Exercises Lecture 1 - Answers

Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
Ir. Nando Timmer
Salomon Voorhoeve
Delft University of Technology

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 AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering

Exercise 1
The specific volume is defined as the inverse of the density, and hence has units m3 /kg.

Exercise 2 p
Using the equation of state, we can write p = ρRT , or ρ = RT . Filling in the values gives:

2 · 101325
ρ= = 2.475 kg/m3
287.0 · 285.25
The specific volume can then be calculated by taking the inverse of the density:
1
ν= = 0.404 m3 /kg
ρ

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Exercise 3

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B) The most frequently used line in aerodynamics is the streamline, which is tangential to the

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velocity at every point on the line. The others are respectively a pathline, a timeline and a streak-
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line.
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Exercise 4
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The fluid flowing along the streamline that passed through point A comes to a complete stop. The
pressure there is called the total pressure, or stagnation pressure.
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Exercise 5
B & C) In the lecture, Mr. Timmer explained that the friction force and the gravity force are
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neglected in the derivation. The force due to pressure, however, is not.

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Exercise 6
D) Both the Euler and the continuity equation were derived for steady flow. The Euler equation
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was derived for frictionless flow. Therefore neither statement is correct. We will see how important
it is to remember the assumptions underlying the derivations in the following lectures.
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Answers to Exercises Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of Aerodynamics 1
 AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering

Exercise 7
A) The mass flow is given as

ṁ = ρAV = 1.225 · 4 · 50 = 245 kg/s

B) This mass flow is constant for a steady flow. In the cross-section, this mass flow has the same
value, and hence the velocity there can be calculated:
ṁ 245
V = = = 15.9155 m/s
ρA 1.225 · π · 22

Exercise 8
We first express the free-stream velocity in m/s,s V∞ = 41.67 m/s. We can now use Bernoulli’s

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law:
1 2 1 2
ρV = p∞ + ρV∞ − pA

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2 A 2

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Filling in this equation gives:

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1.01 · 105 + 12 · 1.225 · 41.672 − 9.95 · 104
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VA = = 64.69 m/s
0.5 · 1.225
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Exercise 9
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Along a streamline, the total pressure is constant. The total pressure in the test section is the sum
of the static and the dynamic pressure:
1 1
ptot = p1 + ρV 2 = 101325 + · 1.225 · 302 = 101876 Pa
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2 2
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This total pressure is constant along a streamline, and since the velocity in the reservoir is zero,
the total pressure equals the static pressure there. Hence in the reservoir the static pressure is also
101,876 Pa.
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Exercise 10
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The pitot tube measures the difference between the total pressure and the pressure given to it
by the static port. The total pressure for this aircraft is the sum of the static pressure plus the
dynamic pressure, so
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1
ptot = 101325 + · 1.225 · 252 = 101708 Pa
2
The difference between this total pressure and the static pressure that the pitot tube still ’feels’
(101,708-96,610=5098 Pa) can be used to calculate the indicated airspeed:
s
5097
V = 1 = 91.23 m/s
2 · 1.225

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2 Answers to Exercises Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of Aerodynamics

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