1. What do you understand by communication in Management?

What are the

common barriers to effective communication?

 A Communication Process, or Communications Management Process, is a set of

steps that are taken every time formal communications are undertaken in an
organization. A Communications Process is undertaken as part
of Communications Management and helps to ensure that your stakeholders are
kept regularly informed.
The common barriers to effective communication:

 The use of jargon- Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms.

 Emotional barriers and taboos. Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or
irrelevance to the receiver.
 Differences in perception and viewpoint.
 Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties.
 Physical barriers to non-verbal communication.
 Language differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents.
 Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or
stereotyping. 
 Cultural differences.

2. “Knowingly or unknowingly, we are always communicating”. Explain the meaning

of this statement.

3. What means are available to a manager so that he/she can communicate his/her
decisions in an organisation?

 Means that are available to a manager so that he/she can communicate his/her
decisions in an organisation:
 Meetings
 Telephone
 Face-to-Face
 Writing

4. Describe the major Human and Inter-personnel skills a Manager should possess.

 Major Human and Inter-personnel skills a Manager should possess are:

 Conceptual skills
 Technical skills 
 Verbal communication
 Nonverbal communication
 Listening skills
 Negotiation skills
 Problem-solving

5. What are the Major Skills that would determine the success of a Manager?

 These six skills are essential in a small business manager:

 Multi-tasking.
 Decision-making.
  Leadership.
 Motivation.
 Business Development Skills.
 Effective Communication.

6. Enumerate the various Leadership theories and describe the Trait theory.

 The list of leadership theories are:

 Great man theory
 Trait theory
 Behavioral theory
 Contingency theory
 Transactional leadership theory
 Transformational leadership theory

The trait leadership theory believes that people are either born or are made with
certain qualities that will make them excel in leadership roles. That is, certain
qualities such as intelligence, sense of responsibility, creativity and other values puts
anyone in the shoes of a good leader.

7. What is your understanding of the term Motivation in Management? How can

motivation be built in a person.
Motivation in management is the process through which managers encourage
employees to be productive and effective. Motivation actually describes the level of
desire employees feel to perform, regardless of the level of happiness. Employees
who are adequately motivated to perform will be more productive, more engaged and
feel more invested in their work. When employees feel these things, it helps them,
and thereby their managers, be more successful.

8. Describe Ethos, Ethics, Values and Culture and their relationships. What are the
ethical guidelines a Manager ought to follow?
 An ethos is the set of ideas and attitudes that is associated with a particular
group of people or a particular type of activity.
Ethics is defined as a moral philosophy or code of morals practiced by a
person or group of people. An example of ethics is a the code of conduct set by
a business.
Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses
of actions or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and
wrong or what "ought" to be.
A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values,
and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that
are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the
next. Culture is symbolic communication.
Ethical guidelines a Manager ought to follow are:
 The foremost goal of managers is to make their organizations effective.
 Profit maximisation and stakeholders’ interests were not the central goals of the
managers studied.
 Attending to customers was seen as important.
 Integrity was the characteristic most highly rated by managers at all levels.
 Pressure to conform to organisational standards was seen as high.
 Spouses are important in helping their mates grapple with ethical dilemmas.
 Most managers seek the advice of others in handling ethical dilemmas.
9. Explain the term Effectiveness. Why being merely efficient is not enough?

 The degree to which objectives are achieved and the extent to which targeted
problems are solved. In contrast to efficiency, effectiveness is determined
without reference to costs and, whereas efficiency means "doing the thing right,"
effectiveness means "doing the right thing."

10. What do you understand by professionalism? What are the characteristics of

Professionalism, explain.

 Professionalism means possessing the qualities of a professional. They are

passion for one’s work, quality consciousness, quest for excellence, open mind
always willing to learn from mistakes and negative feedback if any, taking
accolades in stride. You should be a leader as well as a team member and last
but not the least humility and empathy
The characteristics of Professionalism are:
1. A Neat Appearance- A professional is neat in appearance. Pay attention to detail to
help you meet or exceed the requirements of your company’s dress code. Pay extra
attention to your appearance when you meet with potential clients. Look sharp and
organized: Iron your clothes, polish your shoes, and practice good hygiene and
grooming.

 2. Proper Demeanor- Your demeanor should express confidence, but not attitude. Be
polite and well-spoken 100 percent of the time. Whether you’re speaking with customers,
superiors, or co-workers keep calm and be tactful, even in tense situations. The next
potential customer or superior could be standing around the corner.

 3. Reliable- As a professional, you are expected to get work done on time. Respond to
requests promptly and follow-through with promises in timely fashion. Set benchmarks
and meet them to demonstrate reliability.

 4. Competent- Become an expert in your field: Continue your education, attend
seminars, and attain relevant professional designations. Remain teachable. Knowledge is
power!

 5. Communicator- Your letters and emails should be brief and to the point. Keep your
tone polite and formal. Make sure you have a professional signature and email address.

 6. Good Phone Etiquette- Identify yourself with your full name, company, and title when
placing and/or answering a call. Do not dominate the conversation; listen intently and
process what the other person is saying. Do not use slang terms and mind your tone of
voice. Smile while you talk: The caller can’t see it, but they can hear it in your voice.

 7. Poised- Maintain your composure, even when facing a difficult situation. If a customer
or superior is being belligerent, do not demonstrate the same type of behavior. Diffuse
the situation with your professional demeanor and move on.
 8. Ethical- Doctors, lawyers, and other professionals must adhere to a strict code of
ethics. Certified members of the AAPC also have a code of ethics to follow. It is
imperative to display ethical behavior at all times, on the clock, or off.

 9. Organized- A professional can find what is needed with little or no effort. Keep your
area neat and organized for easy execution of tasks. Keep an updated appointment
book. Carry only the necessary contents for the day in your briefcase. Clutter in your
workspace creates clutter in your mind.

 10. Accountable- Take responsibility for your actions. Own your mistake, work to
resolve it, and fix it as soon as possible. Even better: Learn from your mistakes. Lead by
this example to create trust.

11. What are the basic duties of an Ethical manager?

 Basic duties of an Ethical manager

 The organization’s chief executive must fully support the program.
 Consider establishing an ethics committee at the board level.
 Consider establishing an ethics management committee.
 Consider assigning/developing an ethics officer.
 Consider establishing an ombudsperson.