Task 4

A support beam is subjected to vibrations along its length, emanating from two machines
situated at opposite ends of the beam. The displacement caused by the vibrations can be
2π
modeled by the following equations, x1 = 3.75 (100 πt + ) mm,
9

2π
x2 = 4.42 (100 πt− ) mm
5

a) State the amplitude, frequency, phase and periodic time of each wave.

2π
x1 = 3.75 (100 πt+ ) mm …. (1)
9

2π
x2 = 4.42 (100 πt− ) mm ….(2)
5

Now, comparing equations (1) and (2) with

x = (Asinωt + Φ)

A = Amplitude

Φ = Phase angle

Ω = Frequency and t = Time period

For First Wave:

Amplitude = 3.75

2π
Phase Angle =
9

Frequency = 100π

2π 2π 1
Time Period = = =
ω 10 0 π 50

For Second Wave:

Amplitude = 4.42

−2 π
Phase Angle =
5

Frequency = 100π
 2π 2π 1
Time Period = = =
ω 100 π 50

2π
b) x1 = 3.75 (100 πt + ) mm
9

2π
x2 = 4.42 (100 πt− ) mm
5

2π
x1 = 3.75(100πcos100πt + cos100πtsin )
9

To find maximum displacement for the first machine, we take the derivative of the displacement
of the displacement function and set it equal to 0:

dx 1 2π 2π
= 3.75(100πcos100π tcos( )) – (100πsin π tsin( ) ¿
dt 9 9

dx 1 2π
dt (
= 3.75 π cos 100 πt+
9
=0 ) ….(3)

Solving equation (3) we get,

2π
cos(100 π t+ ¿=0
9

2π
(100 π t+ ¿=cos−1 (0)
9

2π π
(100 π t+ ¿=
9 2

5π
100 π t=
18

5
100t =
18

5
t 1= sec
1800

Similarly x 2=4.42( sin100 πtcos ( 25π )−cos 100 π tsin ( 25π ))

dx 2 2π 2π
dt
=4.42(100 πcos 100 πtcos
5 ( )
+ 100 πsin100 πtsin
5
)( )
dx 2 2π
dt (
=4.42 π cos 100 πt−
5
=0 )
2π
cos(100 π t− ¿=0
5

2π π
100 π t− =
5 2

9π
100 π t=
10

9
100 t=
10

9
t 2= sec
1000

2π
c) −2=3.75sin (100 πt + )
9

2π
(
sin 100 πt +
9)=−0.53333

2π
100 π t + =arcsin (−0.53333 ) +π
9

2π
100 π t=−0.562536+π − =1.8809
9

1.8809
t 1= =0.0057 9 se c
100 π

Similarly,

2π
−2=4.42 sin(100 πt − )
5

2π
(
sin 100 πt −
5)=−0.45249
 2π
100 π t− =arcsin (−0.45249 )=−0.46956
5

100 π t=0.78708

0.787808
t 2= =0.00251
100 π

t 2=0. 002476 sec

d) Expanding x1 an x2 using,

sin(A+B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB

sin(A-B) = sinAcosB – cosAsinB

2π
x 1=3.75 sin ⁡(100 π t+ )
9

x 1=3.75(sin 100 πtcos ( 29π )+cos 100 πtsin( 29π ))

2π
(
x 2=4.42 sin 100 π t−
5 )
2π 2π
(
x 2=4.42 sin 100 πtcos(
5
)−cos 100 πtsin( )
5 )
2π
e) x1 = 3.75 (100 πt + )
9

2π
x2 = 4.42 (100 πt− )
5

2π 2π
x 1=3.75( si n100 π tcos +cos 100 π tsin )
9 9

x 1=2.873 sin 100 π t+ 2.410cos 100 π t

2π 2π
x 2=4.42( sin100 π tcos −cos 100 π tsin )
5 5

x 2=1.366 sin 100 π t−4.204 cos 100 π t

Now, x 1+ x2 gives:
 x 1+ x2=4.603 sin ⁡100 πt −1.756 cos 100 πt

Similarly,

2 x1 −4 x 2=0.282 sin 100 πt +21.636 cos 100 π t

( x ¿ ¿ 1+ x2 ) ( 2 x 1−4 x 2) =(4.603 sin 100 πt−1.756 c x os 100 πt)(o .282 sin 100 πt+ 21.636 cos 100 πt )¿

Simplifying further we get,

( x ¿ ¿ 1+ x2 ) ( 2 x 1−4 x 2) =49.80 (sin ( 200 πt+ 23.22 )−0.355) ¿

f) (x1 + x2)20 = 20 C 3 x 31 x 20−3

2

(x1 + x2)20 = 20C3* 3.75sin(100π t + 2 π /3))3 * (4.42sin(100 πt - 2 π /3))17

g) Substituting values of “t” in equation (1) and (2) we get,

t = 0 : 0.002 : 0.02

2π
x1 = 3.75 (100 πt + )
9

2π
x2 = 4.42 (100 πt− )
5

t x1 x2
0 1.971 -2.4687
0.002 2.9016 0
0.004 3.4979 2.4687
0.006 2.7580 3.9944
0.008 0.9647 3.9944
0.010 -1.971 2.4687
0.012 -2.9016 0
0.014 -3.4979 -2.4687
0.016 -2.7580 -3.9944
0.018 -0.9647 -3.9944
0.020 1.9171 -2.4687

h) Graphical Results:
 5
Time vs Displacement
x
4 1
3

2
Displacement (mm)

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03
Time (sec)

i) From parts (g) and (h) it is concluded that combining two displacement curves can lead to
superposition of two displacement curves.

Task 5:

A power cable is to be fitted under a road and can be represented on 3D Cartesian axes as
below, with the x-axis pointing east, the y-axis north, and the z-axis vertical. The pipeline is
to consist of a straight section AB directly under the road, and another straight section BC
connected to the first. All lengths are in meters.

a) A = (0, -40, 0)

B = (40, 0, -20)

Now, | AB|= √ (40−0)2+ ¿ ¿¿

| AB|= √ (40)2 +(40)2 +(−20)2

| AB|=20 √( 2)2 +( 2)2 +(−1)2

| AB|=20× √ 9

| AB|=20× 3
| AB|=60 meters
 Distance AB = 60 meters

b) Now vector equation of AB:

AB = (40 – 0)i + (0 + 40)j + (-20 + 0)k

AB = 40i + 40j – 20k

As by the given condition BC is to be drilled in the direction vector BC is:

BC = 3i + 4j +k

We know that angle between AB and BC can be calculated by dot product of two vectors.

AB = | AB|.|BC|. cos θ …… (a)

Now,

| AB|.|BC|=(40 i+ 40 j−20 k ) . (3i +4j + k)

| AB|.|BC|=( 40× 3 ) + ( 40 × 4 )−(20 × 1)

| AB|.|BC|=280−20

| AB|.|BC|=260

We know that,

| AB|=60

|BC| = √ (3)2 +(9)2 +(1)2

|BC| = √ 26

Solving equation (a) we get

Vector product of AB∧BC

cos θ=
Product of magnitudes of AB∧BC

260
cos θ=
60× √ 26

26
cos θ= √
6
θ=cos−1 ( √626 )
OR

θ=31.806 °

c) B = (40, 0, -20)

C = (a, b, 0)

BC = (a – 40)i + bj + 20k

From question BC is already known

BC = 3i + 4j + k

Let BC = mBC

(a – 40)i + bj + 20k = 3mi + 4mj + mk

Through comparison we get,

m = 20

a – 40 = 3m

a – 40 = 20

a = 40 + 20

a = 100

b = 4m

b = 4 × 20

b = 80

Substituting values of “a” and “b” we get,

BC = 60i + 80j +20k

Task 6:
 Capacitors of Values Between Class Frequency

(µF)

94 – 95.9 7

96 – 97.9 19

98 – 99.9 35

100 – 101.9 31

102 – 103.9 23

104 – 105.9 5

a) The company has checked the capacitors of a batch, the necessary calculations are as
follow:

Class limit Midpoint (x) Frequency fx x2 fx2

(f)

94 – 95.9 7
94.95 664.65 9015.5 63108.5

96 – 97.9 19
96.95 1842.05 9399.3 178569

98 – 99.9 35
98.95 3463.25 9791.1 342689

100 – 101.9 31
100.95 3129.45 10190.9 315918
102.95 2367.85 10598.7 234770
102 – 103.9 23
 104 – 105.9 5
104.95 524.75 11014.5 55072.5

Total
120 11992 1199145

Mean ( x̄ )=
∑ x i f i = 11992 =99.93
∑ f i 120
Mean ( x̄ )=99.9 3

Variance ( x̄ )=
∑ f 2x −¿(x̄) 2

∑f
1199145
Variance ( x̄ )= - (99.93)2
120

Variance ( x̄ )=6.199727

Standard deviation(x) = √ Variance(¿ x)¿

Standard deviation(x) = √ 6.199722

Standard Deviation(x) = 2.49

b) Given a company automatically its control boards. The quality inspectors have determined
that each package 89% of the control boards are within correct tolerance. Values with respect to
their functionality and remainder were out of tolerance. A random sample of 6 boards are drawn,
so n = 6 and P = 0.89.

I. Probability that 3 of the sample boards are out of tolerance.

P = 6C3 × (0.89)3 × (1 – 0.89)3
P = 0.018766
II. Probability that more than 3 samples are out of tolerance.
P(X>3) = P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) + P(X = 6)
P(X>3) = [6C4 × (0.89)4 × (1 – 0.89)2] + [6C5 × (0.89)5 × (1 – 0.89)1] + [6C6 × (0.89)6 ×
(1 – 0.89)0]
P(X>3) = 0.114 + 0.369 + 0.497
 P(X>3) = 0.98
III. Probability that less than 3 samples are out of tolerance.
P(X<3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
P(X<3) = [6C0 × (0.89)0 × (1 – 0.89)6] + [6C51 × (0.89)1 × (1 – 0.89)5] + [6C2 × (0.89)2
× (1 – 0.89)4]
P(X<3) = 0.0000018 + 0.000086 + 0.00174
P(X<3) = 0.00183

c) Given that total number of transformers (n) = 2450

Mean output voltage = 215.3

Standard deviation of output voltage = 2.8

I. Let x be number of transformers with output voltages greater than 216.9V.

P(x>216.9) = 1 – P(x≤216.9)
P(x>216.9) = 1 – P(z – 0.57)
P(x>216.9) = 1 – 0.7157
P(x>216.9) = 0.2843
Number of transformers with output voltages greater than 216.9 = 2450 × 0.2843 = 696
transformers.
II. Let m is number of transformer with output voltages less than 213.1V.
P(m<213.1) = P(z<-0.78)
P(m<213.1) = 1 – 0.7823
P(m<213.1) = 0.2177
Number of transformers with output voltages less than 213.1V = 2450 × 0.2177 = 533
transformers.
III. Let q be number of transformer output voltage between 214V and 216V.
214−215.3 q−µ 216−215.3
P = P( < < ¿
2.8 σ 2.8
P = (-0.46 < 7 < 0.25)
P = ϕ(0.25) – ϕ(-0.46)
P = 0.5987 – (1 – 0.6772)
P = 0.2759
Number of transformers with output voltages between 214V and 216V = 2450 × 0.2759 =
676 transformers.

d) Let us create a null hypothesis as the product on line as producing same voltage components
as the mean value and the production should not stop.

Here null and alternative hypothesis are:

 Ho : µ = µo

H1 : µ > µo

µ = 225, σ =2.4, n = 35, x̄ = 225.6

The test statistics is:

z=
√ n( x̄−µ)
σ

√ 35 (225.6−225)
z=
2.4

z = 1.4788

As 1.479 < 1.96 we reject the null hypothesis so we can conclude that the production should not
stop.