Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

TIME: 2 ½ HOURS MARKS: 150

INSTRUCTIONS

o Answer ALL questions

o Answer Sections A, B & C in the Answer Book

o Draw a right hand margin on each page to facilitate marking

o Start each main question on a new page

o Write your NAME on the Question Paper and hand in separately

o Make sure your numbering is precise and clear

o Make sure your answers are concise, logical and neat

o Check the mark allocation for each question and write accordingly

Note: This paper includes content on Homeostasis and Meiosis. Use these questions as
research to develop understanding.

This paper consists of 23 pages including the

coversheet and ONE ADDENDUM

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

SECTION A

QUESTION 1
1.1 Various possibilities are given as answers to the following questions.
Answer by writing ONLY the letter of the most correct answer on your foolscap provided.

1.1.1 The diagram below shows the structure of a relaxed myofibril. Study the diagram and
answer the question that follows.

A
B

C
Identify labels A, B and C.
A B C
A A - Band M - Line Sarcomere

B Sarcomere H - Zone M - Line

C H - Zone Z - Line A - Band
D M - Line Sarcomere Z - Line

1.1.2 The graphs show the quantities of selected vitamins and minerals in four foods.

Which food is the richest source of the vitamin or mineral essential for the transport of
oxygen by the blood?

A beans
B eggs
C fish
D fruit

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

1.1.3 All living organisms must have the following characteristics:

1. excretion
2. response to stimuli
3. reproduction
4. adaptation

A 1, 2 and 3 only
B 1, 2 and 4 only
C 2, 3 and 4 only
D all of the above

1.1.4 The drawings show the structure of three types of blood vessel, P, Q and R.
They are drawn to the scales indicated.

P Q R
Which of the following statements are correct with respect to the blood vessels
shown above?

A P is a blood vessel that transports blood to the heart

B Q is a capillary with a thick muscular wall for diffusion
C R is an artery with a thin lining of squamous epithelium for diffusion
D Q only transports oxygenated blood

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

1.1.5 The diagram shows tissue fluid and body cells surrounding a capillary in a leg.

B
2
A
1 Body cells
Tissue fluid

Venule end
Arteriole end of capillary
of capillary Filtration

C3 blood cell
Red

D4

Which one of the following does NOT correctly describe labels 1 – 4?

A 1 is tissue fluid that bathes the cells and provides oxygen and nutrients
B 2 are body cells that release CO2 and waste products directly into lymph and back
into the blood
C 3 is a red blood cell travelling to the heart with low O2 and high CO2
D 4 indicates the direction of blood plasma movement by diffusion

1.1.6 The diagram shows a section through part of the skin. The muscle labelled X controls
the flow of blood into the skin capillary. When muscle X contracts, the flow of blood into
the skin capillary reduces.
Hair

Skin capillary
Sweat gland

Muscle X Deep blood vessel

Direction of
blood flow

Which of the following occurs during cold conditions?

Blood Flow to
Muscle X Hair Heat Loss
Skin
A relaxes less lies flat decreases
B relaxes more becomes erect increases
C contracts less becomes erect decreases
D contracts more lies flat remains constant
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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

1.1.7 The diagram below shows the structure of the human skull. Study the diagram and
answer the questions that follow.

B C

Identify labels A, B, C and D.

A B C D
A Nasal Bone Maxilla Zygomatic bone Mandible
B Nasal Bone Mandible Zygomatic bone Maxilla
C Maxilla Mandible Nasal bone Zygomatic done
D Nasal Bone Maxilla Zygomatic bone Mandible

1.1.8 The diagram shows a simplified version of a type of cell division

Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to this process shown below?
The diagram illustrates …..

A meiosis with G representing identical daughter cells

B mitosis with G representing identical gametes
C meiosis with G representing different gametes
D mitosis with G representing different daughter cell

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

1.1.9 DIAGRAM TO SHOW HOW DOLLY THE SHEEP WAS CLONED

Which one of the following statements is FALSE of the process illustrated above?
A Dolly will have the same genes as Sheep Y
B There is no sperm cell involved in the process
C Dolly is a clone of sheep X
D The embryo grows and develops by mitosis in the foster mother’s uterus

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

1.1.10 The diagram below shows the structure of the joint. Study the diagram answer the
question that follows.

1
2
7

6 4

5
Provide functions for labels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7.

1 2 3 4 7
A Attaches Prevents Support and Reduces Contracts and
muscle to friction rigidity friction relaxes to
bone between move bone
bones
B Support and Contracts and Reduces Support and Prevents
rigidity relaxes to friction rigidity friction
move bone between
bones
C Prevents Attaches Reduces Contracts and Support and
friction muscle to friction relaxes to rigidity
between bone move bone
bones
D Prevents Attaches Support and Reduces Contracts and
friction muscle to rigidity friction relaxes to
between bone move bone
bones

10 x 2 /20/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

1.2 WRITE THE CORRECT BIOLOGICAL TERM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ON
YOUR FOOLSCAP PAGE.

1.2.1 The first seven vertebra

1.2.2 Membranous soft spots found on an infant’s head

1.2.3 A genetic disease that causes weakness or breakdown of skeletal muscles that
control movement

1.2.4 Diagram of arrangement of chromosomes

1.2.5 Type of joint that allows a movement of 180° in one direction

1.2.6 Microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells

1.2.7 Type of circulation where blood is pumped out into a body cavity and diffuses back
to circulatory system between cells

1.2.8 A mixture of two liquids that would ordinarily not mix together

1.2.9 Block of DNA coding for a specific characteristic

1.2.10 Largest lymphatic organ that is used to salvage iron

/10/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

1.3 EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS CONSISTS OF A STATEMENT IN THE

FIRST COLUMN AND TWO ITEMS (A AND B) IN THE SECOND COLUMN.
DECIDE WHICH ITEM/S RELATE/S TO THE STATEMENT.
WRITE YOUR CHOICE ON THE FOOLSCAP BY USING THE FOLLOWING
CODES:
A Only if only item A relates to the statement
B Only if only item B relates to the statement
Both A & B if both items, A and B relate to the statement
NONE if neither of the items relates to the statement

1.3.1 Thymus Gland A Decreases in size as you get older

B Matures red blood cells

1.3.2 Sympathetic Nervous System A Increases heart rate

B Increases blood pressure

1.3.3 Ligaments A Attach muscle to bone

B White fibrous connective tissue

1.3.4 Simple squamous epithelium A Secrete mucus from goblet cells

B Contains cilia

1.3.5 Golgi apparatus A Enlarges membranes

B Contains thylakoids

5 X 2 /10/

1.4 An investigation was carried out to study the effect of physical training on recovery
time. The investigation was carried out as described below.

• Twenty students did an exercise test.

• Their heart rates were recorded before, during and after the exercise test.
• The students then did a training programme for 8 weeks.
• At the end of the training programme, the twenty students repeated the exercise
test.
• Average heart rates were calculated.
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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

The graph below shows the results of this investigation.

1.4.1 State a hypothesis for this investigation. (2)

1.4.2 State the dependent variable. (1)

1.4.3 State any TWO controlled variables. (2)

1.4.4 State ONE planning step in this investigation. (1)

1.4.5 What was the percentage increase in average heart rate during minutes 2 and 3
for a participant after the program? (2)

1.4.6 State a conclusion for this investigation. (2)

/10/

QUESTION 1: [50]

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

QUESTION 2
2.1 The diagram below shows the structures of the both a plant and an animal cell.
Study the diagams and answer the questions that follow.

2.1.1 Provide numbers for each of the following:

a) 1
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5 (4)

2.1.2 State the numbers for each of the following functions:

a) Contains all the DNA

b) Involved in photosynthesis
c) Site of protein synthesis
d) Involved in the production of ATP (4)

/8/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

2.2 Samples of carrot tissue were immersed in a hypotonic solution [a lower concentration
of dissolves solutes] at two different temperatures for 5 hours. The mass of the tissue
samples was measured every hour and the percentage change in mass calculated.

The results are shown on the graph. Study the graph and answer the questions
that follow.

2.2.1 Define osmosis. (2)

2.2.2 Explain the results obtained at 20 °C from:

a) 0 to 3 hours (1)
b) 3 to 5 hours (1)

2.2.3 Explain the change in mass of the carrot tissue between 1 and 3 hours at 50 °C. (2)

/6/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

2.3 The diagram below shows a cell going through a certain process. Study the
diagram answer the questions that follow.

2.3.1 Provide a suitable heading for the diagram above. (1)

2.3.2 Name the type of cell division shown above. Give a reason for your answer. (2)

2.3.3 State in point form TWO ways this cell introduces variation. (2)

2.3.4 State TWO importances of meiosis. (2)

2.3.5 Draw a fully labelled diagram to show what one cell will look like in metaphase 2. (4)

/10/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

2.4 The graph shows how the amount of DNA in a cell varies during mitosis. Study
the graph and answer the questions that follow.

2.4.1 What phase is taking place at Q? (1)

2.4.2 Explain why an increase in the amount of DNA is important in the cell cycle. (1)

2.4.3 What is happening during phase S? (1)

2.4.4 State TWO differences between mitosis and meiosis. (2)

/5/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

2.5 The diagram below shows three organic compounds as well as the elements
and simple structure they consist of. Study the diagram and answer the
questions that follow.

2.5.1 Complete box 1 by stating the simple structure of proteins (1)

2.5.2 Complete box 2 by stating any TWO elements found in carbohydrates. (2)

/3/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

2.6 The diagram shows stages during an enzyme-catalysed reaction. Study the
diagram and answer the questions that follow.

2.6.1 Identify structures D and F. (2)

2.6.2 Name the type of reaction taking place in the diagram. (1)

/3/

2.7 A protease is an enzyme that digests protein. The graph shows how the activity
of a protease varies with temperature. Study the graph and answer the
questions that follow.

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

2.7.1 Describe the trend of the graph between temperatures 200C and 500C. (2)

2.7.2 What is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? (1)

2.7.3 Briefly account for the drop in temperature taking place between 300C and 500C. (2)

/5/

QUESTION 2: [40]

QUESTION 3
3.1 The diagram below shows different types of mammalian tissues. Study the
diagram and answer the questions that follow.

A B

C D

E F

3.1.1 Provide names for each of the following tissues:

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

a) A
b) C
c) F (3)

3.1.2 State ONE function for each of the following:

a) B
b) C
c) F (3)

3.1.3 Tabulate TWO structural differences between tissues B and D. (5)

/11/

3.2. The diagram below shows the structure of the pectoral girdle. Study the diagram
and answer the questions that follow.

X A

C B

3.2.1 Provide labels for:

a) A
b) B
c) C (3)

3.2.2 Provide a function for X. (1)

/4/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

3.3 The graph below shows the relationship between average bone strength and age
in human females.

3.3.1 Describe the changes in average bone strength after age 40. (2)

3.3.2 At what age is average bone strength the greatest? (1)

3.3.3 For how long does average bone strength remain above a value of 160MPa? (1)

/4/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

3.4 The diagram below represents the human circulatory system. Study the diagram
and answer the questions that follow.

3.4.1 State whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated in vessels:

a) P
b) Q (2)

3.4.2 Provide names for each of the following:

a) S
b) R (2)

3.4.3 Use ADDENDUM A and draw arrows at P and Q to show the direction of blood
flow in these vessels. (2)

/6/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

3.5 A stent is a narrow, wire mesh tube that can be inserted into a blood vessel. It
may be used to treat atherosclerosis in the blood vessels of the heart. The
diagram below shows a blood vessel before and after the procedure to insert a
stent. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

3.5.1 Name the blood vessels that deliver blood to the myocardium. (1)

3.5.2 Briefly describe how atherosclerosis develops. (1)

3.5.3 The graph below shows the volume changes in a blood vessel in the heart as a
result of a stent being fitted. Study the graph and answer the questions that
follow.

Use the data to explain how the procedure achieves increased blood flow. (2)

/4/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

3.6 Doctors use Zevalin to kill cancerous B-cells. Zevalin is an antibody which has a
highly radioactive substance called yttrium attached to it. The antibody binds to
the surface of B-cells and the radioactivity kills the cells.

The cancerous B-cells are found mainly in the lymphatic system of patients.
Before treating any patient with Zevalin containing yttrium, doctors test the patient
with a different form of Zevalin. This form has radioactive indium attached to the
antibody instead of yttrium. The radioactivity from indium is strong enough for
doctors to detect but not strong enough to kill a patient’s cells.

The diagram shows the lymphatic systems of two patients, P and Q, after being
given Zevalin with indium. The crosses (+) show where indium was detected.

3.6.1 Name ONE function of B-cells. (1)

3.6.2 State TWO ways lymph is moved by the body. (2)

3.6.3 State ONE function of the lymphatic system. (1)

3.6.4 The doctors decided they could treat Patient P with Zevalin containing yttrium but
not Patient Q.

Suggest why Patient P could be treated with Zevalin containing yttrium and
Patient Q could not. (2)

3.6.5 Suggest one reason for the difference in distribution of the radioactivity detected
in these patients. (1)

3.6.6 The antibody in Zevalin comes from mice. Patients are tested for antibodies
against Zevalin before treatment for their cancer. Suggest why? (1)

/8/

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

3.7 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Current dietary advice is that a healthy diet should be high in fruit and vegetables and low in salt and
fat. When you eat more salt, you retain more water in your body and this increases your blood
pressure. The higher your blood pressure during childhood, the higher it will be when you become an
adult. High blood pressure accelerates atheroma formation. Due to their high salt diet, many young
children are showing early signs of atheroma formation. A meal of a burger and chips may contain up
to 4.2 g of salt. This is more than the recommended 3 g daily maximum for a child.

Many studies show that drinking fizzy drinks containing the disaccharide, sucrose, is what makes
children obese. The more salt they eat, the thirstier these children get and the more fizzy drinks they
drink. In one study, this extra intake was estimated to give an extra energy intake of 1160 joules per
day. An extra energy intake of 32 300 joules produces approximately 1 kg of body fat. As a result,
children on high salt diets who drink fizzy drinks put on mass unless 15 they exercise to compensate.

500 cm3 of a fizzy drink may contain more than 13 teaspoons of sucrose. Some children drink fruit
juices instead of fizzy drinks. A 170 cm3 serving of orange juice contains 3 teaspoons of
monosaccharide, fructose. Vegetables such as cabbage and carrots contain very little sucrose or
fructose.

3.7.1 What does a high salt diet cause in young children? (1)

3.7.2 Why are fizzy drinks making children obese? (1)

3.7.3 Why are vegetables good to have in a person’s diet? (1)

/3/

QUESTION 3: [40]

QUESTION 4
4. Norbita has been running the Comrades Marathon for eight hours. She carbo-
loaded for two days before the race. She is hot and thirsty, and the sweat is
pouring off her body and she is breathing rapidly. She also felt as though her
energy levels were decreasing but after a period of time her energy levels
returned. When Norbita finished the race she submerged herself into an ice bath
to try and prevent muscle cramps.

Write an essay that describes how Norbita’s is regulating her body temperature
during the race as well as when she is submerged into the ice bath. Also discuss
the negative feedback effect of glucose from the beginning of carbo-loading, to
her decreased energy levels and how her glucose levels were returned to normal
again. (17)
Synthesis (3)

QUESTION 4: [20]

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Grade 10 Life sciences November paper 1

ADDENDUM A (question 3.4.3):

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