DAILY LECTURE SHEET : ACADEMIC SESSION 2019-20

Topic : Limits, Continuity &Derivability Course : JP | JF | JR

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Theory Contents to be Covered in the Lecture :

Lecture No. of the particular topic : 01

Part-I : Definition + LHL \ RHL
ifjHkk"kk + ck¡;h lhek@nk¡;h lhek

Part-II : Indeterminate forms

vfuZ/kk; :i

Part-III : Fundamental theorem

ewyHkqr izes;

Example :

Definition + LHL \ RHL

ifjHkk"kk + ck¡;h lhek@nk¡;h lhek
1. Evaluate Lim f(x)
x
2

Lim f(x) x.kuk dhft,A Ans. 1


x
2

2. Evaluate Limf(x)
x 1

Limf(x) x.kuk dhft,A Ans. Does not exist fo|eku ugh

x 1

3. Evaluate Limf(x)
x 1
, Limf ( x) , Limf ( x)
x0 x4

Limf(x) , Limf ( x) , Lim f ( x) x.kuk dhft,A

x 1 x0 x4

Ans. Does not exist fo|eku ugha

4. Evaluate Lim {x}

x 1

{x} Lim x.kuk dhft,A Ans. Does not exist fo|eku ugha
x 1
1
5. Evaluate Limcot

[cos x]
x
2

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 Limcot 1[cos x] x.kuk dhft,A Ans. Does not exist fo|eku ugha

x
2

6. WRITE INDETERMINANT FORMS vfuZ/kk; :iks dks fy[kks &

x x2  1
(i) Lim Ans. 0/0 (ii) Lim Ans. 0/0
x 0 x x 1 x 1
x
(iii) lim
x 0
Ans. 0/0 (iv) lim (1)1/x Ans. 1
2x x 0

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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 02

Part-I : Method of Removing indeterminancy

vfuZ/kk;rk dks gVkus ds rjhds

Part-II : Factorization, Rationalization,

xq.ku[k.M] ifjes;dj.k

Part-III : use of standard limit

ekud lhekvks dk mi;ksx

Part-IV :

1. Methods to remove indeterminancy vfu/kk;Zrk dks gVkus ds rjhds

Factorisation method xq.ku[k.M fof/k %
x2  x x 6  24x  16
(i) Lim Ans. 3 (ii) Lim Ans. 12
x 1
x 1 x 2 x 3  2x  12

x3  x 2 log x  log x  1 3 x 3  23
(iii) lim Ans. D(iv) lim Ans. 12
x 1 x2  1 2 x 2 x2
2. Rationalization / Double Rationalization
ifjes;dj.k @ f}ifjes;dj.k

4  15x  1 5  (2x  3)( x  1)  1

(i) Lim Ans. D(ii)   Ans. = 
x 1
2  3x  1 6  2x 2
 x  3  10

3. USE OF STANDARD LIMITS

ekud lhekvksa ds mi;ksx
sin2x
(i) Lim Ans. 2
x 0 x
e3x  1
Lim
(ii) x 0 x Ans. 6
2
tan x  sin x
(iii) Lim Ans. 1/2
x 0 x3
p 1
x  (p  1)x  p p(p  1)
D(iv) lim Ans.
x 1 (x  1)2 2
2
(v) lim n(5  x)  n(5  x) Ans.
5
x 0
x
(vi) lim e tan x
 e x
Ans. 1
x 0
tan x  x
(vii) sin(x 2  1) Ans. 1
lim
x 1 (x 2  1)
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 tan(sin(x  3))
lim
(viii) x 3 x Ans. 0

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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 03

Part-I : Use of substitution,izfrLFkkiu dk mi;ksx

Part-II : Infinite Limits, vuUr lhek,sa

Part-III : use of expansion, series expansion, Binomial expansion. Finding a, b, c for existence of Limits
izlkj dk mi;ksx] Js.kh izlkj] f}in izlkj] lhek ds fo|eku gksus ds fy;s a, b, c dk eku

Part-IV : L - Hop’tal rule , L - gkWLihVy fu;e

Example :

1. USE OF SUBSTITUTION
izfrLFkkiu dk mi;ksx
1  tan x
(i) Lim Ans. 2
x
4
1  2 sin x
2 cos x  1
Lim 2
(ii) x

  Ans. n2
2 xx   
 2
1
(iii) lim xsin Ans. 0
x 0
x

2. FOR INFINITE LIMITS

x2 1 x 2  4x  5
(i) Lim Ans. 2 lim
(ii) x  3x 2  x3  2 Ans. 0
x  2x  3

3x 2  2 1
(iii) xLim
 x2 Ans.  3 (iv) Lim x sin
x  x Ans. 1
x  sin x
(v) xlim 2 x sin(2x ) Ans. 0 D(vi) xlim x  cos2 x Ans. 1
 

3. Use of expansion for removing indetermination

ex  1  x 1
Lim
(i) x 0 Ans. 2
x2
tan2 x  x 2 2
Lim
(ii) x 0 x 2 tan2 x Ans. 3
use of binomial expansion
1
(7  x)3  2 1
(iii) Lim
x 1 x 1 Ans. 12
1 1
(14  9x)5  (3x  2)3 22
Lim
D(iv) x 2 1 1 Ans. – 15
(2  x)  (5x  6)
2 4

ae x  b
(v) lim = 2. Find a and b. Ans. a = 2, b = 2.
x 0 x

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 A  Bcos x  Csin x
(vi) Lim  2 then find (A, B, C) Ans. A = 4, B = – 4, C = 0
x 0 x2

Aex  Bcos x  ce x

D(vii) Lim  2 then find (A, B, C) Ans. A = 1, B = 2, C = 1
x 0 x sin x
x2
In(1  x)  sin x 
2 1
(viii) Lim Ans. 2
x 0 x tan x sin x

4. L - Hop’tal rule L - gkWfLiVy fu;e

sin2x 2
(i) lim
x  0 sin3x
Ans. 3
e x  e3
(ii) lim
x 3 x3 Ans. e3
xn  an
(iii) Limit
xa xa Ans. n an1
1 x  1 x
D(iv) limx
x 0
Ans. 1
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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 04

Part-I : Limit of the form 1, 0º, º , lhekvksa ds :i] 1, 0º, º

Part-II : Limit of the form  –  and ,  –  okyh lhek,sa rFkk

 n
Part-III : Sand witch Theorem lim , lsaMfop izes;
  e 

Part-IV : Miscellaneous Problems On limits , lhekvks ds mij fofo/k loky

Example :

1. Limits of the Form 1

1ds :i esa lhek
4x2  2 
 2x 2  1  Lim  [x] 
tan x
  
sec x
2
(i) Lim 
x  2x 2  3
 (ii)  (iii) Lim  sin 2 x 
  x
2
x 1
 
1/ x
 2
x
  
(iv) lim  1   (v) lim tan   x  
x   x x 0  4 
Ans. (i) e–8 (ii) 1 (iii) 1 (iv) e2 (v) e2

2. Limit of the form 0º, º,

0º, º ds :i esa lhek

(i) lim (sinx)x D(ii) lim |x|sinx (iii) lim logsin x sin2x (iv) lim (tanx)/2 – x
x 0 x 0 x 0 
x
2

Ans. (i) does not exist (ii) 1 (iii) 1 (iv) 1

3. Limit of the form  – 

 1 2 (2x  3)  1
(i) lim  x – 2 – x3 – 3x 2  2x  Ans.–
x 2 2

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 1
(ii) lim Ans.
x  x2  3x  x  1 2

 In
4. Limit of the form Lim ,
 e 
 In
Lim , ds :i esa lhek &
 e 
Inx x x1000
(i) Lim (ii) Lim (iii) Lim (iv) Lim x x (v) Lim(Inx)x 1
x  x x  e x x  ex 
x 0 
x 1

Ans. (i) 0 (ii) 0 (iii) 0 (iv) 1 (v) 1

5. Sand witch theorem lsaMfop izes;

[x]  [2x]  .......[nx] x

(i) Lim Ans.
n  n2 2

 1 1 1 1 
D(ii) Ev aluate Lim  2  2   .............   Ans. 2
n  n n 1 n2  2 n2  2n 

6. Miscellaneous Problems On Limits

lhekvks ds Åij fofo/k loky
 3 1
r r  r 
n

lim  cot  
1
(i)  Ans.
n  r  1  2  2
 
cos x
(ii) Lim(sec x) Ans. 1

x
2

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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 05

Part-I : Definition of continuity , lr~rrk dh ifjHkk"kk

f (x)
Part-II : Theorems of continuity i.e. discussion about f(x) . g(x), f(x) ± g(x),
g( x )
¼lrr~rk dh izes; f(x).g(x), f(x)g(x), ds ckjs esa ppkZ½
Part-III :
Part-IV :

Essential

1. Find whether f(x) is continuous or not at x = 1 (Kkr djks fd f(x) , x = 1 ij lrr gS ;k ugha½
x
f(x) = sin 2 ; x < 1 = [x] ; x 1 Ans. Continuous

2. If possible find value of  for which f(x) is continuous at x =
2

;fn laHko gks] rks  dk eku Kkr djks ftlds fy, f(x) , x = ij lrr gSA
2
1  sin x 
f(x) = , x
1  cos 2x 2

Page | 5
 
=  x
2
2x   
= x Ans. discontinuous
4  2x    2 2

3. f(x) = x x<1
= x2 x>1 Check continuity of f(x) at x = 1 Ans. discontinuous

4. Find the values of a and b such that the function


Qyu f(x) = x + a 2 sin x ; 0x
4
 
= 2x cot x + b x
4 2

    
= a cos 2x – b sin x 2  x   is continuous at 4 and 2 Ans. a = 6 , b = 12
¼tks x = /4 rFkk /2 ij lrr gS rks a vkSj b dk eku Kkr djksA½
1
5. If ¼;fn½ f(x) = (1  ax ) x , x<0
b , x=0
1
(x  c) 3 1 , x>0
x
1
Then find the values of a, b, c, f(x) is continuous at x = 0 Ans. a = –In 3, b = ,c=1
3
rc a, b, c dk eku Kkr djks ;fn f(x), x = 0 ij larr gSA

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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 06

Part-I : Continuity in an interval , vUrjky esa lrr~rk

Part-II : Continuity of composite function,la;qDr Qyu dh lrr~rk

Part-III :
Part-IV :

Essential
2x  3 , 3  x  2

1. Show that the function f(x) =  x  1 , 2  x  0 is discontinuous at x = 0 and continuous at every
 x2 , 0  x 1

other point in the interval [– 3, 1]
2x  3 , 3  x  2

n'kkZb;s fd Qyu f(x) =  x  1 , 2  x  0 , x = 0 ij vlrr gS rFkk vUrjky [– 3, 1] ds lHkh nwljs
 x2 , 0  x 1

fcUnqvksa ij lrr gSA
1
2. Let ¼ekuk½ f(x) = Lim
n  1  n sin2 x
 
Then find f  4  and also comment on continuity at x = 0 ¼rc f  4  Kkr djks RkFkk x = 0 ij lrr~rk ij
   

Page | 6
 fVIi.kh djksA½
Ans. f (/4) = 0 [Discontinuous]

3. f(x) = Lim
n
(1 + x)n
1
Comment the continuity of f(x) at x = 0 and explain Lim (1  x ) x  e
x 0
1
x = 0 ij f(x) dh lrr~rk ij fVIi.kh djks vkSj vkSj O;k[;k djks Lim (1  x ) x  e Ans. Discontinuous
x 0

x3
4. Determine the set of all points where the function f(x) = 4 | x | is continuous.

x3
Qyu f(x) = 4 | x | tgk¡ ij lrr gS mu fcUnqvksa dk leqPp; Kkr djksA Ans. xR

5. Examine the continuity of f defined as f(x) = |x – 1| + |x + 1| in the interval [–1, 2]

f dh vUrjky [–1, 2] esa lrr~rk dh tk¡p djks tks fd gS f(x) = |x – 1| + |x + 1| }kjk ifjHkkf"kr gSA

6. f(x) = [sin x] 0  x 1

= Sgn  x  5  x  2  1  x  2 , where {.} represents fractional function.

 4  3
tgk¡ {.} fHkUukRed Qyu dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA
Then comment on the continuity of function in the interval 0 to 2.
1 5 5
Ans. Discontinuous at x = , 1, ,
2 3 4
rc vUrjky 0 ls 2 esa Qyu dh larrrk ij fVIi.kh djksA
x 1 1
7. f(x) = and g(x) = , then discuss the continuity of f(x), g(x) and fog (x).
x 1 x2
x 1 1
f(x) = rFkk g(x) = , rc f(x), g(x) rFkk fog (x) dh larr~rk Kkr djksA
x 1 x2
Ans. f is discontinuous at x = 1
g is discontinuous at x = 2
fog is discontinuous at x = 2 and 3

8. If ¼;fn½ f(x) = 1 + x x<0

2x – 1 x  0

g(x) = 4 – x x < –1
2x + 7 x  –1
then find the possible point of discontinuity of gof (x). Also check the discontinuity of all these point.
gof (x) tgk¡ vlr~r gS mu laHko fcUnqvksa dks Kkr djks bu lHkh fcUnqvksa ij vlr~rk dh tkap djksA
Ans. Possible point 0, –2 discontinuous at 0, continuous at – 2
 1

1  x 3 , x  0 ( x  1) 3 , x  0
9. f ( x)   2 g( x )   1

 x  1 , 0  x 
( x  1) , 0  x
2

Then define fog (x) and comment the continuity of gof(x) at x = 1.

rc fog (x) ifjHkkf"kr djks rFkk x = 1 ij gof(x) dh lrr~rk tkap djksA
Ans. [fog(x) = x, x R, gof(x) is discontinuous at x = 1]

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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 07

Part-I : Intermediate value theorem, e/;eku izes;

Page | 7
Part-II : The function is defined by the max & min values of another function i.e.
f(x) = max {g(t) ; 0  t  x}
Qyu tks nwljs Qyu ds egÙke vkSj U;wure eku ds }kjk ifjHkkf"kr gS] tSls f(x) = max {g(t) ; 0  t  x}

Part-III : Concept of tangent & Its association with derivability

Li'kZ js[kk dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk bldh vodyuh;rk ls laca/k

Part-IV : Mathematical definition of derivability, L.H.D. & R.H.D.

vodyuh;rk dh xf.krh; ifjHkk"kk] nk;h vodyuh;rk ck;h vodyuh;rk

Essential

1. Given that a > b > c > d then prove that the equation (x – a) (x – c) + 2(x – b) (x – d) = 0 will have real &
distinct root.
fn;k gS a > b > c > d rc fl) djks fd lehdj.k (x – a) (x – c) + 2(x – b) (x – d) = 0 ds ewy okLrfod o fHkUu
gksaxsA

2. f(x) = xex – 2 then show that f(x) = 0 has exactly one root in the interval (0, 1)
f(x) = xex – 2 rc n'kkZb;s fd f(x) = 0 dk dsoy ,d ewy vUrjky (0, 1) esa gSA


3. f(x) = max (sin t, 0  t  x), 0 x 2 Find f   and f() and draw the graph of f(x).
4

f(x) = egÙke (sin t, 0  t  x), 0  x  2 rc f   vkSj f() Kkr djks rFkk f(x) dk xzkQ [khapksA
4
 1
Ans. f   = , f() = 1
 
4 2

max {f ( t ) , 0  t  x} , 0  x  1
4. Let f(x) = x3 – x2 + x + 1 and g(x) = 
3  x , 1 x  2
Discuss the continuity of g(x) in the interval [0, 2]
vUrjky [0, 2] esa g(x) dh lrr~rk dh tkap djksA

 x , x 1
5. f (x)   2 Comment on the differentiability at x = 1 [Ans. not differentiable]
x , x  1
x = 1 ij vodyuh;rk ij fVIi.kh djksA

6. If ¼;fn½ f(x) = [2x] + x , x<1

{x} + 1 , x1 Comment on the continuity and differentiability at x = 1
x = 1 ij lrrrk vkSj vodyuh;rk ij fVIi.kh djksA
[Ans. not continuous, not differentiable]
 1
7. f(x) = x tan–1   , x 0
x
0 , x=0
Comment on the derivative of f(x) at x = 0
x = 0 ij f(x) ds vodyt ij fVIi.kh djksA
[Ans. not differentiable)

8. f(x) = A + Bx2 , x<1

3Ax – B + 2 , x1 then find A & B so that f(x) become differentiable at x = 1
rc A rFkk B Kkr djks rkfd f(x) , x = 1 ij vodyuh; gksA
[Ans. A = 2, B = 3]

9. f(x) = [cosx] , x1

2{x} – 1 , x>1 Comment on the Derivability at x = 1[Ans. not differentiable]

Page | 8
 x = 1 ij vodyuh;rk ij fVIi.kh djksA
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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 08

Part-I : Association of continuity & Derivability, derivability & continuity

vodyuh;rk rFkk lrrrk] vodyuh;rk rFkk lrrrk ds e/; lEcU/k

Part-II : Derivability in Intervals, points to be checked for derivability

vUrjky esa vodyuh;rk] vodyuh;rk ds fy, fcUnq tk¡p

Part-III : Graphical Interpretation of derivable functions

vodyuh; Qyuksa dk ys[kkfpf=k;
Part-IV :

Essential

x
1. Determine the set of all points where f(x) = 1 | x | is differentiable.

x
mu lHkh fcUnqvksa dk leqPp; Kkr djks tgk¡ f(x) = 1 | x | vodyuh; gSA

2. f(x) = x2sgn[x] + {x} , 0x2

sinx + |x – 3| , 2  x  4 Comment on the continuity and differentiability of f(x) at x = 1,
2
x = 1, 2 ij f(x) dh lrrrk vkSj vodyuh;rk ij fVIi.kh djksA
[Ans. Continous but not differentiable at x = 1, f(x) is discontinuous at x =
2]
 e[ x ]  |x|  2 
3. If f(x) = x  , x0

 [ x ]  {2 x } 
–1 , x=0
Comment on the continuity at x = 0 and also differentiability. [Ans. discontinuous,
nondifferentiable]
x = 0 ij lrrrk vkSj vodyuh;rk ij fVIi.kh djksA

4. f(x) = [x] + |1 – x| , –1  x  3 comment on the continuity and differentiability of f(x)

f(x) dh lrr~rk vkSj vodyuh;rk ij fVIi.kh djksA
[Ans. discontinuous at x = 0, 1, 2, 3]
 1
x   [sin x ] 0  x  1
f (x)  
3
5. , check the continuity and differentiablity of f(x) at x = 1
 4
[2x ] sgn x   1  x  2
 3
[Ans. not differentiable at x = 1]
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Lecture No. of the particular topic : 09

Part-I : Theorems on derivability

vodyuh;rk esa izes;

Part-II :

Page | 9
Part-III :

Part-IV :
Essential

1 ,  2  x  0
1. Let f(x) be defined in the interval [–2, 2] such that f(x) =  and g(x) = f(|x|) + |f(x)|
 x  1, 0  x  2
test the differentiability of g(x) in [–2, 2]
Ans. Continuous for x  [– 2, 2], not differentiable at x = 0, 1.

1  x , x  0
2. f(x) = 
1  x , x  0
then discuss the continuity and differentiability of f(f(x)). Also give a rough sketch of the curve y = f(f(x)).

 x3
 , x0
3. f(x) =  2 g(x) = f(|x|) + |f(x)| then comment on the continuity and differentiability
 x  3x  2 , x  0

of
g(x) by drawing the graph of f(|x|) and |f(x)|. [Ans. discontinuous at x = 0 non differentiable at x=0,
1, 2}]

4. If ¼;fn½ f(x) = |1 – 4x2|, 0  x 1

[x2 – 2x] , 1 x  2 then draw the graph of f(x) and comment on the continuity and
differentiability of f(x)
1
[Ans. discontinuous at x = 1, 2 not differentiable at x = , 1, 2]
2

________________________________________________________________________________________

Lecture No. of the particular topic : 10

f(a  g(h))  f(a  p(h))

Part-I :
g(h)  p(h)

Part-II : Finding functions satisfying given conditions

nh xbZ 'krks± dks larq"V djus okys Qyu dks Kkr djukA

Part-III : Miscellaneous

Part-IV :

f(a  2h)  f(a  3h)

1. Evaluate Lim if f(a) = 3. [Ans. {15}]
h0 h
f(2  h)  f(2  sinh) 2
2. If f(2) = 4 then find the value of Lim  [Ans. ]
h0 hsinh tanh 3

3. If f(x) is a function satisfying the relation for all x, y R.

f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) and if f (0) = 2 and function is differentiable every where then find f(x)
[Ans. f(x) = 2x]
 x  y  f(x)  f(y)
4. f   x, y  R and f(0) = 1 & f (0)  1 and f(x) is differentiable  x  R then find f(x).
 2  2
[Ans. f(x) = 1
– x]

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5. f(x+y) = f(x) f(y)  x, y R and f(x) is a differentiable function and f(0) = 1, f(x)  0  x  R. Find f(x).
[Ans. f(x) =
ex]

6. Let a polynomial 'f' satisfy

 1  1
f(x) + f   = f (x) . f   . If f(3) = – 26, find f(4) Ans. – 63
x x

7. Let a function satisfy f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y  R, where f (1) = 3.
10
Find  f(r)
r 1
Ans. 165

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