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+ - ?
Present I´m getting used to I´m not getting used to Am I getting used to?
Continuous
Past simple I got used to I didn´t get used to Did I get used to?
Present I´ve got used to I haven´t got used to Have I got used to?
perfect
Future I´ll get used to I won´t get used to Will I get used to?
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PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

!PAST PERFECT SIMPLE.

You use it:

!To talk about one action in the past which happened before another action in the past. The second
action is often in the past simple.

Peter had exhausted Mary and she decided to retire.

+ - ? !With after, when, because, and until for the first of two actions.
Present I´m used to I´m not used to Am I used to?
Simple When he arrived, the train had left.

Past I was used to I wasn´t used to Was I used to?

simple !You form the past perfect simple with had + past participle.

Future I´ll be used to I won´t be used to Will I be used to?

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EXPRESSIONS EXPRESSIONS

 Stating an opinion  Expressing agreement

- In my opinion... - I agree with you 100 percent. - I'm afraid I agree with James.
- I couldn't agree with you more. - No doubt about it.
- The way I see it...
- That's so true. - (agree with negative statement) Me
- If you want my honest opinion.... - That's for sure. neither.
- According to Lisa... - You're absolutely right. - (weak) I suppose so. /I guess so.
- As far as I'm concerned... - Absolutely. - You have a point there.
- If you ask me... - That's exactly how I feel. - I was just going to say that.
- I mean … - Exactly. - So do I.
- I meant to say …
- Let me to say this …
- To be honest (with you) …  Expressing disagreement
- Let me put the things in this way …
- I don't think so.
- (strong) No way.
 Asking for an opinion - I'm afraid I disagree.
- (strong) I totally disagree.
- What's your idea? - I beg to differ.
- What are your thoughts on all of this? - (strong) I'd say the exact opposite.
- How do you feel about that? - Not necessarily.
- Do you have anything to say about this? - That's not always true.
- What do you think? - That's not always the case.
- Do you agree? - No, I'm not so sure about that.
- Wouldn't you say? - Neither do I.
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CAREERS:
1. Personal trainer. If you are fitness-minded, you can start your own career as a personal
trainer. Check out the National Federation of Professional Trainers for information about
the certification process.
2. Yoga instructor. Begin sharing your expertise with others by teaching yoga classes.
There are a number of online resources, depending on the school of yoga that you
practice. The Yoga Alliance Web site provides information on yoga schools, certification,
insurance, and so on.
3. Accounting. There are many franchises and opportunities available for certified public
accountants. If you are interested in getting certified, take a look at the Web site of the
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for information on specific state
requirements.
4. Web design. If you can design quality Web sites, consider turning your skills into a
home-based business. Although the software and hardware costs can be steep, good Web
designers tend to be well-compensated for their efforts.
6. Interior design. If you have a flair for the creative, consider interior design. The
American Society of Interior Designers Web site provides resources for aspiring interior
designers, including a list of each state's requirements for licensing.
7. Catering or personal chef. Consider starting your own catering or personal chef business
from your own kitchen. You can set yourself apart from competitors by providing
specialized services such as low-carb or vegetarian menus.
8. Wedding planner. If you are an ace at organizing important events and have a Rolodex
full of contacts, consider becoming a wedding planner. There are numerous online
certification courses online, including one from Weddings Beautiful.
9. Real Estate Agent. Many of us have fond memories of buying a home. The person who
helped us find that perfect domicile might resonate with us as well. Real estate agents
analyze properties, meet new clients, and research housing markets with ease.

5. Photography. If you are skilled with a camera, you can open your own photography
studio in your home. Keep in mind that you will need space to shoot the pictures as well
as a light-free space for a darkroom if you decide to process your film and print your
photographs yourself.
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NEWSPAPERS NEWSPAPERS

READING VOCABULARY

Newspaper Articles Sections of a Newspaper.

Usually the “hard” or pure news stories appear on the front pages of newspapers. These 1. National and International News
articles report the basic facts about the latest news events without giving the writer’s opinion.
They are usually relatively short and well-organized. The reader should be able to answer the 2. Social Page
five key “W” questions – who, what, where, when, and often why or how in the first few
3. Local News
paragraphs. Other details of the situation follow and the article ends with the least important
information. 4. Comics

Feature stories are different from hard news stories. Some feature articles may provide 5. Editorials
background or additional information related to an important news event. Others may focus on 6. Horoscope
human interest topics and may be personal, emotional, or humorous. Feature stories often
make the reader want to do something such as take some action, become involved in a cause, 7. Weather
or change one’s behavior. 8. Arts and Entertainment

Editorials express the opinions of the newspaper’s editors and journalists who write for the 9. Sports
paper. Editorials appear on the editorial page which is often at the back of the first section of 10. Classified
the newspaper. Newspapers often have a particular political point of view and this is expressed
in the editorials. 11. Business
12. Money
Letters to the Editor also appear in this section of the paper. These are sent in by readers who
want to express their opinions about certain events or situations. 13. Tech
14. Obituaries
Political cartoons, which use art to express a certain opinion, also appear in this section.
15. Travel
16. Diversions/Pastimes
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NEWSPAPERS NEWSPAPERS

VOCABULARY DISCUSSION

1. Do you ever read newspapers on-line?

Media – methods of communication such News anchor – a person broadcasting on
2. Which sections do you prefer to read?
as TV, radio, the press (newspap ers, TV or radio who is in charge of a program
magazines), the Internet. and who puts together and delivers the 3. Have you ever advertise a product or service in a newspaper? Is It very expensive?

Headline - the heading of a newspaper
article.
Edition – publication; form of a paper, book
or magazine.
Subscribe – agree to have a paper or
magazine delivered on a regular basis.
Publish – make public; print and make
ready to sell.
Newsstand – a small booth or shop that
sells newspapers and magazines.
Journalist – a person who writes for
newspapers, magazines, TV, etc.
Paper route – the particular area where
one delivers newspapers.
Circulation – t he number of copies of a
newspaper sold to the public; the
distribution of a newspaper or magazine;
the number of readers.
Broadcast – send out in all directions by
radio, TV; put on the public airwaves.
news from other reporters.
Documentary – a type of program or film
that presents factual information about
social topics, health, science, etc.
Talk show – a type of TV or radio program
in which interesting topics are discussed
and the audience or callers are invited to
join in the discussion with special guests.
Host – the on-air person in charge of a
particular TV or radio show.
Sensationalized – made to create a very
strong emotional reaction or intense
interest.
Weather forecast – predicting or saying
what the weather will be like.
Tabloid - a type of newspaper with many
pictures and sensationalized stories.
4. Do you get the Internet at your home? If so, who is your Internet provider?
5. Do you ever read tabloid newspapers?
6. Can you name several popular news magazines in your country? Do you subscribe
to any of these?
7. Do you often pick up a newspaper or magazine at a newsstand?
8. How often do you read/buy newspaper?
9. Do you often watch 24 hour news channels such as CNN on TV?
10. Do you know what time your local TV channels broadcast the news?
11. Do you get cable or satellite TV? How many channels do you get?
12. Do you have a favorite news anchor that you regularly watch?
13. Do you enjoy watching documentary programs on TV? If so, discuss one of the
most interesting shows you have seen.
14. Do you often watch TV talk shows such as the Oprah Winfrey or Larry King shows?
If so, who is your favorite talk show host?
15. Do you have a 24 hour local weather channel? Do you know what channel it is?
16. Do you think that the news nowadays is too sensationalized?
17. What is your favorite radio station? Why do you like this station? Do you listen to
news on this station? Do you prefer to listen to AM or FM stations?
18. Where do you usually get your local weather forecast - from the radio, TV,
newspaper, or the Internet?
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CURRENCY
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SNAPSHOT 1 SNAPSHOT 2
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REGULAR VERBS REGULAR VERBS

REGLA PARA PRONUNCIACION completed completed completed completar

cry cried cried llorar

/t/ /id/ /d/ dance danced danced bailar
K - CH - SH –
disappear disappeared disappeared desaparecer
P–S–F–X
–H T-D EL RESTO employ employed employed emplear

end ended ended finalizar

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING enjoy enjoyed enjoyed disfrutar

accept accepted accepted aceptar expect expected expected esperar

allow allowed allowed permitir explain explained explained explicar

answer answered answered responder finish finished finished finalizar

appear appeared appeared aparecer fix fixed fixed arreglar

arrive arrived arrived arribar graduate graduated graduated graduarse

ask asked asked preguntar / pedir happen happened happened ocurrir/suceder

attend attended attended asistir hate hated hated odiar

belong belonged belonged pertenecer help helped helped ayudar

book booked booked reservar hope hoped hoped esperar

borrow borrowed borrowed pedir prestado include included included incluir

brush brushed brushed cepillar invite invited invited invitar

call called called llamar jump jumped jumped saltar

clean cleaned cleaned limpiar kill killed killed matar

close closed closed cerrar last lasted lasted durar

cook cooked cooked cocinar like liked liked gustar

comb combed combed peinar

compare compared compared comparar

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REGULAR VERBS REGULAR VERBS

listen listened listened escuchar

look looked looked mirar darse cuenta

realize realized realized
live lived lived vivir recibir
receive received received
love loved loved amar / me grabar
encanta record recorded recorded
manage managed managed administrar remember remembered remembered recordar

miss missed missed perder/extrañar rent rented rented alquilar / rentar

move moved moved mover/mudarse report reported reported informar

need needed needed necesitar request requested requested solicitar

obtain obtained obtained obtener rob robbed robbed robar (persona,

lugar)
offer offered offered ofrecer ahorrar/guardar
save saved saved
open opened opened abrir gritar
scream screamed screamed
owe owed owed adeudar buscar
search searched searched
own owned owned ser dueño comprar
shop shopped shopped
park parked parked estacionar sonreír
smile smiled smiled
pass passed passed pasar/aprobar comenzar
start started started
party partied partied divertirse quedarse /
stay stayed stayed
llamar(por permanecer
phone phoned phoned estudiar
teléfono) study studied studied
play played played jugar / tocar (un tomar sol
instrumento) sunbathe sunbathed sunbathed
plan planned planned planear/planificar surf surfed surfed surfear

prefer prefered prefered preferir talk talked talked conversar

prepare prepared prepared preparar travel traveled traveled viajar

rain rained rained llover

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REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS

turn turned turned hacer girar INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING
usar be was/were been ser/estar
use used used
visitar
become became become convertirse/volverse
visit visited visited begin began begun comenzar
wait waited waited esperar
bring brought brought traer
walk walked walked caminar build built built construir
want wanted wanted querer buy bought bought comprar
lavar catch caught caught tomar/atrapar
wash washed washed
choose chose chosen elegir
watch watched watched mirar / observar /
cuidar come came come venir/ir
work worked worked trabajar / cost cost cost costar
funcionar dive dived/doved dived bucear
yawn yawned yawned bostezar
do did done hacer
yell yelled yelled gritar drink drank drunk beber
drive drove driven manejar/conducir
earn earnt earnt ganar (dinero)
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen caer
feel felt felt sentir
fight fought fought pelear
find found found encontrar
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IRREGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS

fly flew flown volar

forbid forbade forbidden prohibir
ring rang rung sonar / llamar
get got gotten recibir/llegar
run ran run correr
give gave given dar
say said said decir
go went gone ir
see saw seen ver
hang hung hung colgar
seek sought sought buscar
have had had tener/comer
sell sold sold vender
hear heard heard oir
send sent sent enviar
hold held held sostener/tener
shake shook shaken agitar
know knew known saber
sing sang sung cantar
learn learnt learnt aprender
sleep slept slept dormir
leave left left partir/dejar
speak spoke spoken hablar
lend lent lent prestar gastar (dinero) /
lose lost lost spend spent spent pasar (tiempo)
perder
make made made steal stole stolen robar (objeto)
hacer
mean meant meant swim swam swum nadar
significar
take took taken tomar / llevar
Encontrarse con /
meet met met conocer(persona)
teach taught taught enseñar
pay paid paid pagar
tell told told decir
put put put poner
think thought thought pensar
read read read leer
understand understood understood entender
ride rode ridden montar/andar
wake woke woken despertar
wear wore worn llevar puesto
write wrote written escribir