Chapter 04: Multiple Choice: Answ ER

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice
1. Erica is an 18-year-old in her first year of university. One day while she was watching a video in class, Erica started to hear what
she thought was music playing. Suddenly, she began shaking in her seat and fell to the floor. After the incident ended, one of her
classmates helped her to the campus medical center, where she was later diagnosed as having:
a. Huntington
disease.
b. Parkinson
disease.
c. epilepsy.
d. myasthenia
gravis.
ANSW c
ER:
2. Which of the following treatments is (are) used to help reduce epilepsy?

a. medication
b. deep brain stimulation
c. a high-fat, low-
carbohydrate diet
d. All of the answers are
correct.
ANSW d
ER:
3. _____ is a neurological disorder that is linked to periods of excessive neural synchrony.

a. Epilepsy
b. Parkinson
disease
c. Multiple
sclerosis
d. Stroke
ANSW a
ER:
4. René Descartes believed that _____ carried signals through the nervous system.
a. neurons
b. phlegm
c. the pineal
gland
d. cerebrospinal
fluid
ANSW d
ER:
5. The technique of electrical stimulation was first discovered by:

a. Luigi Galvani.
b. René Descartes.
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c. Gustave Fritsch and Edward
Hitzig.
d. David Ferrier.
ANSW a
ER:
6. Nineteenth-century scientists Fritsch and Hitzig discovered that electrical stimulation of the neocortex leads to:
a. hearing
sounds.
b. movements.
c. seizures.
d. seeing
patterns.
ANSW b
ER:
7. Electricity is a flow of electrons from a body that contains a higher charge (more electrons) to a body that has a lower charge (fewer
electrons). The body containing the higher electrical charge is called a:
a. positive
pole.
b. negative
pole.
c. dipole.
d. ground
pole.
ANSW b
ER:
8. The volt is a unit of:

a. electrical potential.
b. current flow.
c. electrical activity.
d. motion of electric
charge.
ANSW a
ER:
9. In 1874, the physician Roberts Bartholow directly stimulated a _____ brain with electricity.
a. dog
b. rabbi
t
c. huma
n
d. cat
ANSW c
ER:
10. When Richard Caton first measured fluctuations on a voltmeter from electrodes placed on the scalp of a human subject, he was
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recording what we now call:
a. an
electroencephalogram
.
b. the action potential.
c. a
magnetoencephalogra
m.
d. axonal conductance.
ANSW a
ER:
11. An electroencephalogram, or EEG, can theoretically be recorded by:

a. a voltmeter.
b. a current meter.
c. an amp meter.
d. either a voltmeter or a current
meter.
ANSW a
ER:
12. The speed of information flow in a nerve was first measured by:

a. Hermann von
Helmholtz.
b. Wilder Penfield.
c. Eduard Hitzig.
d. Gustave Fritsch.
ANSW a
ER:
13. Because the giant axons of the squid are nearly _____ in diameter, they were used to record electrical activity in neurons for the
first time.
a. 1
centimeter
b. 1
millimeter
c. 5
millimeter
s
d. 0.1
millimeter
ANSW b
ER:
14. How does a squid benefit from having unusually large axons?

a. They enable the squid to perform complex grasping behavior
with its tentacles.

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b. They enable the squid to jet-propel away from predators.
c. They boost the squid's immune system.
d. They enhance the squid's fertility.
ANSW b
ER:
15. Neurons in most animals, including humans, are approximately _____ micrometers in diameter.
a. 1 to 20
b. 0.01 to
0.2
c. 100 to
200
d. up to 1
ANSW a
ER:
16. _____ won the Nobel Prize in 1963 for being the first to describe the electrical activity of neurons.
a. Young
b. von Helmholtz
c. Hodgkin and
Huxley
d. Watson and
Crick
ANSW c
ER:
17. Recording from single neurons was made possible by the invention of:
a. the electroencephalogram and the
voltmeter.
b. the oscilloscope and the voltmeter.
c. the EEG and the microelectrode.
d. the oscilloscope and the
microelectrode.
ANSW d
ER:
18. Microelectrodes can:
a. be made from glass.
b. be made from wire.
c. have a tip as small as 0.001
millimeter.
d. All of the answers are correct.
ANSW d
ER:

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19. The patch technique involves:
a. placing the tip of a microelectrode on an axon.
b. recording between two microelectrodes, one inside the axon and the
other outside.
c. placing the tip of the microelectrode in an axon and applying some
back suction.
d. placing the tips of two microelectrodes in an axon and recording
between them.
ANSW c
ER:
20. To measure the voltage across the cell membrane, you would normally:
a. insert two electrodes into the axon and measure the voltage difference.
b. place one electrode on the outer surface of an axon's membrane and another inside the axon and measure
the voltage difference.
c. place two electrodes on the outer surface of the axon's membrane and measure the voltage difference.
ANSW b
ER:
21. When a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, it is an example of a(n):
a. concentration gradient.
b. voltage gradient.
c. ionic translocation.
d. None of the answers is
correct.
ANSW a
ER:
22. The movement of ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through random motion is called:
a. a concentration
gradient.
b. a voltage gradient.
c. diffusion.
d. ionic translocation.
ANSW c
ER:
23. The difference in charge between two regions is referred to as:

a. a concentration
gradient.
b. a voltage gradient.
c. diffusion.
d. current flow.
ANSW b
ER:

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24. If a small amount of dye is placed in a beaker of water, it will flow away from the initial point of contact. The ensuing process
illustrates:
a. diffusion.
b. concentration.
c. charge.
d. electrostatic
pressure.
ANSW a
ER:
25. The basis of electrical activity in nerves is the:

a. movement of intracellular and extracellular
ions.
b. movement of extracellular fluid.
c. equilibrium between intracellular and
extracellular ions.
d. elongation and contraction of axons.
ANSW a
ER:
26. Positively charged ions are called _____, while negatively charged ions are called _____.
a. proteins;
anions
b. anions;
cations
c. cations;
anions
d. axons;
neurons
ANSW c
ER:
27. Channels in the cell membrane are formed by:

a. sodium ions.
b. potassium
ions.
c. protein
molecules.
d. lipids.
ANSW c
ER:
28. The neuronal membrane is:

a. fully permeable.
b. permeable only to ions.

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c. permeable only to neutral
molecules.
d. permeable to some ions but not
others.
ANSW d
ER:
29. The resting potential of the inside of an axon, relative to the outside:

a. is –70 mV in all species.
b. is –90 mV in all species
c. can vary from –40 mV to –90 mV within
a species.
d. can vary from –40 mV to –90 mV
between species.
ANSW d
ER:
30. At rest, the concentrations of _____ are higher inside of a neuron, whereas the concentrations of _____ are higher outside of a
neuron.
a. potassium (K+);
sodium (Na+)
b. sodium (Na+);
potassium (K+)
c. potassium (K+);
chloride (Cl–)
d. potassium (K+); anions
(A–)
ANSW a
ER:
31. Which of the following is NOT true?

a. The cell membrane is semipermeable, so it keeps in large negatively charged protein molecules.
b. The membrane keeps out Na+ and allows K+ and Cl– to pass more freely.
c. The membrane has a sodium–potassium pump that removes potassium from inside the cell and replaces it with sodium.
d. The summed charges of the unequally distributed ions leave the inside of the membrane at –70 mV relative to the outside.
This is the cell's resting potential.
ANSW c
ER:
32. Large protein anions are:

a. manufactured by glial cells.
b. manufactured within a neuron.
c. transported to a neuron by
glial cells.
d. not part of a neuron.

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ANSW b
ER:
33. The negative charge inside the cell membrane is largely a product of the presence of negatively charged:
a. potassium ions.
b. sodium ions.
c. protein anions.
correct.
ANSW c
ER:
34. The sodium–potassium pump _____ exchanges three _____ for two _____.
a. continuously; intracellular Na+;
extracellular K+.
b. continuously; intracellular K+;
extracellular Na+.
c. continuously; extracellular Na+;
intracellular K+.
d. intermittently; intracellular K+;
extracellular Na+.
ANSW a
ER:
35. When the neuron is at rest, _____ channels are normally closed, whereas _____ is free to enter and leave the cell.
a. K+;
Na+
b. Cl–;
Na+
c. Na+;
K+
d. K+;
Cl–
ANSW c
ER:
36. There are approximately _____ as many K+ ions inside a cell as outside it.
a. 20
times
b. 2 times
c. one-
tenth
d. half
ANSW a
ER:

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37. Resting potential is a store of potential _____ produced by a greater _____ charge on the intracellular side relative to the
extracellular side.
a. energy; positive
b. energy; negative
c. ions; negative
d. extracellular fluid;
positive
ANSW b
ER:
38. Which of the following is NOT involved in producing the resting potential?

a. potassium
ions
b. chloride
ions
c. calcium
ions
d. sodium ions
ANSW c
ER:
39. A change in the resting potential from –70 mV to –73 mV is called:

a. depolarization.
b. hyperpolarization.
c. graded excitatory potential.
d. nothing, as these changes occur
spontaneously.
ANSW b
ER:
40. A change in the resting potential from –70 mV to –65 mV is called:

a. depolarization.
b. hyperpolarization.
c. graded excitatory potential.
d. nothing, as these changes occur
spontaneously.
ANSW a
ER:
41. Small voltage fluctuations in the cell membrane that occur in the vicinity of the axon are called:
a. action
potentials.
b. graded
potentials.
c. ion
fluctuations.
d. nerve
impulses.
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ANSW b
ER:
42. Depolarization is primarily linked with _____, whereas hyperpolarization is mainly linked with _____.
a. sodium;
calcium
b. potassium;
sodium
c. sodium;
chloride
d. chloride;
potassium
ANSW c
ER:
43. A change in the resting potential from –70 mV to –50 mV typically results in:
a. an excitatory postsynaptic
potential.
b. repolarization.
c. an action potential.
d. hyperpolarization.
ANSW c
ER:
44. Tetrodotoxin (puffer fish poison) mainly influences the role of:

a. potassium channels in
hyperpolarization.
b. sodium channels in
depolarization.
c. potassium channels in
depolarization.
d. sodium channels in
hyperpolarization.
ANSW b
ER:
45. Tetraethylammonium (TEA):
a. blocks potassium channels.
b. blocks sodium channels.
c. blocks chlorine channels.
d. neutralizes large protein
molecules.
ANSW a
ER:

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46. An action potential is:
a. a large graded potential.
b. a large, brief reversal in the polarity of a
membrane.
c. the same as a threshold potential.
d. seldom shorter than 10 milliseconds.
ANSW b
ER:
47. The voltage of a neural membrane that is sufficient to cause an action potential is approximately _____; it is called a _____.
a. –70 mV; resting
potential
b. –50 mV; graded
potential
c. –65 mV; threshold
potential
d. –50 mV; threshold
potential
ANSW d
ER:
48. The action potential normally consists of the summed current changes caused by the _____ and the _____.
a. inflow of sodium; outflow of
potassium
b. outflow of sodium; inflow of
potassium
c. inflow of calcium; outflow of
potassium
d. inflow of sodium; outflow of
chloride
ANSW a
ER:
49. During an action potential, the voltage of the cell membrane:

a. drops to zero and then returns to –70 mV.
b. drops to zero, returns to about –100 mV, and then
goes to 70 mV.
c. goes to about +30 mV and then drops to –70 mV.
d. goes to about +30 mV, drops to –100 mV, and then
goes to –70 mV.
ANSW c
ER:
50. Which of the following channels does NOT underlie graded potentials?

a. potassiu
m
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b. chloride
c. sodium
d. calcium
ANSW d
ER:
51. A(n) _____ channel only opens or closes at specific membrane voltages.

a. nerve impulse
b. voltage-activated
c. absolutely
refractory
d. relatively
refractory
ANSW b
ER:
52. Na+ and K+ channels on axons are:

a. mainly neurotransmitter dependent.
b. mainly voltage dependent.
c. mainly calcium dependent.
d. both neurotransmitter and voltage
dependent.
ANSW b
ER:
53. _____ channels are less sensitive than _____ channels, so during an action potential, they open more slowly but remain open
longer.
a. Calcium;
sodium
b. Sodium;
potassium
c. Chloride;
sodium
d. Potassium;
sodium
ANSW d
ER:
54. _____ channels are more sensitive than _____ channels, so they open first during the action potential.
a. Calcium; potassium
b. Potassium; calcium
c. Sodium; potassium
d. All channels are equally
sensitive.
ANSW c
ER:

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55. Sodium channels close when the membrane potential reaches approximately:

a. +50
mV.
b. +30
mV.
c. –50
mV.
d. 0 mV.
ANSW b
ER:
56. Voltage-sensitive sodium channels are active:

a. whenever the cell membrane starts to
depolarize.
b. when the voltage across the membrane reaches
zero.
c. when the threshold voltage of the cell is
reached.
d. when the voltage across the membrane reaches
+30 mV.
ANSW c
ER:
57. A cell cannot produce an action potential:

a. during the relatively refractory
period.
b. during the absolutely refractory
period.
c. during the intermediate refractory
period.
d. None of the answers is correct.
ANSW b
ER:
58. Refractory periods are due to:

a. voltage-sensitive sodium and potassium
channels.
b. voltage-sensitive chloride channels.
c. the time constraint on the sodium–
potassium pump.
d. inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
ANSW a
ER:
59. The repolarization of the neuronal membrane is largely due to the:

a. closing of calcium channels, stopping the influx of
calcium.
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b. opening of potassium channels, allowing the outflow
of potassium.
c. closing of potassium channels, stopping the influx of
potassium.
d. closing of sodium channels, stopping the outflow of
sodium.
ANSW b
ER:
60. The magnitude of an action potential (AP) is measured near the axon hillock using an electrode and then measured again 2 mm
farther down the axon. Compared to the AP measured near the axon hillock, the AP 2 mm farther down the axon is:
a. larger.
b. smaller.
c. of the same
magnitude.
d. completely
nullified.
ANSW c
ER:
61. Nerve impulse describes:

a. an action potential crossing the synaptic cleft.
b. input at the dendrites of a cell.
c. the movement of an action potential along the axon.
d. an action potential along the combined axons, which are
called nerves.
ANSW c
ER:
62. The propagation of the nerve impulse is:

a. not decremental.
b. related to the opening of potassium and sodium
ion channels.
c. similar to the effect of falling dominoes.
ANSW d
ER:
63. The domino effect best describes the:

a. absolutely refractory
period.
b. nerve impulse.
c. relatively refractory
period.
d. resting membrane
potential.
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ANSW b
ER:
64. Because of refractory periods, the maximum firing rate of a neuron is approximately _____ impulses per second.
a. 500
b. 100
0
c. 100
d. 200
ANSW d
ER:
65. An action potential usually goes only in one direction in an axon because:
a. the ions can flow only in one direction.
b. the refractory periods force the impulse to go in
one direction.
c. the ion flow is attracted to chemicals in the
synaptic knob.
d. autoreceptors inhibit backward flow of ions.
ANSW b
ER:
66. Which of the following is NOT one of the important reasons for refractory periods in neurons?
a. They limit the firing rate of the neuron.
b. They force nerve impulses to travel in one direction.
c. They increase the sensitivity of the neuron.
d. They allow time for the neuron to reset prior to another
action potential.
ANSW c
ER:
67. _____ produce(s) myelin in the peripheral nervous system, whereas _____ produce(s) myelin in the central nervous system.
a. Ependymal cells;
Schwann cells
b. Astroglia; oligodendroglia
c. Oligodendroglia;
Schwann cells
d. Schwann cells,
oligodendroglia
ANSW d
ER:
68. Myelination of axons in humans makes up for the _____ in our nervous system.
a. small axons
b. large axons
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c. lack of Schwann
cells
d. large nodes of
Ranvier
ANSW a
ER:
69. Saltatory conduction is aided by _____ located at the _____.

a. sodium–potassium pumps; terminal
buttons
b. sodium and potassium channels; nodes
of Ranvier
c. calcium channels; nodes of Ranvier
d. glial cells; nodes of Ranvier
ANSW b
ER:
70. Myelin is important for propagating action potential (AP) because:

a. it increases the AP's conduction speed.
b. it reduces the need for sodium and potassium.
c. it conserves energy.
d. it both increases the AP's conduction speed and
conserves energy.
ANSW d
ER:
71. Saltatory conduction refers to:

a. sodium concentration in the extracellular fluid.
b. action potentials that are facilitated by sodium.
c. action potentials jumping from one node to the next.
d. the leakage of the sodium channels that require the existence of a sodium–
potassium pump.
ANSW c
ER:
72. On larger myelinated axons, nerve impulses can reach speeds of up to _____ meters per second.
a. 10
0
b. 50
c. 12
0
d. 30
ANSW c
ER:

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73. The symptoms of multiple sclerosis are caused by:
a. excess myelin on
axons.
b. loss of myelin around
axons.
c. excess excitatory input.
d. excess inhibitory input.
ANSW b
ER:
74. Melissa, a 23-year-old woman, has been having tingling sensations in her right arm and leg for a few weeks. Today, when she
woke up, she realized that she could barely move her right arm. She had a similar set of symptoms a couple of years ago, but they
went away, so she thought everything was fine. Your advice to Melissa is to go to the doctor because she may have:
a. the flu.
b. a brain tumor.
c. multiple
sclerosis.
d. Huntington
disease.
ANSW c
ER:
75. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be:

a. an autoimmune disease.
b. related to vitamin D.
c. related to genetic risk
factors.
correct.
ANSW d
ER:
76. Which technology is used to observe the plaque that forms at sites of myelin loss in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis?
a. ultrasound
b. optogenetics
c. magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)
d. computer tomography (CT
scan)
ANSW c
ER:
77. The speed at which nerve impulses travel down an axon are greatly increased by:
a. myelin.
b. refractory periods.
c. the length of the
axon.
d. calcium channels.
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ANSW a
ER:
78. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses resulting from:

a. the inability of the immune system to fight off harmful substances
in the body.
b. the degeneration of the immune system.
c. the production of too many antibodies when fighting off an outside
infection.
d. the body attacking substances and tissues that are normally present
in the body.
ANSW d
ER:
79. A brief depolarization of the neuronal membrane that makes it more likely that the neuron will fire an action potential is called:
a. saltatory conduction.
b. an inhibitory postsynaptic potential
(IPSP).
c. an excitatory postsynaptic potential
(EPSP).
d. spatial summation.
ANSW c
ER:
80. A brief hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane that makes it less likely that the neuron will fire an action potential is called:
a. saltatory conduction.
b. an inhibitory postsynaptic potential
(IPSP).
c. an excitatory postsynaptic potential
(EPSP).
d. spatial summation.
ANSW b
ER:
81. The final pathway that the nervous system uses to produce behavior is the:
a. interneuron
.
b. motor
neuron.
c. glial
neuron.
d. Schwann
cell.
ANSW b
ER:
82. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are recorded:

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a. at the synaptic
knob.
b. in the axon.
c. in the dendrites.
d. from the cell
body.
ANSW d
ER:
83. EPSPs are associated with _____, whereas IPSPs are associated with _____.
a. opening of sodium channels; opening of
potassium channels
b. opening of sodium channels; closing of
potassium channels
c. closing of sodium channels; opening of
potassium channels
d. opening of calcium channels; closing of
potassium channels
ANSW a
ER:
84. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are associated with:

a. the opening of potassium channels, allowing the outflow
of potassium.
b. the opening of sodium channels, allowing the influx of
sodium.
c. the closing of potassium channels, stopping the influx of
potassium.
d. the closing of sodium channels, stopping the influx of
potassium.
ANSW a
ER:
85. John C. Eccles won the Nobel Prize for his work:

a. recording the first dendrites ever to be observed.
b. using techniques first developed to study squid axons in order to record large motor neurons in the
vertebrate spinal cord.
c. developing a cure for multiple sclerosis, based on recording neurons in the vertebrate spinal cord.
d. using techniques first developed to study the vertebrate spinal cord in order to record large squid
axons.
ANSW b
ER:
86. EPSPs are associated with:

a. the opening of potassium channels, allowing the outflow
of potassium.
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b. the opening of sodium channels, allowing the influx of
sodium.
c. the closing of potassium channels, stopping the influx of
potassium.
d. the closing of sodium channels, stopping the influx of
potassium.
ANSW b
ER:
87. Stimulation producing two EPSPs in quick succession illustrates:

a. spatial summation.
b. temporal summation.
c. both spatial and temporal
summation.
d. neither spatial nor temporal
summation.
ANSW b
ER:
88. Two EPSPs occurring close together in time and location on the cell membrane is an example of:
a. spatial summation.
b. temporal summation.
c. both spatial and temporal
summation.
d. neither spatial nor temporal
summation.
ANSW a
ER:
89. Spatial summation is more likely to occur:

a. when the two impulses are far apart on the
membrane.
b. when the two impulses are close together on the
membrane.
c. without regard to distance on the membrane.
d. when one EPSP follows the second by a short
interval.
ANSW b
ER:
90. EPSPs on the distant dendrite's tree:

a. have maximum influence on an action potential.
b. are easier to summate both spatially and temporally than
EPSPs elsewhere.
c. are less likely to have a dynamic effect than those close to the
axon hillock.
d. do not modulate action potentials.
ANSW c
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ER:
91. For an EPSP to cause another action potential, the stimulation must reach the _____, which is (are) rich in voltage-sensitive ion
channels.
a. initial
segment
b. cell body
c. dendrites
d. terminal
buttons
ANSW a
ER:
92. Action potentials originate in the:

a. axon.
b. dendrites.
c. cell body.
d. initial segment (axon
hillock).
ANSW d
ER:
93. The _____ acts in a way similar to a democracy in that it "counts votes" from incoming EPSPs and IPSPs, and if there is enough
excitation, an action potential will fire.
a. axon
hillock
b. dendrite
c. soma
d. ion
channel
ANSW a
ER:
94. _____ is the term used to denote reverse movement of the action potential into the dendrites.
a. EPSP reversal
b. Back propagation
c. Inverse IPSP
correct.
ANSW b
ER:
95. _____ may play a role in the neural plasticity that is associated with learning.
a. Spatial summation
b. Back propagation
c. Temporal summation
d. The relative refractory
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period
ANSW b
ER:
96. _____ combines genetics and light to control targeted cells in living tissue.
a. Photogenetics
b. Optogenetics
c. Infragenetics
correct.
ANSW b
ER:
97. Research on optogenetics and light-sensitive ion channels has revealed that channelrhodopsin-2 can be used to _____ neurons, and
halorhodopsin can be used to _____ neurons.
a. hyperpolarize;
depolarize
b. depolarize;
hyperpolarize
c. destroy; depolarize
d. depolarize; destroy
ANSW b
ER:
98. EPSPs and IPSPs are first received by:

a. the soma.
b. the neuronal
membrane.
c. dendrites.
d. the axon hillock.
ANSW c
ER:
99. Stretch-activated channels are typically found on the dendrites of:

a. motor neurons.
b. interneurons.
c. sensory neurons.
correct.
ANSW c
ER:
100. Dendrites of touch-sensitive neurons are activated by:

a. stretching open Na+
channels.
b. stretching open K+
channels.

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c. closing K+ channels.
d. closing Cl–? channels.
ANSW a
ER:
101. An end plate is found on:

a. a muscle
membrane.
b. a dendrite
membrane.
c. an axon.
d. touch receptors.
ANSW a
ER:
102. Hair receptors are associated with:

a. taste.
b. vision.
c. hearing and
balance.
d. touch.
ANSW c
ER:
103. The muscle end plate is activated by the neurotransmitter:

a. serotonin.
b. norepinephri
ne.
c. dopamine.
d. acetylcholin
e.
ANSW d
ER:
104. The neurotransmitter-activated ion channels on muscle end plates differ from other ion channels in that:
a. they have a different resting membrane
potential.
b. they allow only K+ to leave the neuronal
membrane.
c. they allow only Cl–? to leave the neuronal
membrane.
d. K+ and Na+ enter and leave through the same
channels.
ANSW d
ER:
105. Motor neurons send nerve impulses to _____ on muscle cells.

a. synaps
es
b. protein
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s
c. photon
s
d. dendrit
es
ANSW a
ER:
106. Lou Gehrig disease is also known as:

a. multiple sclerosis.
b. arteriosclerosis.
c. amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis.
d. poliomyelitis.
ANSW c
ER:
107. _____ is a disease that has been linked with the death of _____.
a. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; sensory
neurons
b. Myasthenia gravis; sensory neurons
c. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; spinal
motor neurons
d. Myasthenia gravis; interneurons
ANSW c
ER:
108. Alex is 53 years old and has had weakness in his throat and chest for a few months. Now he is also starting to have general weakness in his arms
and legs. The weakness in his legs has gotten so bad that yesterday he fell down when walking across his living room. Alex appears to be showing
early signs of:
a. Parkinson disease.
b. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig
disease).
c. Huntington disease.
d. Alzheimer disease.
ANSW b
ER:
109. Myasthenia gravis is a(n) _____ that _____.

a. autoimmune disease; is well controlled with
treatment
b. type of cancer; is more common in men than
women.
c. type of viral infection; does not respond to
treatment.
d. type of bacterial infection; affects the
hypothalamus.
ANSW a
ER:
110. _____ is often accompanied by drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, and general fatigue.
a. Huntington disease
b. Tay-Sachs disease
Name: Class Date:
:

c. Myasthenia gravis
d. Tetrodotoxin poisoning
answer c

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

2. Which of the following treatments is (are) used to help reduce epilepsy?

3. _____ is a neurological disorder that is linked to periods of excessive neural synchrony.

5. The technique of electrical stimulation was first discovered by:

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

8. The volt is a unit of:

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

11. An electroencephalogram, or EEG, can theoretically be recorded by:

12. The speed of information flow in a nerve was first measured by:

14. How does a squid benefit from having unusually large axons?

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

23. The difference in charge between two regions is referred to as:

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

25. The basis of electrical activity in nerves is the:

27. Channels in the cell membrane are formed by:

28. The neuronal membrane is:

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

29. The resting potential of the inside of an axon, relative to the outside:

31. Which of the following is NOT true?

32. Large protein anions are:

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

38. Which of the following is NOT involved in producing the resting potential?

39. A change in the resting potential from –70 mV to –73 mV is called:

40. A change in the resting potential from –70 mV to –65 mV is called:

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

44. Tetrodotoxin (puffer fish poison) mainly influences the role of:

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

49. During an action potential, the voltage of the cell membrane:

50. Which of the following channels does NOT underlie graded potentials?

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

51. A(n) _____ channel only opens or closes at specific membrane voltages.

52. Na+ and K+ channels on axons are:

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

55. Sodium channels close when the membrane potential reaches approximately:

56. Voltage-sensitive sodium channels are active:

57. A cell cannot produce an action potential:

58. Refractory periods are due to:

59. The repolarization of the neuronal membrane is largely due to the:

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

61. Nerve impulse describes:

62. The propagation of the nerve impulse is:

63. The domino effect best describes the:

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

69. Saltatory conduction is aided by _____ located at the _____.

70. Myelin is important for propagating action potential (AP) because:

71. Saltatory conduction refers to:

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Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

75. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be:

Chapter 04: Multiple Choice

78. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses resulting from:

69. Saltatory conduction is aided by _ located at the _.

109. Myasthenia gravis is a(n) _ that _.