ELECTRIC VEHICLES – CLASS 7

27th July 2020

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Vehicle power source characterization

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
 The internal combustion engines used in the
vehicles are based on two principles:

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

 Spark ignition (petrol engines) principle

Diesel principle.

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

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 KEY FEATURES OF THE ICE BASED SPARK
IGNITION PRINCIPLE

 High power/weight ratio

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 Good performance

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 Low combustion noise.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF THE ICE BASED
SPARK IGNITION PRINCIPLE

 Quality of fuel required

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Higher fuel consumption.

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

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 ADVANTAGES OF THE DIESEL ENGINES

 Low fuel consumption

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 Low maintenance requirement due to absence of

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ignition system

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 Low fuel quality required

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 DISADVANTAGES OF THE DIESEL ENGINE

 High level of particulate emission

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 Greater weight and higher price

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 Higher levels of noise

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 ELECTRIC MOTOR
 Ideal for vehicle application because of the torque
speed characteristics of the motors

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 Electric motors are capable of delivering a high

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starting torque.

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 It is very important to select proper type of motor with

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a suitable rating.

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TORQUE VS. SPEED CHARACTERISTICS

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OF ELECTRIC MOTOR

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TORQUE VS. SPEED AND POWER VS. SPEED
CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR

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CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS USED IN
EVS

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TRAINS

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BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF HYBRID DRIVE
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WHAT EXACTLY IS AN HEV?

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HEV

 The term hybrid vehicle refers to a vehicle with at

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least two sources of power.

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 HEV

 Hybrid-electric vehicle indicates that one source of

power is provided by an electric motor.

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 The other source of motive power can come from a

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number of different technologies, but is typically

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provided by an internal combustion engine designed

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to run on either gasoline or diesel fuel.

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ANOTHER DEFINITION -HEV

 As proposed by Technical Committee (Electric Road

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Vehicles) of the International Electrotechnical

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Commission, an HEV is a vehicle in which

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propulsion energy is available from two or more

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types of energy sources and at least one of them

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can deliver electrical energy.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEV


the gasoline ICE and battery

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

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diesel ICE and battery

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battery and FC

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battery and capacitor

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battery and flywheel

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF HYBRID DRIVE

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TRAIN

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 Series configuration

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 Parallel configuration

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 Series-parallel configuration

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 Complex configuration

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SERIES HYBRID SYSTEM

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USES-SERIES HYBRID
 The series hybrid drivetrain is used in heavy commercial
vehicles, military vehicles and buses.

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The reason is that large vehicles have enough space for the

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

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bulky engine/generator system.

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