Unit 3

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Structural elements 

means the roof, exterior facades, interior load bearing walls, support
beams and columns, foundation and footings, concrete floor slab and windows of the Building
and of the Parking Facilities. Structural elements means the roofs, the foundations, exterior
walls, and load bearing walls and columns.

structural member - support that is a constituent part of any structure or building
beam - long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction
bracing, brace - a structural member used to stiffen a framework
plate structural member consisting of a horizontal beam that provides bearing and anchorage
riser - structural member consisting of the vertical part of a stair or step
sill structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member 
of a framework or supporting structure
structure, construction a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts;"thes
tructure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of
 whirls and ribbons"
support any device that bears the weight of another thing; "there was no place to attach supports for a 
shelf"
tread - structural member consisting of the horizontal part of a stair or step
upright, vertical - a vertical structural member as a post or stake; "the ball sailed between the uprights"

A catenary arch is a type of architectural arch that follows an inverted catenary curve.


The catenary curve has been employed in buildings since ancient times. It forms an underlying
principle to the overall system of vaults and buttresses in stone vaulted Gothic cathedrals and in
Renaissance domes.
Catenaries and related curves are used in architecture and engineering, in
the design of bridges and arches, so that forces do not result in bending
moments.

Inverted catenary arch

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