CHAPTER 4: DESIGN PROCESS

The Engineering design of the structure was done with accordance to various
codes and standards. The proposed structure focuses exclusively in the use of
Reinforced Concrete in drafting the substructure and superstructure of the
building. Different codes that are used in the design were specified and
elaborated in Chapter 3.

4.1 Design Methodology

The Engineering design of the structure was done with accordance to various codes
and standards. The proposed structure focuses exclusively in the use of Reinforced
Concrete in drafting the substructure and superstructure of the building. Different codes
that are used in the design were specified and elaborated in Chapter 3.
4.2 Structural Design

In this particular subchapter, the designer followed a flow chart to guide the
design activities as shown in Figure 4-1. First, we modeled the whole structure
using STAADPro V8i from the framing plan models shown in the next
subchapter. Then we specified the geometric condition at the ends of the
beams

Figure 4-1. Design Stage Process

connected to the columns. For a Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF), all
rotational and translational displacement was modeled zero. Material
properties modeling followed for all the frames and plates. All supports were
set as fixed. Load modeling proceeds considering dead loads, live loads,
seismic loads and wind loads. After all the physical modeling was finished, the
structure was analyzed. Manual computations, detailing and scheduling of the
 structural members proceeds. Then, beams, column and slabs were designed
and analyzed. The designers followed a certain guide process in designing the
structure. The design flowchart (shown in figure 4-1) was the step by step
process of the design activities. As shown in the flowchart, the first part was
geometric modeling. The lay-out plans were conceptualized with accordance
to the National Building Code of the Philippines. Subsequently, the
consideration of the particular design specifications and the material properties
that will be used were also specified. The design methodology used was
conformed to the current standards and codes indicated in the 2015 National
Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). Then the designers come up with
the engineered structure models through the use of STAAD Pro. Then the
structural analysis was done to calculate necessary structural data. Then the
structural members were designed.

4.2 Geometric Modeling

Figure 4-2. Geometric Model of the Structure

4.3 Framing Plans

Figure 4-3. Roof Deck Framing Plan

Figure 4-4. Fifth Floor Framing Plan
Figure 4-5. Fourth Floor Framing Plan
Figure 4-6. Third Floor Framing Plan
Figure 4-7. Second Floor Framing Plan
4.4 Load Diagrams

Figure 4-8. Shear Diagram

Figure 4-9. Moment Diagram

Figure 4-10. Earthquake Load Diagram

Figure 4-11. Wind Load Diagram

4.5 Load Combinations
4.5.1 Load Case 1 (1.2DL + 1.6LL)

Figure 4-12. Load Case 1

4.5.2 Load Case 2 (1.2DL + 1.6Lr + 0.8W)

Figure 4-13. Load Case 2