Topic 2 PN Junction Diode

Unique Properties and Applications of Semiconductor

Semiconductor:
This word “semiconductor” means those materials whose conductivity can be tuned or tailored.
Resistance:
Resistance follows the ohms law, typically R=V /I . This can be used to measure the quantity of how
much current the material can conduct.
Conductivity:
Conductivity is sort of the reciprocal of resistance or resistivity. And semiconductors that is unique
materials whose conductivity can be tuned by many many orders of magnitude. Because of that property
you can make devices that can cater to your needs ok.
Property of Semiconductor:
Semiconductors have that unique property that it can both allow very high current to flow, it can also
block very large voltages like insulators.

Practical Applications of Semiconductor

1. As a Switch:
 Semiconductor can be used as an electrical switch. A switch basically have an ON and OFF
state.
 If it is a ON state, then it will let current go in some condition; and if it is in off state, then it
will block the voltage and not allow current to go in another state, that unique property
cannot be there in metal.
 We cannot make metal go into off state. A metal will not be able to block voltage.
 If we apply 100 volt or 200 volt and we expect Pico amps of current, then it will not happen
in conductor.
 Or a glass we cannot expect a very high current ampere or milli ampere to flow at very low
voltage, it will break down at very high voltage by the way.
2. As an amplifier:
Semiconductor can be used as an amplifier. It amplifies or it enlarges the signal, and that has a
gain. The gain can be used in many RF devices.
3. As a Logic Device:
It can be used as a logic device. As a logic device your CMOS logic as a memory device, to store
information.
4. Used for optical devices:
Semiconductor devices are also used for optical devices. All the white light LEDs are used to
light up the street, the stadiums, the houses, etc.
a) Laser diode as a laser pointer.
b) Used as a solar cell.
c) Used as a photo detector.