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Rješenje:
ρ ⋅ v 1 ⋅ A1 = ρ ⋅ v 3 ⋅ A3 , ρ ⋅ v 2 ⋅ A2 = ρ ⋅ v 3 ⋅ A3 ,
A3 A3
v1 = v 3 ⋅ , v2 = v3 ⋅ ,
A1 A2
0,05 0,05
v1 = 8 ⋅ , v2 = 8 ⋅ ,
0,2 0,1
v1 = 2 m s . v2 = 4 m s.
v 22 p2 v2 p
+ + z 2 = 3 + 3 + z3 ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
z 2 = z3 ,
v 22 p2 v 32 p3
+ = + ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
p3 p v2 v2
= 2 + 2 − 3 / ⋅ ρg,
ρg ρg 2g 2g
v2 v2
p3 = p2 + ρg ⋅ 2 − 3 ,
2g 2g
v2 v2
p3 = p2 + ρ ⋅ 2 − 3 ,
2 2
42 82
p3 = 1,6 ⋅ 10 + 1000 ⋅
5
− ,
2 2
p3 = 136000 Pa.
2
2. Zadatak
Izračunati brzinu u presjeku II cijevi,
pritisak u presjeku III i silu koja djeluje
na suženje izmeñu presjeka III i IV. Dati
su podaci: ρ = 800 kg/m3, A1 = 0,2 m2,
v1 = 5 m/s, A2 = 0,1 m2, p2aps = 1,2 bar,
v3 = 4 m/s, A4 = A2. Smjer strujanja je
dat na skici. Fluid smatrati idealnim i
nestišljivim.
Rješenje:
ρ ⋅ v 1 ⋅ A1 = ρ ⋅ v 2 ⋅ A2 ,
A1
v 2 = v1 ⋅ ,
A2
0,2
v2 = 5 ⋅ ,
0,1
v 2 = 10 m s .
v 22 p2 v2 p
+ + z 2 = 3 + 3 + z3 ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
z 2 = z3 ,
v 22 p2 v 32 p3
+ = + ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
p3 p v2 v2
= 2 + 2 − 3 /⋅ ρg,
ρg ρg 2g 2g
v2 v2
p3 = p2 + ρg ⋅ 2 − 3 ,
2g 2g
v 22 v 32
p3 = p2 + ρ ⋅ − ,
2 2
10 2 4 2
p3 = 1,2 ⋅ 10 5 + 800 ⋅ − ,
2 2
p3 = 153600 Pa.
3
Jednačina kontinuiteta 3-4:
ρ ⋅ v 3 ⋅ A3 = ρ ⋅ v 4 ⋅ A4 ,
v4
A3 = ⋅ A4 ,
v3
A4 = A2 = 0,1 m 2 ,
v 4 = v 2 = 10 m s ,
10
A3 = ⋅ 0,1,
4
A3 = 0,25 m 2 .
− ρ ⋅ v 32 ⋅ A3 + ρ ⋅ v 42 ⋅ A4 = p3 ⋅ A3 − p 4 ⋅ A4 − F ,
F = ρ ⋅ v 32 ⋅ A3 − ρ ⋅ v 42 ⋅ A4 + p3 ⋅ A3 − p 4 ⋅ A4 ,
F = 800 ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ 0,25 − 800 ⋅ 10 2 ⋅ 0,1 + 153600 ⋅ 0,25 − 120000 ⋅ 0,1,
F = 21600 N.
4
3. Zadatak
Izračunati silu kojom voda (ρ = 1000 kg/m3) djeluje
na glatku ravnu ploču (vidi skicu) ako je A1=0,2 m2,
v1= 6 m/s, A2 = 0,1 m2, h = 1 m, H = 1 m. Fluid
smatrati idealnim i nestišljivim. Smjer strujanja je
dat na skici.
Rješenje:
ρ ⋅ v 1 ⋅ A1 = ρ ⋅ v 2 ⋅ A2 ,
v 1 ⋅ A1 = v 2 ⋅ A2 ,
v 1 ⋅ A1
v2 = ,
A2
6 ⋅ 0,2
v2 = ,
0,1
v 2 = 12 m s.
v 22 p2 v2 p
+ + z2 = 3 + 3 + z3 ,
2g ρ g 2g ρ g
p2 = p3 ,
z3 − z2 = H,
v 22 v2
+ z2 = 3 + z3 ,
2g 2g
v 32 v 22
= + z2 − z3 ,
2g 2g
v 32 v 22
= − ( z3 − z2 ) ,
2g 2g
v 32 v 22
= − H / ⋅2g,
2g 2g
v 32 = v 22 − 2gH,
v 3 = v 22 − 2gH,
v 3 = 122 − 2 ⋅ 9,81⋅ 1,
v 3 = 11,15 m s .
5
Jednačina količine kretanja:
− ρ ⋅ v 3 ⋅Vɺ = −Fotp ,
Fotp = ρ ⋅ v 3 ⋅Vɺ ,
Vɺ = v 1 ⋅ A1,
Vɺ = 6 ⋅ 0,2,
Vɺ = 1,2 m 3 s ,
6
4. Zadatak
Odrediti silu kojom mlaz vode (ρ = 1000 kg/m3)
djeluje na glatku ravnu ploču prikazanu na skici
ako je Vɺ = 30 l/s, Vɺ = 10 l/s, A0= 0,01 m2.
0 1
Rješenje:
Jednačina kontinuiteta:
v 02 p0 v12 p
+ + z0 = + 1 + z1,
2g ρ g 2g ρ g
p0 = p1, z0 = z1,
v 02 v12
= ,
2g 2g
v1 = v 0 ,
Vɺ0 0,03
v0 = = = 3 m s,
A0 0,01
v1 = 3 m s .
7
Energijska jednačina za KZ2:
v 02 p0 v2 p
+ + z0 = 2 + 2 + z 2 ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
p0 = p2 , z 0 = z 2 ,
v 02 v 22
= ,
2g 2g
v 2 = v0,
v2 = 3 m s.
v ⋅ ρ ⋅ Vɺ1
sin α = 1 ,
v ⋅ ρ ⋅ Vɺ
2 2
v1 = v 2,
Vɺ1 10 1
sin α = = = ⇒ α = 30 o.
ɺ
V2 20 2
Iz (1):
8
5. Zadatak
Za sistem na skici odrediti snagu pumpe. Dato je
h1 = 3 m, h2 = 2 m, d1 = 300 mm, d2 = 200 mm,
Vɺ = 0,1 m3/s, ρ=1000 kg/m3. Fluid smatrati idealnim
i nestišljivim.
Rješenje:
v 02 p0 v 22 p2
+ + z0 = + + z2 + ht ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
v 0 = 0, p0 = p2 ,
v 22
+ z2 − z0 + ht = 0,
2g
ht = −hP ,
z2 − z0 = h1 + h2 ,
v 22
+ h1 + h2 − hP = 0,
2g
v 22
hP = + h1 + h2 ,
2g
Vɺ Vɺ 4 ⋅Vɺ 4 ⋅ 0,1
v2 = = 2 = 2 = = 3,17 m s ,
A2 d 2 ⋅ π d 2 ⋅ π 0,2 2 ⋅ 3,14
4
3,17 2
hP = + 3 + 2,
2 ⋅ 9,81
hP = 5,51 m,
N P = ρ ⋅ g ⋅Vɺ ⋅ hP ,
N P = 1000 ⋅ 9,81⋅ 0,1⋅ 5,51,
N P = 5405,31 W .
9
6. Zadatak
Kroz cijev ukliještenu u uklještenju A protiče
Vɺ = 4 l s vode (ρ = 1000 kg/m3). Ako je težina
po dužnom metru cijevi γ = 40 N m , izračunati
moment uklještenja.
Rješenje:
d 2 ⋅ π 0,0505 2 ⋅ 3,14
A= = = 0,002 m 2.
4 4
Brzina u cijevi:
Vɺ 0,004
v= = = 2 m s.
A 0,002
( )
rA xv A ⋅ − ρVɺ + rB xv B ⋅ ρVɺ = Mm + MP , (1)
rA xv A = 0,
(
)
rB xv B ⋅ ρVɺ = i + 2 j − k x 2i ⋅ 1000 ⋅ 0,004,
(
)
rB xv B ⋅ ρVɺ = i + 2 j − k x 8i ,
rB xv B ⋅ ρVɺ = −8 j − 16k ,
Mm = r1xG1 + r2 xG2 + r3 xG3 ,
r1xG1 =
( )
j x (ρgl1A + γl1 ) ⋅ − k ,
r1xG1 =
( )
j x (1000 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 0,002 + 40 ⋅ 2) ⋅ − k ,
r1xG1 =
(
j x − 120k ,)
10
1
( )
r2 xG2 = 2 j − k x (ρgl 2 A + γl 2 ) ⋅ − k ,
2
1
( )
r2 xG2 = 2 j − k x (1000 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 1⋅ 0,002 + 40 ⋅ 1) ⋅ − k ,
2
1
(
r2 xG2 = 2 j − k x − 60k ,
)
2
1
( )
r3 xG3 = i + 2 j − k x (ρgl 3 A + γl3 ) ⋅ − k ,
2
( )
1
r3 xG3 = i + 2 j − k x (1000 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 1⋅ 0,002 + 40 ⋅ 1) ⋅ − k ,
2
( )
1
r3 xG3 = i + 2 j − k x − 60k ,
2
( )
1
(
1
)
Mm = j x − 120k + 2 j − k x − 60k + i + 2 j − k x − 60k ,( )
2 2
Mm = −360i + 30 j ,
MP = M A .
Iz (1):
M A = rB xv B ⋅ ρVɺ − M m ,
(
M A = −8 j − 16k − − 360i + 30 j ,
)
M A = 360i − 38 j − 16k .
11
7. Zadatak
Na skici je dat sistem kojim se
transportuje tečnost (ρ=1000 kg/m3,
ν=10-5 m2/s). Odrediti:
a) snagu pumpe, ako je potreban
protok 1 l/s;
b) pritisak na ulazu u pumpu, ako je
atmosferski pritisak 1 bar.
Rješenje:
a)
Vɺ 4 ⋅ Vɺ 4 ⋅ 0,001
v sr 1 = = = = 0,2 m s ,
d12 ⋅π d12 ⋅π 0,08 2 ⋅ 3,14
4
v sr 1 ⋅ d1 0,2 ⋅ 0,08
Re1 = = = 1600,
υ 10 −5
64 64
λ1 = = = 0,04.
Re1 1600
Vɺ 4 ⋅ Vɺ 4 ⋅ 0,001
v sr 2 = = = = 0,36 m s ,
d 22 ⋅π d 22 ⋅π 0,06 2 ⋅ 3,14
4
v sr 2 ⋅ d 2 0,36 ⋅ 0,06
Re2 = = = 2160,
υ 10 −5
64 64
λ2 = = = 0,03.
Re2 2160
12
Energijska jednačina 0-2:
v sr2 0 p0 v2 p
α⋅ + + z0 = α ⋅ sr 2 + 2 + z2 + ht + hgub0 −2 ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
v sr 0 = 0, p0 = p2 = 0, α = 2,
v sr2 2
+ z 2 − z0 + ht + hgub0 −2 = 0,
g
ht = −hP ,
v sr2 2
hP = + z2 − z0 + hgub0 −2 ,
g
z2 − z0 = 14,5 m,
v sr2 1 l v2 l
hgub0 −2 = ⋅ λ1 ⋅ 1 + Cf + C k1 + sr 2 ⋅ λ2 ⋅ 2 + 4 ⋅ C k2 ,
2g d1 2g d2
0,2 2 15 0,36 2 20
hgub0 −2 = ⋅ 0,04 ⋅ + 2 + 0,3 + ⋅ 0,03 ⋅ + 4 ⋅ 0,9 ,
2 ⋅ 9,81 0,08 2 ⋅ 9,81 0,06
hgub0 −2 = 0,12 m,
0,36 2
hP = + 14,5 + 0,12,
9,81
hP = 14,63 m,
N P = ρ ⋅ g ⋅Vɺ ⋅ hP ,
N P = 1000 ⋅ 9,81⋅ 0,001⋅ 14,63,
N P = 143,52 W .
13
b)
v sr 0 = 0, α = 2,
v2
p1aps = p0aps + ρg ⋅ − (z1 − z0 ) − sr 1 − hgub0 −1 ,
g
p0aps = 1 bar ,
z1 − z0 = 4 m,
v sr2 1 l
hgub0−1 = ⋅ λ1 ⋅ 1 + Cf + C k1 ,
2g d1
0,2 2 15
hgub0−1 = ⋅ 0,04 ⋅ + 2 + 0,3 ,
2 ⋅ 9,81 0,08
hgub0−1 = 0,02 m,
0,2 2
p1aps = 1⋅ 10 5 + 1000 ⋅ 9,81⋅ − 4 − − 0,02,
9,81
p1aps = 60523,8 Pa.
14
8. Zadatak
Na skici je dat sistem kojim se
transportuje tečnost (ρ = 1 000 kg/m3,
ν = 10-5 m2/s). Odrediti snagu pumpe
ako je potreban protok 1,5 l/s.
Rješenje:
Vɺ 4 ⋅ Vɺ 4 ⋅ 0,0015
v sr 1 = = == 0,085 m s ,
d12 ⋅ π d12 ⋅ π 0,15 2 ⋅ 3,14
4
v ⋅d 0,085 ⋅ 0,15
Re1 = sr 1 1 = = 1275,
υ 10 −5
64 64
λ1 = = = 0,05.
Re1 1275
Vɺ 4 ⋅ Vɺ 4 ⋅ 0,0015
v sr 2 = = = = 0,158 m s ,
d 22 ⋅π d 22 ⋅π 0,112 ⋅ 3,14
4
v sr 2 ⋅ d 2 0,158 ⋅ 0,11
Re2 = = = 1730,
υ 10 −5
64 64
λ2 = = = 0,04.
Re2 1730
15
Energijska jednačina 0-2:
v sr2 0 p0 v2 p
α⋅ + + z0 = α ⋅ sr 2 + 2 + z2 + ht + hgub0−2 ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
v sr 0 = 0, p0 = p2 = 0, α = 2,
v sr2 2
+ z2 − z0 + ht + hgub0−2 = 0,
g
ht = −hP ,
v sr2 2
hP = + z 2 − z0 + hgub0 −2 ,
g
z2 − z0 = 12,5 m,
v sr2 1 l v2 l
hgub0−2 = ⋅ λ1 ⋅ 1 + Cf + 3 ⋅ C k + sr 2 ⋅ λ2 ⋅ 2 + 4 ⋅ C k ,
2g d1 2g d2
0,085 2 15 0,158 2 20
hgub0−2 = ⋅ 0,05 ⋅ + 2 + 3 ⋅ 0,9 + ⋅ 0,04 ⋅ + 4 ⋅ 0,9 ,
2 ⋅ 9,81 0,15 2 ⋅ 9,81 0,11
hgub0−2 = 0,018 m,
0,158 2
hP = + 12,5 + 0,018,
9,81
hP = 12,521 m,
N P = ρ ⋅ g ⋅Vɺ ⋅ hP ,
N P = 1000 ⋅ 9,81⋅ 0,0015 ⋅ 12,521,
N P = 184,25 W .
16
9. Zadatak
Na skici je prikazan sistem kojim se transportuje
tečnost gustine ρ = 1000 kg/m3. Odrediti snagu
pumpe, ako je strujanje u cjevovodu turbulentno,
a protok iznosi 0,01 m3/s. Lokalne gubitke u
cjevovodu zanemariti.
Rješenje:
v sr2 0 p0 v2 p
α⋅ + + z0 = α ⋅ sr 2 + 2 + z 2 + ht + hgub0−2 ,
2g ρg 2g ρg
v sr 0 = 0, p0 = p2 = 0, α = 1,
v sr2 2
+ z2 − z0 + ht + hgub0−2 = 0,
2g
ht = −hP ,
v sr2 2
hP = + z2 − z0 + hgub0 −2 ,
2g
z2 − z0 = 22,5 m,
v sr2 1 l v2 l
hgub0−2 = ⋅ λ1 ⋅ 1 + sr 2 ⋅ λ2 ⋅ 2 ,
2g d1 2g d2
Vɺ Vɺ 4 ⋅ Vɺ 4 ⋅ 0,01
v sr 1 = = 2 = 2 = = 0,89 m s ,
A1 d1 ⋅ π d1 ⋅ π 0,12 2 ⋅ 3,14
4
Vɺ Vɺ 4 ⋅ Vɺ 4 ⋅ 0,01
v sr 2 = = 2 = 2 = 2 = 1,27 m s ,
A2 d 2 ⋅ π d 2 ⋅ π 0,1 ⋅ 3,14
4
2
0,89 30 1,27 2 120
hgub0−2 = ⋅ 0,04 ⋅ + ⋅ 0,038 ⋅ ,
2 ⋅ 9,81 0,12 2 ⋅ 9,81 0,1
hgub0−2 = 4,15 m,
1,27 2
hP = + 22,5 + 4,15,
2 ⋅ 9,81
hP = 26,73 m,
N P = ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Vɺ ⋅ hP ,
N P = 1000 ⋅ 9,81⋅ 0,01⋅ 26,73,
N P = 2622,21 W .
17