Chapter 6: Psychostimulants: Key Concepts

Chapter 6: Psychostimulants Flashcards | Quizlet 7/21/20, 10!
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants Flashcards | Quizlet 7/21/20, 10!14 PM
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity D… Nervous System Effects Goal Directed Behavior
Terms in this set (95)
1. Why are A
psychostimulant drugs
also referred to as
sympathomimetics?
a. They increase the
activity of the
sympathetic nervous
system.
b. They invoke feelings
of sympathy.
c. They produce
rewarding effects.
d. They increase the
activity of mesolimbic
dopamine neurons.
2. The term C
sympathomimetic
implies:
a. a drug produces
sympathy.
b. that a drug produces
mind altering effects.
c. that a drug activates
the sympathetic
nervous system.
d. that a drug activates
mesolimbic dopamine
neurons.
3. If a physician needed D
to increase autonomic
nervous system activity,
she might administer a:
a. muscle-relaxing
drug.
b. psychotomimetic
drug.
c. psychoactive drug.
d. sympathomimetic
drug.
4. The first B
amphetamines were
derived from:
a. cocaine.
b. Ephedra sinica.
c. methamphetamine.
d. Catha edulis.
5. Given that ephedrine C

and pseudoephedrine
are found in Ephedra
sinica, consuming this
plant
likely:
a. produce
methamphetamine as
an active metabolite.
b. will inhibit
sympathetic nervous
system activity.
c. produces stimulant
effects.
d. will produce no
effects unless
processed into
methamphetamine.
6. Amphetamines D
represent a class of
that:
a. include cocaine and
methylphenidate.
b. worsen symptoms of
attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder.
c. produce a diverse
series of effects,
including depressant
effects.
d. share a similar
chemical structure.
7. The finding that C

amphetamines share a
similar structure
suggests that:
a. they all have equal
potency.
b. they all derive from
Ephedra sinica.
c. they likely produce
psychostimulant effects.
d. amphetamines are
produced naturally in
the environment.
8. If a pharmacologist D
wanted to develop a
drug with closely
similar effects as
amphetamine, she
would likely:
a. determine which
plants produce
amphetamine.
b. find a compound that
does not cross the
blood-brain barrier.
c. develop any type of
psychostimulant drug.
d. develop a
compound with a
chemical structure
similar to amphetamine.
9. A racemic form of a D
drug consists of:
a. the freebase form of
a drug.
b. a 3 :1 ratio of one
isomer compared to
another.
c. a drug that is quickly
absorbed and
distributed due to
pharmacokinetic
effects.
d. a mixture of both d
and l optical isomers.
10. Methylphenidate is A
primarily used for the
treatment of:
a. attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder.
b. drug addiction.
c. schizophrenia.
d. obesity.
11. All of the following D

are pharmacological
treatments for attention
deficit hyperactivity
disorder except:
a. methamphetamine.
b. methylphenidate.
c. amphetamine.
d. pseudoephedrine.
12. Which A
psychostimulant drug is
derived from that?
a. Cathinone
b. Pseudoephedrine
c. Amphetamine
d. Cocaine
13. Recently, users have D

abused synthetic
cathinones in the form
of:
a. catha edulis.
b. ephedra.
c. kiddie coke.
d. bath salts.
14. All of the following A

are steps in the
production of cocaine
except:
a. the salt form of
cocaine is typically
packaged and shipped
because it can be easily
smoked.
b. coca leaves are
broken down into a
coca paste.
c. the base from of
cocaine is processed
into the salt form in
crystal labs.
d. crack cocaine is
made by converting the
salt form of cocaine in a
base form.
15. The salt form of A

cocaine is preferred for
those wish to:
a. snort cocaine.
b. smoker cocaine.
c. use crack cocaine.
d. use coca paste.
16. The term freebase A

means:
a. to separate a salt
molecule from a
compound.
b. administering a drug
through a hypodermic
needle.
c. to transport an illegal
substance.
d. to harvest plants
used to produce an
illegal substance.
17. Sigmund Freud's A

reason for requesting a
supply of cocaine from
Merck was to:
a. study the compound
in hopes of making a
significant scientific
achievement.
b. use on patients for
studying the
subconscious mind.
c. help his friend Dr.
Von Fleisch-Marxow.
d. entirely enjoy the
drug's effects.
18. The most likely A

reason for
administering a
psychostimulant drug
through an intravenous
injection is:
a. to quickly experience
the drug's reinforcing
effects.
b. to reduce the
symptoms of attention
deficit hyperactivity
disorder.
c. to reduce hunger for
the treatment of weight
loss.
d. due to the drug
failing to absorb
through other
administration routes.
19. Common routes for D

using a psychostimulant
drug recreationally
consist of all of the
following except:
a. inhalation.
b. insufflations.
c. intravenous.
d. oral.
20. A recreational user A

would likely not prefer
to orally administer a
psychostimulant
because:
a. onset of drug effects
take longer compared
to other administration
routes.
b. oral forms of drugs
are usually prescribed,
making them harder to
obtain.
c. other components in
tablet for a drug
reduce passage
through the blood-
brain barrier.
d. the drug absorbs to
quickly, limiting the
duration of a drug high.
21. Smoking the "crystal" B

or "crack" form of a
psychostimulant can be
harmful because:
a. the drug's isomer
changes making it far
more addictive.
b. producing these
forms leads to harmful
byproducts.
c. smoke adheres to the
skin, prolonging the
effects of the drug.
d. biotransformation
produces active
metabolites that have
toxic effects.
22. Why might an B

addiction to cocaine
develop more readily
from smoking cocaine
compared to
other administration
routes?
a. The drug is cheaper
and therefore will be
used more often.
b. The time for onset is
shorter compared to
other routes.
c. Smoked by products
enhance a cocaine's
d. Biotransformation of
freebase cocaine
produces active
metabolite that
enhances cocaine's
effects.
23. Why might B

someone have levels of
both methamphetamine
and amphetamine in his
body?
a. The methyl chemical
group breaks off of the
amphetamine molecule
if the freebase form of
methamphetamine is
smoked.
b. He took
methamphetamine and
some of the molecules
were biotransformed
into amphetamine.
c. The similarity
between both
compounds causes
analytical tests to
report both substances,
when
in fact, only of the
compounds was
administered.
d. Chewing lime
improves oral
absorption of
methamphetamine in
the mouth but also
converts
some of the molecules
to amphetamine.
24. Polydrug use refers B

to:
a. the use of drugs that
produce active
metabolites.
b. the use of multiple
substances.
c. using the same
substance through
multiple administration
routes.
d. taking a much larger
dose of a drug than
usual.
25. Based on the types B

of active metabolites
normally produced
from biotransformation
of
psychostimulant drugs,
active metabolites:
a. are most likely to
produce toxic effects
to organs.
b. tend to prolong
c. slow down
distribution of the drug.
d. inhibit passage of the
parent drug through
the blood-brain barrier.
26. Why do some users D

use cocaine while
consuming alcohol?
a. Cocaine dampens
the depressant effects
of alcohol, allowing the
stimulant effects of
alcohol to
become more
prominent.
b. Alcohol slows the
biotransformation of
cocaine, prolonging
cocaine's effects.
c. Alcohol improves the
absorption of cocaine.
d. The combination
produces greater
rewarding effects than
using either compound
alone would
have produced.
27. Cocaethylene is C
produced as an active
metabolite of:
a. Cocaine and xylene.
b. Methamphetamine
and cocaine.
c. Alcohol and cocaine.
d. Methylphenidate and
cocaine.
28. Which of the B

following compounds
has the shortest half-
life?
a. Amphetamine
b. Cocaine
c. Methamphetamine
d. Methylphenidate
29. Amphetamine might A

be preferred to
methyphenidate for
treating ADHD in
school-age
children because:
a. amphetamine has a
longer half-life,
precluding the need of
taking the drug to
school.
b. amphetamine is less
addictive than
methylphenidate,
preventing the
likelihood of theft.
c. methylphenidate is
known as kiddie coke,
indicating that children
could become high
from
their medication.
d. amphetamine is more
effective for treating
ADHD.
30. Since cocaine's half- B

life is 10-fold shorter
than amphetamine, we
can conclude:
a. that cocaine's drug
effects are greater than
amphetamine.
b. that cocaine's drug
effects are shorter
lasting that
amphetamine.
c. that amphetamine
must have active
metabolites to prolong
its effects.
d. that the drug
molecule for cocaine is
much smaller than
amphetamine,
accounting for the
quicker rate of
elimination.
31. For chewing coca A

leaves, why might
inhabitants of coca
plant regions also place
lime in their
mouths?
a. They found that the
effects of the leaf were
greater when they did
this.
b. Lime dramatically
improved the taste of
the coca leaves.
c. Lime produces
effects similar to
cocaine, thus adding to
the effects.
d. The leaf dissolved in
the mouth better,
improving its texture.
32. Methylecgonidine is B
produced from:
a. consuming cocaine
and alcohol.
b. the clandestine
production process of
freebase cocaine.
c. adding lime when
chewing coca leaves.
d. smoking bath salts.
33. At dopamine axon A

terminals,
amphetamines cause:
a. increased dopamine
levels in the synaptic
cleft.
b. depleted dopamine
levels through
increased catabolism.
c. improved storage of
dopamine through
vesicular transporters.
d. increased reuptake
through dopamine
membrane transporters.
34. Why are synaptic A

vesicles less effective in
storing dopamine after
amphetamine
administration?
a. Amphetamine
displaces dopamine
from vesicles.
b. Amphetamine blocks
c. Amphetamine inhibits
dopamine synthesis,
causing less dopamine
available for storage.
d. Amphetamine
destroys synaptic
vesicles.
35. Amphetamine D
causes a greater
activation of dopamine
receptors. How does
this occur?
a. Amphetamine is an
agonist for dopamine
receptors.
b. Amphetamine is a
positive modulator for
dopamine receptors.
c. Amphetamine
improves dopamine
transport through
d. Amphetamine
increases dopamine
cleft.
36. Reversing the D

direction of the
dopamine membrane
transporter will cause:
a. dopamine to be
retrogradely
transporter to the
neuron's soma.
b. dopamine to be
pushed away from the
synaptic cleft.
c. increased storage of
dopamine in synaptic
vesicles.
d. unstored dopamine
in the axon terminal to
be expelled into the
synaptic cleft.
37. All of the following B

are effects of
amphetamine on
dopamine
neurotransmission
except:
a. displacement of
dopamine from
synaptic vesicles.
b. inhibition of
monoamine oxidase.
c. reversed direction of
dopamine transporters.
d. increased dopamine
cleft.
38. Amphetamine's A
effects on
neurotransmission
occur for the following
neurotransmitters
except:
a. acetylcholine.
b. dopamine.
c. norepinephrine.
d. serotonin.
39. Methylphenidate C
increases dopamine
cleft by:
a. increasing dopamine
synthesis.
b. activating dopamine
receptors.
c. inhibiting dopamine
d. inhibiting monoamine
oxidase.
40. Cathinone and B

synthetic cathinones
inhibit the reuptake of:
a. dopamine, serotonin,
and acetylcholine
b. dopamine, serotonin,
and norepinephrine
c. serotonin, melatonin,
and norepinephrine
d. norepinephrine,
acetylcholine, and
serotonin
41. By increasing the B

flow of dopamine
through vesicular
transporters, cocaine:
a. causes more
dopamine to be stored
in vesicles.
b. causes greater levels
of stored dopamine in
the axon terminal.
c. causes fewer
dopamine molecules to
pass through the
dopamine membrane
transporter.
d. decreases the
synthesis of dopamine
molecules.
42. One of the ways B

that cocaine increases
levels of dopamine in
the synaptic cleft is:
a. inhibiting monoamine
oxidase.
b. by blocking the
dopamine membrane
transporter.
c. blocking dopamine
autoreceptors.
d. by stimulating
dopamine synthesis.
43. A large pool of D

stored dopamine
molecules in an axon
terminal as a result of
cocaine
administration will:
a. all be catabolized by
monoamine oxidase.
b. enter the synaptic
cleft through dopamine
c. be graded and
reused for dopamine
synthesis.
d. allow a greater
release of dopamine
when the neuron is
stimulated.
44. What action does A

cocaethylene have on
dopamine
neurotransmitter?
a. Inhibits dopamine
reuptake through
membrane transporters
b. Is an agonist for
dopamine receptors
c. Inhibits dopamine
reuptake through
vesicular transporters
d. Inhibits monoamine
oxidase
45. The actions that C

cocaine has on
dopamine
neurotransmission
consists of:
a. agonist actions at
dopamine receptors
and blockade of
dopamine membrane
transporters.
b. inhibition of
dopamine passage
through vesicular
transporters and
inhibition of COMT.
c. increase of dopamine
passage through
vesicular transporters
and blockade of
dopamine
d. inhibition of
dopamine synthesis and
blockade of dopamine
46. Which of the D

following would most
likely explain a situation
where amphetamine
did not
increase dopamine
cleft?
a. Another compound
has blocked nerve
impulses.
b. Another compound
is inhibiting monoamine
oxidase.
c. Dopamine receptors
are bound by another
compound acting as an
agonist.
d. Dopamine stores are
depleted due to earlier
administration of a
different compound.
47. Based on the B

actions of cocaine, one
might infer that a toxin
that suddenly
destroyed synaptic
vesicle walls would:
a. also cause the
destruction of
dopamine.
b. cause an increase in
dopamine levels in the
synaptic cleft.
c. cause all dopamine
to be degraded by
monoamine oxidase.
d. cause a decrease in
further dopamine
synthesis.
48. Cocaine- and D

amphetamine-
regulated transcript
(CART) is:
a. increases
psychostimulant effects
with administered with
cocaine or
amphetamine.
b. promotes the
activation of the neural
growth factor BDNF.
c. is a gene transcript
factor.
d. a peptide
neurotransmitter
produced after
psychostimulant
administration.
49. Cocaine- and D

amphetamine-
(CART) has all of the
following functions or
effects except:
a. produces
b. counteracts effects
produced by a
psychostimulant.
c. elevates dopamine
levels.
d. decreases locomotor
activity.
50. Psychostimulants C
reduce nasal
congestion by:
a. impairing the
autonomic nervous
system.
b. causing dehydration,
which reduces mucus
production.
c. constricting swollen
blood vessels in the
sinuses and nasal
passages.
d. preventing an
allergic reaction from
occurring.
51. Why does Ephedra B

appear to be an
effective herbal remedy
for a cold?
a. It contains
antihistamines.
b. It contains
psychostimulants.
c. It soothes the throat.
d. It dilates blood
vessels
52. The anorectic B

effects of
psychostimulants make
them effective for:
a. nasal congestion.
b. weight loss.
c. increasing heart rate.
d. reducing thirst.
53. Appetite-supressing B
drugs are called:
a. anxiolytics.
b. anorectics.
c. angiotensics.
d. antipsychotics.
54. Fen-phen was a A

weight loss strategy
consisting of drugs:
a. fenfluramine and
phentermine.
b. fluoxetine and
pseudoephedrine.
c. ephedrine and
phenylalanine.
d. amphetamine and
methylphenidate.
55. A drug that causes B

an increase in
dopamine in the
hypothalamus is likely
to:
a. cause rewarding
effects.
b. reduce appetite.
c. reduce pain.
d. increase salivation.
56. All of the following A

are physiological
effects from
psychostimulant
administration except:
a. decreased body
temperature.
b. increased heart rate.
c. tooth decay.
d. inhibited digestion.
57. If a person began A

speaking faster soon
after taking a
psychostimulant drug,
this would serve
as an example of:
a. a psychostimulant's
effects on purposeful
behavior.
b. a psychostimulant's
ability to cause
delusion behavior.
c. agitation produced
by psychostimulants.
d. a psychostimulant's
abilty to cause
stereotypy.
58. Finding that a D

psychostimulant
increases low rate of
behavior, while
decreasing a high rate
of
behavior would serve
as an example of:
a. punding.
b. purposeless behavior
c. stereotypy.
d. rate-dependent
effects.
59. _________________ might D

explain why a
psychostimulant
reduces hyperactivity in
ADHD,
while a similar dose can
increase behavioral
activity in someone
without ADHD.
a. Baseline-behavioral
effects
b. Mood-stabilizing
effects
c. Stereotypy
d. Rate-dependent
effects
60. Psychostimulants B
increase the rate of
non-goal directed
behavior, also referred
to as:
a. rate-dependent
behavior
b. purposeless
behavior.
c. euphoria.
d. anxiolytic effects.
61. A psychostimulant- B
induced increase in
behaviors like gnawing,
turning in circles, and
grooming in rodents
would serve as an
example of:
a. purposeful behavior.
b. stereotypy.
c. punding.
d. rate-dependent.
62. A psychostimulant A
drug causing teeth
grinding, skin picking,
or nail biting in humans
would
serve as an example of:
a. punding.
b. stereotypy.
c. purposeful behavior.
d. psychosis.
63. All of the following C

are related except:
a. purposeless
behavior.
b. stereotypy.
c. rate-dependent
effects.
d. punding.
64. Increased energy, A

alertness, and a sense
of well-being produced
by a psychostimulant
are all
examples of:
a. subjective effects.
b. rate-dependent
effects.
c. purposeful behavior.
d. stereotypy.
65. A low dose of a B

psychostimulant drug is
more likely to:
a. cause a rush.
b. be used
instrumentally for a
medical purpose.
c. increase purposeless
behavior.
d. severly constrict
blood vessels.
66. All of the following B

are likely subjective
effects from high doses
of a psychostimulant
except:
a. a "rush."
b. increased motor
activity.
c. euphoria.
d. agitation.
67. All of the following C

are likely subjective
effects from low doses
of a psychostimulant
except:
a. reduced fatigue
b. increased alertness
c. anxiousness
d. improved send of
well-being
68. All of the following D

are examples of
behavioral effects from
low doses of a
psychostimulant
except:
a. increased speed of
talking.
b. increased speed of a
completing a task.
c. increased motor
activity.
d. increased paranoid
behavior.
69. Tooth decay from C

methamphetamine use
is caused by all of the
following except:
a. damage to gums
from inhaled chemicals.
b. preferential for
sugary drinks.
c. accumulation of
methamphetamine on
teeth.
d. reduced saliva.
70. Methamphetamine A
reduces saliva
production by:
a. activating the
sympathetic nervous
system.
b. blocking glands that
secrete saliva.
c. increasing bloodflow
to the mouth.
d. acting in the
hypothalamus to
reduce thirst.
71. Paranoia, agitation, D

and auditory
hallucinations
produced by
psychostimulants is
referred to
as:
a. stereotypy.
b. schizohprenia.
c. formication.
d. psychostimulant-
induced psychosis.
72. Tactile B
hallucinations caused
by psychostimulants is
called:
a. punding.
b. formication.
c. stereotypy.
d. haptic hallucinations.
73. Symptoms of B
psychosis more likely to
occur from
psychostimulant use
than schizophrenia
include the following
except:
a. olfactory
hallucinations.
b. auditory
hallucinations.
c. visual hallucinations.
d. tactile hallucinations.
74. During chronic A

treatment with abused
psychostimulant drugs,
sensitization occurs for:
a. purposeless
behavior.
b. purproseful behavior.
c. goal-directed
behavior.
d. sympathetic nervous
system effects.
75. A user may not be D

able to achieve the
same high after long
term use compared to
when he
started using the drug
due to:
a. cross tolerance.
b. behavioral tolerance.
c. pharmacokinetic
tolerance.
d. pharmacodynamic
tolerance.
76. Activation of which C

type of receptors
appears most important
for the reinforcing
effects of
psychostimulants?
a. Cholinergic
receptors
b. Serotonin receptors
c. Dopamine receptors
d. Noradrenergic
receptors
77. What effect would a C

drug that inhibits
dopamine !-
hydroxylase likely have
if combined with
cocaine?
a. Cocaine would be
unable to cross the
blood-brain barrier.
b. The psychostimulant
effects of cocaine
would be reduced.
c. Greater effects
associated with
dopamine, such as
paranoia.
d. Greater
norepinephrine levels
would increase
agitation produced by
cocaine.
78. The drug disulfiram: C

a. produces
b. stimulates production
of cocaine- and
amphetamine-
(CART) peptide.
c. inhibits dopamine !-
hydroxylase.
d. enhance
psychostimulant-
induced dopamine
release from axon
terminals.
79. Experimental C
vaccines for
psychostimulant
addiction:
a. prevent absorption
of psychostimulant
drugs.
b. prevent
psychostimulants from
blocking dopamine
c. prevent a
psychostimulant from
crossing the blood-
brain barrier.
d. catabolize
psychostimulant drugs.
80. The drug modafinil D

treats psychostimulant
addiction by:
a. inhibiting dopamine
!-hydroxylase.
b. by serving as an
antagonist at dopamine
receptors to counteract
increases in dopamine
release.
c. preventing
psychostimulants from
crossing the blood-
brain barrier.
d. serving as a
replacement drug
through elevating
dopamine levels.
1. Psychostimulants are T
also referred to as
sympathomimetics
because their effects
on the
autonomic nervous
system.
2. Psychostimulant F
drugs must be
classified as Schedule I
or Schedule II.
3. Ephreda serves as an T
herbal cold remedy to
due containing
psychstimulant
compounds.
4. For a time, cocaine F

was an ingredient in
Coca Cola softdrinks.
5. Users prefer the F

freebase form of
cocaine for intravenous
administration.
6. The shortest time of T

onset for cocaine
comes from the
inhalation
administration route.
7. The active F
metabolites of
do not have
8. Amphetamine T
displaces dopamine
from synaptic vesicles.
9. Amphetamine T
reverses the direction
of dopamine
10. Cocaine reverses F

the direction of
dopamine membrane
transporters.
11. Psychostimulant T
drugs have anorectic
effects.
12. Low doses of F

decrease purposeful
behavior.
13. Stereotypy refers to F

stereotypic effects in
humans.
14. High doses of T

psychostimulants can
produce tactile and
visual hallucinations.
15. Individuals with the F

C-1021T polymorphism
have increased positive
subjective effects from
psychostimulant drugs.
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants Flashcards | Quizlet 7/21/20, 10!

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity D… Nervous System Effects Goal Directed Behavior

Terms in this set (95)

5. Given that ephedrine C

7. The finding that C

11. All of the following D

13. Recently, users have D

14. All of the following A

15. The salt form of A

16. The term freebase A

17. Sigmund Freud's A

18. The most likely A

19. Common routes for D

20. A recreational user A

21. Smoking the "crystal" B

22. Why might an B

23. Why might B

24. Polydrug use refers B

25. Based on the types B

26. Why do some users D

28. Which of the B

29. Amphetamine might A

30. Since cocaine's half- B

31. For chewing coca A

33. At dopamine axon A

34. Why are synaptic A

36. Reversing the D

37. All of the following B

40. Cathinone and B

41. By increasing the B

42. One of the ways B

43. A large pool of D

44. What action does A

45. The actions that C

46. Which of the D

47. Based on the B

48. Cocaine- and D

49. Cocaine- and D

51. Why does Ephedra B

52. The anorectic B

54. Fen-phen was a A

55. A drug that causes B

56. All of the following A

57. If a person began A

58. Finding that a D

59. _________________ might D

63. All of the following C

64. Increased energy, A

65. A low dose of a B

66. All of the following B

67. All of the following C

68. All of the following D

69. Tooth decay from C

71. Paranoia, agitation, D

74. During chronic A

75. A user may not be D

76. Activation of which C

77. What effect would a C

78. The drug disulfiram: C

80. The drug modafinil D

4. For a time, cocaine F

5. Users prefer the F