INTRODUCTION

Water is the most abundant compound on earth and has unique chemical and physical
properties. Every living thing requires water. Man can go nearly 2 months without food but can
live only 3-4 days without water. Water is the only substance on earth that exist naturally in
liquid, solid, and gaseous form. It has been and will always be necessity to humanity. Plant and
animals including human being require water to carry out their life functions. The earth’s water
also regulates, stimulates and runs industries.
Human beings need water to sustain life and raise food. But the industrial development,
the rapid technological change and the desire for labor saving conveniences have greatly
increased the demand and not only the need for water. This increasing demand for water is not
mainly because of population growth but also due to urbanization, industrialization and specially,
the extension of agriculture, particularly irrigated agriculture.
A water supply system capable of supplying sufficient quantity of potable water is a
necessity for a modern society. Public supply of water must satisfy the quantity and quality of
water that has been consumed and used by the public. The sources of supply, storage facilities
and distribution facilities for water are elements that make up the modern water supply system.
The primary source of fresh water is precipitation, but human needs can also be met from water
coming from a spring.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main objective of the study is to provide an effective and adequate water distribution
system to help address the water needs of the people of Barangay Mayasang, Lemery, Batangas.
Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the present condition of the water distribution system in Barangay Mayasang,
Lemery, Batangas in terms of:
a. Distribution facilities
b. Storage facilities
c. Energy facilities
d. Maintenance
2. What are the factors necessary for designing a water distribution system?
3. What is the recommended design of water supply that will meet the project demand?
4. What is the management scheme and the estimated cost of the project that may be
considered on the implementation of the project?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aims to develop an improved system of the distribution that lessens the
shortage of water supply in this locality. The study provides some insights and
information on how to improve the system of distribution water.
 This study can benefit local planning officials and future researchers as they can
use the design as reference should a distribution system plan be realized.
This study hopes to benefit residents of Barangay Mayasang, Lemery, Batangas
and provide them of a better system of distribution of water in the community so that
each gets access to source of water at the same time.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study aims to provide a design of water distribution supply to meet
sufficiently the demands of the people. There are factors to be considered in designing a
water distribution system. These are the population projection based upon the NSO data,
the individual demands of water and the compliance with the Philippine National
Standards for drinking water.
This study also includes the process by which the supply of water is distributed.
The scope was limited only to the design of the whole system. This system includes the
design of the pump and energy services that could be required from the system but the
construction proper in not included. It also includes the estimate of the associated cost of
the project. It does not include the treatment of water and quality of water.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

To be able to enrich the framework of the study, conceptual and research
literatures are presented in this chapter.
CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE
Sources of water
There are three possible sources of water for human consumption. One is
rainwater collected from roofs of buildings or special water shed and stored in cistern or
ponds. I some rural areas of the country, rain water is use for all domestic and farm
purposes including drinking. It is a soft water therefore in regions where groundwater is
especially hard, these water are frequently used as a source of water supply in homes.
Another source of water is the natural surface waters from streams, lakes and
ponds, which is used extensively for irrigation, for industrial purposes and for city water
supply. When used for city water supplies, surface water must be treated by filtration and
chlorination to make them suitable for human consumption.
Another principal source of water for domestic use in rural areas is groundwater
from springs and wells. Some cities also use groundwater from wells. The character of
groundwater from springs and wells depends upon the nature and condition of the soil
and rock though which it passes. If it contacts very little soluble material, it will be soft
water and because of filtering action of the soil, it may be cleaner and purer than
rainwater.
Uses of water
The domestic use of water includes water furnished to houses, hotels and other
residential buildings for sanitary, culinary, drinking, washing, bathing and other
purposes. It varies according to living conditions of consumers.
The water is said to be of commercial use when it furnishes industrial and
commercial plants. Its importance will depend upon local conditions such as the
existence of large industries and whether or not the industries patronize the public water
works. Self-supplied industrial water requirements are estimated to be more than 200
percent of municipal water demand.
Public use of water includes the utilization of water for public buildings such as city
halls, jails and schools as well as public service furnishing streets and fire protection for
which the city is not paid.
Water distribution system
Water system refers to the facilities and equipment used for delivering water from
a sources to a system of supply. These includes pumps, reservoirs, tanks, connecting
pipes, fittings, valves and control.
Without a water system, water must be dipped, bailed, pumped and carried by
hand. Pumping and carrying by hand are strenuous and sometimes unpleasant especially
during rainy seasons, it is also expensive in terms of the amount of water needed in
several times as much as for household uses. For these reasons, it is much better and
cheaper to use a water system of some kind in conjunction with a system of supplying
plumbing.
The objectives of the municipal water system are to provide safe, potable water
for domestic use, adequate quantity of water at sufficient pressure for fire protection, and
industrial water for manufacturing. A typical water works consists of a source-treatment-
pumping and distribution system. Sources for municipal supplies are deep wells, shallow
wells, river, lakes and springs. About two thirds of the water for public supplies comes
from surface water sources. Large cities generally use major rivers or lakes to meet their
high demand, whereas the majority of towns use well water if available. Often
groundwater is of adequate quality to preclude treatment other than chlorination and
fluorination. Wells can then be located at several points within the municipality; water
can be pumped directly into the distribution system. However, where extensive
processing is needed, the well pumps, or low-lift pumps from the surface water intake,
convey the raw water to the treatment plant site. A large reservoir of treated water
provides reserves for the high demand periods and equalizing of pumping rates. The high
lift pumps deliver treated water under high pressure through transmissions mains to
distribution piping and storage.
The amount of water required by a municipality depends on industrial use
climate, and economic consideration. Although industries in the rural countryside
frequently maintain private water systems, major plants in urban areas rely on the
municipal waterworks. Although water rates have increased significantly during the past
decade, residential water use has continued to rise approximately one percent per year.
Water used in waterworks design depends on the magnitude and variations in municipal
water consumption and the reserve needed for fire fighting.

CHAPTER III

TECHNCAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

This chapter presents the method used for information gathering, evaluation and
design, and the schedule of project implementation of the proposed water distribution
system at …..
Technical Description
The researchers focused on basic research to gather necessary information
regarding water distribution system and other related studies regarding water supply and
water treatment process. Most information came from books and other pertinent reading
materials, and also from the internet. Interviews were also conducted to gather other
related information that can be considered before proceeding to the design stage.
Aside from conducting library research, the researchers also conducted ocular
inspection to assess the site themselves. They visited the current sources of water and
other facilities in the system like pipelines and tank several times to determine which of
those facilities needs improvement and those that should be preserved. After analysing
the gather data, the researchers prepared the plan of activities for the preliminary design
of the entire water distribution system.
The researcher take into consideration the proper location of the site in the
barangay which is necessary for the proper planning of the proposed project. Proper
allocation of every structure must be accessible to avoid the delay in fixing some
problems throughout the system. The fundamental requirement in designing a water
distribution system includes the assessment of naturally occurring phenomena to which
the system will be subjected. Considering the proposed water distribution system at
barangay ____________, the researchers gather the required parameters for design
calculation. After consolidating the data and necessary information, the researcher will
come up with the detailed design presentation.
The concept of this study is to utilized the position of the storage tank and
reservoir to be at (what part. Norther…. Etc) where the site terrain has higher elevation
than the southern part. The concept of the study was developed because the present
condition of the site is not located in the highest point in the barangay and only produce a
minimum amount of discharge. Considering the pipelines, it is convenient in that
barangay to follow the existing roads because most of the domestic houses are located
closely adjacent to the roads and routes required for the pipelines. Any such construction
of pipeline along the road would also cause considerable convenience where material can
be stored until required as far as constriction is considered.
Population Estimation
In determining the future water supply demand in Barangay Mayasang, Lemery,
Batangas, the arithmetic method was used wherein the rate of growth is not constant. The
formula is:
Pn = Po +n/n(Po – P’)
Where:
Pn = population at some future time
Po = population at latest census
P’ = popukation at earliest census
n = number of year from latest census to some future period
n’ = number of year from earliest census to some latest census

Based upon the data from table 1;

Given:
Po= current popu. 1219
P’= 1st year popu 801
n= 20….
n’= 10….number contents
Requirement:
Population in the year 2031
 Solution:
Pn= 1219+ 20/10(1219-801)
Pn= 2055 persons
The researchers determined that in the year 2031 the population of barangay…… is 2055.
This shows that the increase in population should go along with the increase in supply of
water in this particular locality. This number of persons will be the basis of the design of
pipes, storage tanks, pumps and estimate volume of flow that will be consumed per day.
With this population, it was feasible to compute the total volume of flow needed per day.
The average daily consumption will be 150 liters per capita per day based from the
survey on average water consumption of a sample area having the same characteristics
conducted by the researchers. In connection with the design, the water consumption is
based upon the day demands the average and maximum day demand that should be
computed knowing the total population in the projected span of 20 years. The design
requires the length of pipes that has to be in meters, the elevation head in meters and the
total discharge of water in liters per second.

Water Consumption