« SR.

PHYSICS BABY BULLET-Q «

1

15. SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS:

MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS
@IMP DEFINITIONS & FORMULAS?
SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIALS
1. Semi conductors are the materials like Si,
Ge having electrical conductivity between
conductors and insulators
---------------------------------------------------------
2. A pure semiconductor (Si or Ge) without
doping is called intrinsic semiconductor.
In this, ne = nh
6. p-n junction: The region where p-type and
n-type semi-conductors are in contact with
each other is called p-n junction.
---------------------------------------------------------
7. p-n junction diode: The device having a
p-n junction is called p-n junction diode.
Its basic property is to allow current in one
direction only.

Q
---------------------------------------------------------

-
Where ne = electron concentration 8. The neutral region formed on either sides of

T
nh = hole concentration the p-n junction due to diffusion of electrons
--------------------------------------------------------- and holes is called depletion layer.

E
---------------------------------------------------------
3. A doped semiconductor is called extrinsic
semiconductor. In this, ne ¹ nh
---------------------------------------------------------
4. Si or Ge doped with pentavalent impurity is
9.
L LSEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICES
The device which converts AC into DC is
called rectifier. The process in which AC
called n-type semiconductor. In this,ne> nh.
U converted to DC is called rectification.
--------------------------------------------------------

B
---------------------------------------------------------
10. The device which converts only half of the
5. Si or Ge doped with trivalent impurity is
AC wave into DC is called half wave
called p-type semiconductor. In this,ne< nh.

Y
rectifier. Only single diode is used in it.

B
A
BULLET MASTER'S

PHYSI BEATS!
DIODE
B
15) SEMICONDUCTORS [1 VSAQ+ 1 SAQ]
Semi conductor materials are used TED
TE GRA IT
to make electronic devices like IN IRCU
C
R
ISTO (i) diodes(p-n junction diode, photo diode, LED, Zener diode)
ANS
TR (ii) Transistor (p-n-p & n-p-n) (iii) Halfwave, full wave rectifiers
(iv) Integrated circuits and chips.
You Know why Bangalore is called Silicon Valley of INDIA ?
IPE View
F IMP VSAQ: Intrinsic & extrinsic semi conductors, p-type & n-type semiconductors,
Circuit symbols of p-n-p & n-p-n transistors, Universal gates
F IMP SAQ: Differences between halfwave and full wave rectifier, Working of full wave rectifier
« SR. PHYSICS 2
BABY BULLET-Q «

11. The device which converts full AC wave into LOGIC GATES
DC is called full wave rectifier. Two diodes
are used in it. 22. NOT gate: NOT gate-Truth Table
-------------------------------------------------------- Input Output
0.406R L Symbol
12. Half wave rectifier, Efficiency h= A Y
rf  R L
--------------------------------------------------------- A Y A 0 1
0.812R L 1 0
13. Full wave rectifier, Efficiency h=
rf  R L
--------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
14. A properly doped diode with sharp break 23. OR gate : OR gate-Truth Table

down zener voltage in reverse bias is called Input Output

Symbol A B Y
zener diode.It is always used in reverse bias.
0 0 0
Symbol of zener diode is A
Y=A+B 0 1 1
Zener diode is used as voltage regulator. B

Q
1 0 1

-
--------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1
15. The diode which detects light is called

T
--------------------------------------------------------
photodiode. It works on the principle of 24. NOR gate : NOR gate-Truth Table

photovoltaic effect.
Symbol of photodiode is
Symbol
L E A
Input
YB
Output

L
0 0 1
--------------------------------------------------------- A
Y A B 0 1 0

U
16. The diode which produces light is called light B 1 0 0
emitting diode (LED).

B
1 1 0
Symbol of LED is --------------------------------------------------------
LED is connected in forward bias. 25. AND gate : AND gate-Truth Table

Y
---------------------------------------------------------
Symbol Input Output

B
17. A semiconductor device having two p-n A B Y

A
junctions is called transistor. A 0 0 0
B Y=A.B 0 1 0
trans(fer) + (res)istor = transistor

B
---------------------------------------------------------
18. Symbol of p-n-p transistor:
1
1
0
1
0
1

--------------------------------------------------------
Emitter Collector
26. NAND gate:
„

NAND gate-Truth Table

Symbol Input Output

Base A B Y
---------------------------------------------------------
19. Symbol of n-p-n transistor: A 0 0 1
B Y A.B
0 1 1
Emitter Collector
„

1 0 1
1 1 0

Base
---------------------------------------------------------
Vo
20. Amplification factor for voltage is A V
Vi
--------------------------------------------------------
R
21. Relation between AV and b is AV= E L
Ri