud, A.M. Ahmed, S. Modeling and
Control of Single-Stage Quadratic-Boost Split Source Inverters. IEEE Access 2022,
10, 24162–24180.

This work offers a new cascaded multilevel inverter architecture that extends the notion
of Split-Source Inverter (SSI) to cascaded Multi-Level Inverter (MLI) setups. This
construction combines boosting and dc-to-AC conversion in a single unit with fewer
passive parts, making it a viable alternative to the well-known Z-Source MLIs. Based on
the design of each SSI unit, two distinct configurations of the proposed inverter are
introduced. The suggested inverter's topological structure, working principle, and
modulation approaches are provided for each configuration. A simulation study is used to
assess the correctness of the analysis and the performance of the proposed topology. The
advantages of cascaded H-Bridge topologies, such as modularity and decreased system
cost, space, and performance, are highlighted in the article. The study also examines the
split-source inverter, which has two alternative topologies (P-type and N-type) and
consists of a single inductor and a diode for each inverter leg.

This work focuses on the development of single-stage quadratic-boost split source

inverters (QBIs) to improve their boosting properties. The authors provide novel SSI
topologies with high voltage gain that make use of an extra inductor, capacitor, and two
diodes. The suggested converters square the basic SSI's boosting factor by utilising an
extra inductor, capacitor, and two diodes. Four distinct QBI topologies are presented: one
with continuous input current (CC-QBI), one with discontinuous input current (DC-QBI),
and one with decreased capacitor voltage stresses. The research presents a small-signal

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model of the CC-QBI utilising state variable perturbance and proposes a closed-loop
voltage and current

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control technique for the dc-boosting factor. A modified space vector modulation
(MSVM) technique is also proposed to eliminate input current ripples. To evaluate their
performance, a comparison study between the suggested topologies and their equivalents
is introduced. When operating with low input voltage, the CC-QBI architecture provides
superior boosting properties, with more boosting capability, lower capacitor voltages, and
reduced semiconductor stresses, especially when significant voltage gains are required.

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CHAPTER –III

WORKING OF FIVE PHASE SPLIT SOURCE INVERTER

A five-phase split-source inverter is a type of power electrical equipment that converts

direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). It is made up of two independent DC
sources, each coupled to a pair of five-phase legs. The load is then linked to these legs.
The inverter may create several output voltage waveforms with varied phase angles by
managing the switching of the semiconductor components. This offers for more power
control flexibility and increased performance in some situations.

The five-phase split-source inverter transforms DC power to alternating current (AC) by

connecting two DC sources to five-phase legs. It produces numerous output voltage
waveforms with varying phase angles, which improves power control and performance.

3.1 Circuit of five phase split source inverter

A five-phase split-source inverter's circuit is made up of two different DC sources. These

switches are programmed in such a manner that the DC sources can be linked to the load
in various ways, resulting in five distinct output voltage waveforms.
The DC sources may be linked in various configurations by manipulating the switches,
allowing for varied combinations of phase voltages. This facilitates the creation of five-
phase alternating current electricity.

Fig 3.1 Circuit diagram of five phase split source inverter

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The circuit is made up of two distinct DC sources and one set of switches for each leg,
with each set of switches regulating the connection of the DC sources to the load.

The switches are adjusted in a specified order to create the five-phase AC electricity. This
sequence specifies the phase voltage combinations that are created. Different
combinations of phase voltages may be obtained by altering the connections of the DC
sources, resulting in the necessary five-phase output. PWM methods are commonly used
to control the switches, which modify the switching patterns to regulate the output
voltage waveform. This enables accurate control and modification of the output power.

3.2 Operation of five phase split source inverter

A five-phase split-source inverter converts direct current (DC) electricity from a power
source into alternating current (AC) power with five output phases. The switches are
programmed in such a manner that the DC sources can be linked to the load in various
ways, resulting in five alternative output voltage waveforms.

When compared to standard three-phase inverters, this type of inverter offers advantages
such as enhanced fault tolerance, higher power density, and increased efficiency. It is
widely utilised in applications requiring excellent power quality and dependability,
including as electric cars and renewable energy systems.

Typically, the switches are regulated using pulse width modulation (PWM) approaches.
Changing the switching patterns of the switches allows you to alter the width and timing
of the voltage pulses. This exact control allows the required AC voltage waveform to be
generated.

Overall, to generate the necessary five-phase output, the five-phase split-source inverter
requires precise synchronisation of the switches and DC sources.

The 5-Phase output voltage is applied to the load, which is a 5 Phase Induction Motor.
The Fast Fourier Transform is used in a variety of control systems, including sinusoidal
pulse width modulation, and shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation. THD and
Fundamental Voltage are displayed in FFT Analysis for each phase, and the results are
compared and assessed depending on the control technique.

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Fig 3.2 waveform of Three phase split-source inverter

Based on this Three phase split source inverter waveforms we will extend it to 5 phase
split source inverters in level shifted approach

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CHAPTER –IV

SIMULATION ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

The simulation is run for two different control methods: sinusoidal pulse width
modulation and shifted sinusoidal modulation. The control circuits and waveforms for
both systems are distinct, and FFT analysis is conducted for both ways. Furthermore, the
fundamental voltage and THD have been detected for both control approaches. The
results show that the THD is lower with the level shifted technique than with the
sinusoidal pulse width modulation.

SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION FOR 5 PHASE SSI

Fig 4.1.1. Circuit of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation

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Fig 4.1.2. Control Circuit of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation

Fig 4.1.3. Control Circuit Waveform of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation

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Fig 4.1.4. Triggering Pulses Waveforms of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation

Fig 4.1.5. Input Current Waveform of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation.

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Fig 4.1.6. Output Voltage Waveform of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation

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Fig 4.1.7. FFT Analysis of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation

Here we can Observe that the THD is 16.04% in sinusoidal pulse width Modulation and
the Fundamental Voltage is 134.9. This is the data obtained from the output voltage
waveform of the sinusoidal pulse width modulation.

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LEVEL SHIFTED SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION FOR 5 PHASE

SSI

Fig 4.2.1. Circuit of level shifted Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation.

Fig 4.2.2. Control Circuit of level shifted Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation.

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Fig 4.2.3. Control Circuit Waveforms of Level Shifted Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation.

Fig 4.2.4. Triggering pulses Waveforms of Level Shifted Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation.

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Fig 4.2.5. Input Current Waveform of Level Shifted Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation.

Fig 4.2.6. Output Voltage Waveforms of Level Shifted Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation.

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Fig 4.2.7. FFT Analysis of Level Shifted Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation.

Here we can Observe that the THD is 6.44% in sinusoidal pulse width Modulation and
the Fundamental Voltage is 50.18. This is the data obtained from the output voltage
waveform of the sinusoidal pulse width modulation. The THD is reduced in case of Level
shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation.

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CHAPTER –V

FLOWCHART

Fig 5.1. Flowchart of Level Shifted Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation

• Begin the simulation and record the DC input voltage and current.
• Use spwm/level shifted modulation to build a reference sine waveform.
• Generate a carrier triangle waveform and compare it to a reference sine waveform.
• For each phase, generate pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. Control the power
device switching.
• Contrast the carrier and reference waveforms.
• Produce PWM signals for each phase.
• Manage the Power Switching Devices
• Monitor and regulate output voltage and current for each phase, as well as perform FFT
analysis.
• Repeat the same processes for different SSI control techniques and do FFT analysis and
comparison for different control ways approaches.
• Analyse the results and document your findings.

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