10

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Electromagnetic Waves
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Aldrin C. Vargas & Dolores B. Samaniego

Editor: Edwin I. Salviejo EdD

Reviewers: Edwin H. Engana, Imelda T. Quiban. Norwena O. Penuliar &

Josefina Celebrado

Layout Artist:

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Edwin I. Salviejo EdD

Division Science Coordinator/School Principal I

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

Why is it that talking over the phone for a longer time makes our ears feel hotter?
Why is exposure to the heat of the sun results in sunburn? Microwaves from your
cellphones and visible light from the sun are examples of electromagnetic waves. What
are these electromagnetic waves, how are they produced and propagated?

This module is composed of two lessons:

Lesson 1. The Development of Electromagnetic Wave Theory
Lesson 2. Production and Propagation of EM Waves

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Trace the development of the electromagnetic wave theory.
2. Define electromagnetic waves.
3. Describe how electromagnetic (EM) waves are produced and propagated.

What I Know

Directions. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.

1. Which causes the production of EM waves?
A. a moving charge
B. a stationary magnet
C. a stationary magnetic field
D. a stationary electric charge
2.How are electromagnetic waves propagated?
A. require a medium for their transmission
B. can travel through solid, liquid, gas, and empty space
C. can travel through a vacuum but not in solid, liquid, and gas
D. can travel through solid, liquid, and gas but not in empty space
3.Who theoretically predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves?
A. Michael Faraday
B. Heinrich Hertz
C. James Clerk Maxwell
D. Hans Christian Oersted
4.Who experimentally proven the existence of an electromagnetic wave?
A. Michael Faraday
B. Heinrich Hertz
C. James Clerk Maxwell
D. Hans Christian Oersted
5.How are electromagnetic waves produced?
A. by a pulsating current that is parallel to the magnetic
field
B. by changing the magnetic field parallel to a stationary electric
field
C. by changing the electric field perpendicular to a stationary
magnetic field
D. by changing the electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to
each other

1
 Lesson
Development of Electromagnetic
1 Wave
Do you wonder what electromagnetic (EM) waves are? Where and when was the
idea of EM waves started? Let us find out how the electromagnetic wave theory was
developed.

What’s in

Activity 1.1 Word Scrambles

Directions: Add one letter to each line. Write it in the blank. Then rearrange all the letters
to spell the terms for electromagnetism. Write the new word in the second blank. For
example, you could add C to letters NIECES to spell SCIENCE
1. L E C T E R N ____ __________________________

2. D U N I T I C O ____ __________________________

3. S T E A M I N G ____ __________________________

4. M E A N T ____ __________________________

5. E R E C T I L I T Y ____ __________________________

What’s new

Activity 1.2 The Electromagnetic Wave Theory Storyboard

Directions: Read the comic strip. After reading, fill up the table below.

2
 Name of Scientists Contribution to the development of EM theory

What is it

The development of the EM theory was a collaboration of several scientists and

physicists who studied the basic relationship of electricity and magnetism or the
principles of electromagnetism.
In 1820, Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Oersted showed how a
current carrying wire can act like a magnet. He was the first scientist to find the
connection between electricity and magnetism.
French physicist Andre Marie Ampere demonstrated the magnetic effect based
on the direction of the current. He found out that wires carrying current produce
forces on each other, announcing his theory of electrodynamics in 1821.
English scientist Michael Faraday developed the idea of an electric field and
studied the effect of currents on magnets. His research found that the magnetic field
created around a conductor carried a direct current, thereby establishing the basis for
the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. He also showed experimental
evidence of EM waves and their link to light. He similarly discovered the principles of
electromagnetic induction and diamagnetism.
James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist and mathematician, formulated the
principle behind electromagnetism. He recognized that electromagnetism's processes
could be established using mathematics. In a book "Treatise on Electricity and
Magnetism" he summarizes the discoveries of Coulomb, Oersted, Ampere, and Faraday
into four mathematical equations. Maxwell's equations are used today as the basis of
electromagnetic theory.
In 1885, German physicist Heinrich Hertz proved Maxwell's electromagnetic
wave theory was correct, and in the process, generated and detected electromagnetic
waves. The discovery of electromagnetic waves led to the development of the radio. The
unit of frequency of the waves measured in cycles per second was named the "hertz" in
his honor.

What’s more

Activity 1.3. Let us Organize!

Directions: Using the given organizer, write the necessary information to complete the
concept about the development of the EM wave theory.

3
 What I have learned

• The development of EM theory is a collaboration of different scientist and

physicists who studies the basic relationship of electricity and magnetism
or the principles of electromagnetism.
• Maxwell theoretically predicted the presence of EM waves and it was Hertz
who experimentally prove its existence through the discovery of the radio
wave.
• Though there were lots of scientist who collaborated the five major
proponents were Andrei Marie Ampere, Michael Faraday, Heinrich Hertz,
James Clerk Maxwell, and Hans Christian Oersted.

4
 Lesson
Production and Propagation of
2 Electromagnetic Waves

What’s in

Do you know how EM waves are produced and propagated? The following
activities will enable you to understand further how these EM waves are produced and
propagated. Before going to the next topic, recall the important concepts in the
previous lesson.

Activity 2.1 Concept check

Direction: Match the scientists given with their contributions. Write the letter on the
space provided for.

Scientists Contributions
______1. Ampere a. he used a spark-gap transmitter and receiver
to demonstrate that the waves actually
existed
______2. Faraday b. his research on the magnetic field established
the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic
induction
_____ 3. Hertz c. he brought together all the known laws of
electricity and magnetism.
______4. Maxwell d. the standard unit of measurement of electric
current was named after him
_____ 5. Oersted e. made a law in electromagnetism that states
that when a steady electric current pass
through a wire it creates a magnetic
field
around it.

What’s new

Activity 2.2 The Birth of EM Wave

Directions: Read the story below. Answer the questions that follow and write your
answers on your answer sheet

A long time ago, in Electromagnetic land, thrive the tribes Electra and Magneto.

5
Electro, a strong, respected, and brave warrior, headed the Electra tribe. Electro has millions of
electrons soldiers under his care. Each charged electron soldier is a good provider of an
electric field. Every time these soldiers march around their territory, everyone is amazed by the
strong electric current and force produced. A changing electric field induces a magnetic field as
observe. Magneto, on the other hand, is headed by Magneta, a lovely, amazon warrior.
Everyone who sees her (especially the magnetizable ones) got attracted to her and would not
want to leave her magnetic field. Each member of the Magneto tribe is an excellent provider of a
magnetic field. One day a mysterious, deadly disease hit their land. Wise men of their tribes
believed that a type of wave could be a cure. In search of a possible cure, the two tribe leaders
send out their respective Wisemen, headed by Faraday and Maxwell. Electrons tried to move
around their territory, so did the Magnetos'. When their paths came across each other so that
Electras’ electric field is at right angles with Magnetos’ magnetic field, a wave is produced.
Electro commanded his tribe members to keep on marching across Magneta’s location.
Magnetos' felt a strong force that changes their magnetic fields and induces a changing electric
field. As with the other tribe, Electra, they noticed that an induced magnetic field is produced
continuously by the changing electric fields. Each tribe experienced a changing electric and
magnetic field whenever they are at the right angle with each other. The faster they move
across each other, the greater is the magnitude of the changing electric and magnetic fields
that continuously radiate in all directions. It is transmitted anywhere and in everything may it
be solid, liquid, gas, or vacuum. The members of both tribes keep on moving and dancing
perpendicularly as couples propagating waves continuously. To their surprise, patients exposed
to these waves eventually get better. They call this wave an electromagnetic wave in honor of
the two tribe leaders Electro and Magneta.
Guide Questions:( Please write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.)
1. Who are the main characters in the story?
2. Who was the provider of an electric field?
3. Who was the provider of a magnetic field?
4. When was a wave being produced?
5. What are the two components of an electromagnetic wave?
6. How are electromagnetic waves produced?

What is it

Accelerating electrons produce electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves or

EM waves are produced because of a changing magnetic field that produces an electric
field and a changing electric field that produces a magnetic field. Both the electric field
and the magnetic field oscillate perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the
propagating wave. It originates from the vibration of charged particles, and unlike other
waves, they can travel with or without a medium. A wave cannot exist unless it is
moving. Once created, an electromagnetic wave will continue forever unless it is
absorbed by matter.

Electromagnetic Wave
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electromagnetic_waves.png

6
 What’s More

Activity 2.3 Fill In the blanks

Directions: Choose from the words listed in the box to fill in the blanks that would
complete the statement.

transverse oscillating changing vacuum

perpendicular electric field magnetic field electromagnetic
frequency wavelength speed energy

_(1)_ wave is __(2)__ wave. EM waves has two components namely__(3)__ and __(4)__.
These fields are always __(5)__ to each other and to the direction of wave motion. EM
wave is produced by _(6) _electric charges or __(7)__ electric field. A changing electric
field produces a changing magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field produces a
changing electric field that results to the propagation of EM waves. These waves
propagate through space at a rate of the speed of light, c which is 3.0 x 10 8 m/s. All
types of EM waves have the same speed in __(8)__ but differs __(9)__ and __(10)__.
These waves carry _(11) _.

What I Have Learned

● Electromagnetic waves are produced by the oscillating electric charges and

changing magnetic and electric field that propagates in space.
● Electric and magnetic fields combined and moved perpendicular to each other
and give rise to electromagnetic waves.
● EM waves traveled at a rate of the speed of light and are a transverse wave.
● Electromagnetic waves/radiation is a form of energy emitted by moving charged
particles. As it travels through space, it behaves like a wave and has an oscillating
electric field component and an oscillating magnetic field. These waves oscillate
perpendicularly to and in phase with one another.

What I Can Do

Activity 2.4 Poster Making

Directions: Make a poster illustrating the

production and propagation of EM waves.

7
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.

1. Which is TRUE about the speed of EM waves?

A. EM waves travel at different speeds in different media
B. EM waves travel at the speed of light in different media
C. EM waves travel slowest in solid and fastest in a vacuum
D. EM waves travel fastest in solids and slowest in a vacuum

2. How are EM waves being propagated?

A. It can be propagated by a pulsating current that is parallel to the magnetic field
B. It can be produced by changing the magnetic field parallel to a stationary electric field
C. It can be produced by changing the electric field perpendicular to a stationary magnetic
field
D. It can be propagated by changing the electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each
other

3. Who experimentally proven the existence of EM waves

A. Marie Ampere
B. Michael Faraday
C. Heinrich Hertz
D. James Clerk Maxwell

4. What is the direction of Electromagnetic waves during propagation?

A. Always to the right
B. Cannot be determined
C. Parallel to changing electric and magnetic field directions
D. Perpendicular to changing electric and the magnetic field

5. Which one can propagate an electromagnetic wave?

A. A stationary charge
B. An uncharged particle
C. An accelerating charge
D. A charge at constant velocity

8
9